Tafseer of The Overthrowing · At-Takwir · 81:16
Those that run [their courses] and disappear -
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Abū al-Sāʾib related to me, saying: Abū Muʿāwiya related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Ibrāhīm, concerning His word: الْجَوَارِ الْكُنَّسِ ("which proceed and conceal themselves"), he said: they are the wild cows.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of Mughīra, who said: Mujāhid was asked — while we were with Ibrāhīm — about His word: الْجَوَارِ الْكُنَّسِ , and he said: I do not know. Then Ibrāhīm rebuked him and said: why do you not know? He said: they relate it on the authority of ʿAlī, may Allah be pleased with him, and we always used to hear that they are the cows. Then Ibrāhīm said: they are the cows; al-jawārī al-kunnas are the lairs of the wild cows in which they take refuge, and al-khunnas al-jawārī are the cows.
Yaʿqūb related to us, saying: Hushaym related to us, saying: Mughīra informed us, on the authority of Ibrāhīm and Mujāhid, that the two of them discussed this verse: فَلا أُقْسِمُ بِالْخُنَّسِ * الْجَوَارِ الْكُنَّسِ ("I swear by the retreating stars, which proceed and conceal themselves"). Ibrāhīm said to Mujāhid: say about it what you have heard. Mujāhid then said: we always used to hear something about it, and some people say: they are the stars. Ibrāhīm then said: they lie concerning ʿAlī, may Allah be pleased with him — this is just as they related on the authority of ʿAlī, may Allah be pleased with him, that he placed the lowest in the highest and the highest in the lowest.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of al-Mughīra, who said: Mujāhid was asked about al-jawārī al-kunnas, and he said: I do not know, it is claimed that they are the cows. He said: then Ibrāhīm said: how so, you do not know — they are the cows. He said: they mention on the authority of ʿAlī, may Allah be pleased with him, that they are the stars. He said: they lie concerning ʿAlī, peace be upon him.
And others said: they are the gazelles.
* Mention of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: فَلا أُقْسِمُ بِالْخُنَّسِ * الْجَوَارِ الْكُنَّسِ , he meant: the gazelles.
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn Yamān related to us, on the authority of Ashʿath ibn Isḥāq, on the authority of Jaʿfar, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr: فَلا أُقْسِمُ بِالْخُنَّسِ , he said: the gazelles.
Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, saying: Ibn Abī Najīḥ related to us, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word: فَلا أُقْسِمُ بِالْخُنَّسِ * الْجَوَارِ الْكُنَّسِ , he said: we always used to say — "I think he said" —: the gazelles, until Saʿīd ibn Jubayr claimed that he had asked Ibn ʿAbbās about it, and the latter repeated for him the recitation of it.
It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, who said: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word: الْخُنَّسِ * الْجَوَارِ الْكُنَّسِ , he meant the gazelles.
And the most correct of the statements about this is that one says: that Allah, exalted is His mention, swears by things that sometimes retreat — that is: disappear — and sometimes proceed, and at other times conceal themselves (taknus). Their "concealing themselves" (kunūs) is that they take refuge in their hiding-places (makānis). And the makānis, among the Arabs, are the places to which the wild cows and the gazelles retreat; its singular is maknis and kinās, as al-Aʿshā said:
"When we reached the tribe, friendly women stretched themselves out just as a herd of wild cows stretches out beneath the hiding-places."
This is a plural of maknis. And as Ṭarafa ibn al-ʿAbd said concerning the kinās:
"It is as though two hiding-places of a sidr-tree enclose her, and the arching of bows beneath a strong, powerful spine."
And as for the proof that the kinās can also be for the gazelles, it is the word of Aws ibn Ḥajar:
"Do you not see that Allah has sent down a rain-cloud, and the dust-colored gazelles in their hiding-place shake their heads?"
Thus the kinās in the language of the Arabs is what I have described, and it is not objectionable that this be used figuratively for the places in which the stars are situated in the sky. When that is so, and there is in the verse no indication that by it the stars are meant to the exclusion of the cows, nor the cows to the exclusion of the gazelles, then the correct view is that one takes it generally for everything whose characteristic is: to retreat at times (al-khunūs) and proceed at other times (al-jary), and to conceal itself at certain times (al-kunūs), in accordance with the characteristic which He, exalted is His praise, has described of it.