Tafseer of The Overthrowing · At-Takwir · 81:24
And Muhammad is not a withholder of [knowledge of] the unseen.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
His statement: وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ بِضَنِينٍ ("and he is not, regarding the unseen, niggardly"). The reciters differed over the recitation of this. Most of the reciters of Medina and Kūfa read it بِضَنِينٍ with the letter ḍād, in the sense that he is not niggardly (bakhīl) toward them in teaching what Allah has taught him and sent down to him from His Book. And some of the Meccans, some of the Baṣran, and some of the Kūfan reciters read it بِظَنِينٍ with the letter ẓāʾ, in the sense that he is not suspect (muttaham) in what he conveys to them of reports about Allah.
Mention of those who read that with the ḍād and explained it according to the explanation we have described, from the interpreters (ahl al-taʾwīl):
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of ʿĀṣim, on the authority of Zirr: وَما هوَ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ بِظَنِينٍ , he said: al-ẓanīn is the suspect one. And in your recitation it is بِضَنِينٍ , and al-ḍanīn is the niggardly one; and al-ghayb (the unseen) is the Qurʾān.
Bishr related to us, saying: Khālid ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Wāsiṭī related to us, saying: Mughīra related to us, on the authority of Ibrāhīm: وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ بِضَنِينٍ , that is to say: niggardly.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His statement: وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ بِضَنِينٍ , he said: he is not niggardly toward you with what he knows.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement: وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ بِضَنِينٍ , he said: indeed, this Qurʾān is unseen (ghayb), and Allah gave it to Muḥammad, and he gave it freely, taught it, and called to it; and by Allah, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was not niggardly with it.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of ʿĀṣim, on the authority of Zirr: وَما هُوَ عَلى الْغَيْبِ بِظَنِينٍ , he said: in our recitation it means "suspect," and whoever reads it بِضَنِينٍ says: "niggardly."
Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān: وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ بِضَنِينٍ , he said: niggardly.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His statement: وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ بِضَنِينٍ : al-ghayb is the Qurʾān; he was not niggardly with it toward any of the people, he conveyed it and proclaimed it. With it Allah sent the trustworthy Spirit, Jibrīl, to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and Jibrīl conveyed what Allah had entrusted to him to Muḥammad, and Muḥammad conveyed what Allah and Jibrīl had entrusted to him to the servants; none of them was niggardly, nor concealed anything, nor fabricated anything.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of ʿĀmir: وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ بِضَنِينٍ , he means the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
Mention of those who read that with the ẓāʾ and explained it according to what we have mentioned, from the interpreters:
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: al-Muḥāribī related to us, on the authority of Juwaybir, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, that he read: بظَنينٍ , he said: he is not suspect.
Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Abū al-Muʿallā, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, that he used to read this word: وَما هُوَ عَلى الْغَيْبِ بِظَنِينٍ . I said to Saʿīd ibn Jubayr: what is al-ẓanīn? He said: he is not suspect.
Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Abū al-Muʿallā, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, that he read: وَما هُوَ عَلى الْغَيْبِ بِظَنِينٍ . I said: and what is al-ẓanīn? He said: the suspect one.
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His statement: وَما هُوَ عَلى الْغَيْبِ بِظَنِينٍ , he says: he is not suspect in what he has brought, and no evil suspicion is harbored about what has been given to him.
Bishr related to us, saying: Khālid ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Wāsiṭī related to us, saying: al-Mughīra related to us, on the authority of Ibrāhīm: وَما هُوَ عَلى الْغَيْبِ بِظَنِينٍ , he said: suspect.
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Wakīʿ related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of ʿĀṣim, on the authority of Zirr: وَما هُوَ عَلى الْغَيْبِ بِظَنِينٍ , he said: al-ghayb is the Qurʾān, and in our recitation it is بِظَنِينٍ : suspect.
It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, he said: I heard Abū Muʿādh saying: ʿUbayd related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk saying concerning His statement: بِظَنِينٍ , he said: he is not suspect regarding what Allah has sent down.
Some of the grammarians (ahl al-ʿarabiyya) have explained this in the sense: and he is not, regarding the unseen, weak, but rather he is able to bear it and to endure it; and they base this on the saying of the Arabs about a weak man: he is ẓanūn.
And the more correct of the two recitations regarding this, in my judgment, is that upon which the written forms of the codices (moṣḥafs) of the Muslims agree, even though their recitation differs from it — and that is بِضَنِينٍ with the ḍād, because it is thus in all their written forms. When that is so, then the soundest of the two interpretations regarding this is the interpretation of whoever explained it thus: and Muḥammad is not, regarding what Allah has taught him of His revelation and His sending down, niggardly in teaching it to you, O people; rather, he is eager that you believe in it and learn it.