Tafseer of The Repentance · At-Tawba · 9:80
Ask forgiveness for them, [O Muhammad], or do not ask forgiveness for them. If you should ask forgiveness for them seventy times - never will Allah forgive them. That is because they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger, and Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word: اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لا تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ إِنْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً فَلَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَاللَّهُ لا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ (80) (Ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them; even if you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, Allah will never forgive them. That is because they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger. And Allah does not guide the corrupt people (fāsiqīn).) (80)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose praise is remembered, says to His Prophet Muḥammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: invoke Allah for these hypocrites (munāfiqūn), whose characteristics I have described in these verses, for forgiveness, or do not invoke Him for them concerning that.
This is a statement that has taken the form of a command, while its purport is an announcement, and the meaning is: whether you ask forgiveness for them, O Muḥammad, or do not ask forgiveness for them, Allah will not forgive them.
And His word: إن تستغفر لهم سبعين مرة فلن يغفر الله لهم (even if you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, Allah will never forgive them), He says: even if you ask for them that their sins be covered by His forgiveness toward them concerning that, and that they not be disgraced thereby, Allah will not cover their sins, and He will not forgive these to them, but He will disgrace them thereby before the eyes of all witnesses on the Day of Resurrection. ذلك بأنهم كفروا بالله ورسوله (That is because they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger), He says, whose praise is exalted: this conduct of Allah toward them—namely the withholding of His forgiveness for their sins—is because they denied the oneness of Allah (tawḥīd) and the messengership of His Messenger. والله لا يهدي القوم الفاسقين (And Allah does not guide the corrupt people), He says: and Allah grants no success toward faith in Him and in His Messenger to whoever prefers disbelief (kufr) in Him and the abandonment of His obedience over faith in Him and in His Messenger.
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And it is related from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that, when this verse was sent down, he said: "I will increase the asking of forgiveness for them even beyond seventy times," hoping on his part that Allah would forgive them. Thereupon was sent down: سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ لَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ (It is the same for them whether you ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them; Allah will not forgive them) [sūra al-Munāfiqūn: 6].
17023 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: ʿAbda ibn Sulaymān related to us, on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa, on the authority of his father: that ʿAbdallāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl said to his companions: "If you did not spend so much on Muḥammad and his companions, they would scatter from around him!" And it is he who said: لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأَعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأَذَلَّ (If we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it) [sūra al-Munāfiqūn: 8]. Thereupon Allah sent down: استغفر لهم أو لا تستغفر لهم إن تستغفر لهم سبعين مرة فلن يغفر الله لهم (Ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them; even if you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, Allah will never forgive them). The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "I will increase it beyond seventy!" Thereupon Allah sent down: سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ (It is the same for them whether you ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them). Thus Allah, glorified and exalted is He, refused to forgive them.
17024 - Ibn Ḥumayd and Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, he said: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of Mughīra, on the authority of Shubāk, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, who said: ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAbdillāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl invited the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to the funeral of his father. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him: "Who are you?" He said: "Ḥubāb ibn ʿAbdillāh ibn Ubayy." The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him: "No, you are ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAbdillāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl; for 'al-Ḥubāb' is the satan."
Then the Prophet, upon him be blessing and peace, said: "It has been said to me: استغفر لهم أو لا تستغفر لهم إن تستغفر لهم سبعين مرة فلن يغفر الله لهم (Ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them; even if you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, Allah will never forgive them), so I will ask forgiveness for them seventy and seventy and seventy times." And the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, clothed him in his own shirt, while it [from his body] was moist with sweat.
17025 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, he said: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: إن تستغفر لهم سبعين مرة (even if you ask forgiveness for them seventy times), the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "I will increase the asking of forgiveness beyond seventy!" Thereupon Allah sent down, in the sūra in which the hypocrites are mentioned: لَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ (Allah will never forgive them), as a definitive decree.
17026 - Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, he said: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, something similar.
17027 - ... he said: Isḥāq related to us, he said: ʿAbdallāh related to us, on the authority of Warqāʾ, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, something comparable.
17028 - Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, something similar.
17029 - ... he said: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Hushaym related to us, he said: Mughīra informed us, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, who said: When ʿAbdallāh ibn Ubayy became gravely ill, his son went to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said to him: "My father is dying, and I would like you to be present with him and perform the [prayer] over him!" The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "What is your name?" He said: "Al-Ḥubāb ibn ʿAbdillāh." He said: "No, you are ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAbdillāh ibn Ubayy; for 'al-Ḥubāb' is a name of a satan." He said: Then he went with him until he was present with him and clothed him in his own shirt, while it was moist with sweat, and he performed the [prayer] over him. It was said to him: "Do you perform the [prayer] over him, while he is a hypocrite?" He said: "Indeed, Allah has said: إن تستغفر لهم سبعين مرة فلن يغفر الله لهم (even if you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, Allah will never forgive them), and I will ask forgiveness for him seventy and seventy times!" Hushaym said: and I am in doubt about the third [time].
17030 - Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, he said: my father related to me, he said: my uncle related to me, he said: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: استغفر لهم أو لا تستغفر لهم (Ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them) up to His word: القوم الفاسقين (the corrupt people). He said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, when this verse was sent down: "I hear that my Lord has granted me permission regarding them; by Allah, I will ask forgiveness more than seventy times, that perhaps Allah may forgive them!" Thereupon Allah said, because of the intensity of His wrath toward them: سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ لَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ (It is the same for them whether you ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them; Allah will never forgive them. Indeed, Allah does not guide the corrupt people) [sūra al-Munāfiqūn: 6].
17031 - Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: استغفر لهم أو لا تستغفر لهم إن تستغفر لهم سبعين مرة فلن يغفر الله لهم (Ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them; even if you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, Allah will never forgive them). The Prophet of Allah said: "My Lord has left me the choice, so I will increase it for them beyond seventy!" Thereupon Allah sent down: سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمْ (It is the same for them whether you ask forgiveness for them), the verse.
17032 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, he said: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda: When was sent down: إن تستغفر لهم سبعين مرة فلن يغفر الله لهم (even if you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, Allah will never forgive them), the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "I will increase it beyond seventy!" Thereupon Allah said: سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ لَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ (It is the same for them whether you ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them; Allah will never forgive them).