Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   Explanation of the saying of the Exalted: ادْعُوا رَبَّكُمْ تَضَرُّعًا وَخُفْيَةً إِنَّهُ لا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ ("Call upon your Lord in humility and in secret; verily, He does not love the transgressors") (55).

   Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose praise is mentioned, says: call, O people, upon your Lord, Him alone, and keep the call pure for Him, without the gods and idols that you call upon besides Him = "in humility (taḍarruʿan)," He says: in submission and lowliness before His obedience (21) = "and in secret (khufyatan)," He says: with the humility of your hearts, and the sincerity of your certainty concerning His oneness in what is between you and Him, not loudly and out of show, while your hearts are not convinced of His oneness and His sovereignty, as is the manner of the people of hypocrisy (nifāq) and deceit toward Allah and toward His Messenger, (22) such as:

   14777 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Suwayd ibn Naṣr related to us, saying: Ibn al-Mubārak informed us, on the authority of al-Mubārak ibn Faḍāla, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, who said: Verily, a man had gathered the entire Qurʾān, and his neighbor did not know it. And verily, a man had acquired much knowledge of fiqh, and the people did not know it. And verily, a man performed the long prayer in his house while there were visitors with him, (23) and they did not notice it. And we encountered peoples among whom there was no work on earth that they could perform in secret which they would ever make public! And verily, the Muslims exerted themselves in the call, while no voice was heard from them; it was only a whispering between them and their Lord, and that is because Allah says: "Call upon your Lord in humility and in secret," and that is because Allah mentioned a righteous servant whose deed pleased Him and said: إِذْ نَادَى رَبَّهُ نِدَاءً خَفِيًّا ("when he called upon his Lord with a secret call") [Surah Maryam: 3].

   14778 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of ʿĀṣim al-Aḥwal, on the authority of Abū ʿUthmān al-Nahdī, on the authority of Abū Mūsā, who said: The Prophet ﷺ was on a military expedition (ghazāh), (24) and they appeared above a valley, loudly uttering the takbīr and the tahlīl and raising their voices. Then he said: "O people, be gentle with yourselves, for you are not calling upon one who is deaf or absent! You are calling upon a Hearer, a Near One, and He is with you." (25)

   14779 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ al-Khurāsānī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning his saying: "Call upon your Lord in humility and in secret," he said: in secret.

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   As for His saying: "verily, He does not love the transgressors (muʿtadīn)," its meaning is: verily, your Lord does not love whoever transgresses and thus exceeds the limit He has set for His servants in their call and their supplication to their Lord, and raises his voice above the limit set for them in their call to Him and their supplication, and in matters other than that, (26) such as:

   14780 — Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Muʿtamir ibn Sulaymān related to us, saying: Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥammād ibn Abī Sulaymān informed us, on the authority of ʿAbbād ibn ʿAbbād, on the authority of ʿAlqama, on the authority of Abū Mijlaz: "Call upon your Lord in humility and in secret; verily, He does not love the transgressors," he said: he does not ask for the dwelling-places of the prophets, peace be upon them.

   14781 — Al-Qāsim related to me, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ al-Khurāsānī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: "verily, He does not love the transgressors," in the call and not in anything else = Ibn Jurayj said: verily, among the call there is a transgression; the raising of the voice and the clamor and the shouting in the call is disapproved, and one is commanded to humility and lowliness.

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   The footnotes:

   (21) See the explanation of "al-taḍarruʿ" in what precedes, 11:355, 414.

   (22) See the explanation of "khufya" in what precedes, 11:414.

   (23) "Al-zawr" (with fatḥa then sukūn) is the plural of "zāʾir" (visitor), like "ṣāḥib" and "ṣaḥb." In the manuscript it reads "al-zuwwar," fixed by the pen with a ḍamma on the zāy and a doubled wāw vocalized with fatḥa, and that is likewise correct.

   (24) This expedition is the expedition of Khaybar.

   (25) The narration 14778: al-Bukhārī narrated it in his Ṣaḥīḥ (al-Fatḥ 7:363), and Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ 17:25, via this route, in expanded form. And his saying: "be gentle with yourselves," that is: be gentle with yourselves and lower your voices. In the manuscript it reads: "a Hearer, a Near One, I am with you," without diacritical points, and I have established what is in the two Ṣaḥīḥs; and in the printed edition what is in the manuscript is omitted, and no "He is" was added, which I have added.

   (26) See the explanation of "al-iʿtidāʾ" in what precedes, in the linguistic indexes (ʿadā).

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله : ادْعُوا رَبَّكُمْ تَضَرُّعًا وَخُفْيَةً إِنَّهُ لا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ (55) قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: ادعوا، أيها الناس، ربَّكم وحده، فأخلصوا له الدعاء، دون ما تدعون من دونه من الآلهة والأصنام =" تضرعًا " ، يقول: تذلُّلا واستكانة لطاعته (21) =" وخفية " ، يقول بخشوع قلوبكم، وصحة اليقين منكم بوحدانيته فيما بينكم وبينه، لا جهارًا ومراءاةً، وقلوبكم غير موقنة بوحدانيته وربوبيته، فعلَ أهل النفاق والخداع لله ولرسوله، (22) كما:- 14777 - حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا سويد بن نصر قال، أخبرنا ابن المبارك، عن المبارك بن فضالة، عن الحسن قال: إنْ كانَ الرجل لقد جمع القرآن، وما يشعرُ جارُه. وإن كان الرجل لقد فَقُه الفقهَ الكثير، وما يشعرُ به الناس. وإن كان الرجل ليصلي الصلاة الطويلة في بيته وعنده الزَّوْر، (23) وما يشعرون به. ولقد أدركنا أقوامًا ما كان على الأرض من عمل يقدرون على أن يعملوه في السرّ فيكون علانية أبدًا! ولقد كان المسلمون يجتهدون في الدعاء، وما يُسمع لهم صوت، إن كان إلا همسًا بينهم وبين ربهم، وذلك أن الله يقول: " ادعوا ربكم تضرعًا وخفية " ، وذلك أن الله ذكر عبدًا صالحًا فرضِي فعله فقال: إِذْ نَادَى رَبَّهُ نِدَاءً خَفِيًّا ، [ سورة مريم: 3 ] . 14778 - حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا جرير، عن عاصم الأحول، عن أبي عثمان النهدي، عن أبي موسى قال: كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في غَزَاة، (24) فأشرفوا على وادٍ يكبرون ويهللون ويرفعون أصواتهم، فقال: " أيها الناس، اربَعُوا على أنفسكم، إنكم لا تدعون أصمَّ ولا غائبًا! إنكم تدعون سميعًا قريبًا وهو معكم ". (25) 14779 - حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج، عن عطاء الخراساني، عن ابن عباس قوله: " ادعوا ربكم تضرعًا وخفية " ، قال: السر. * * * وأما قوله: " إنه لا يحب المعتدين " ، فإن معناه: إن ربكم لا يحب من اعتدى فتجاوز حدَّه الذي حدَّه لعباده في دعائه ومسألته ربَّه، ورفعه صوته فوق الحد الذي حدَّ لهم في دعائهم إياه، ومسألتهم، وفي غير ذلك من الأمور، (26) كما:- 14780 - حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم قال، حدثنا معتمر بن سليمان قال، أنبأنا إسماعيل بن حماد بن أبي سليمان، عن عباد بن عباد، عن علقمة، عن أبي مجلز: " ادعوا ربكم تضرعًا وخفية إنه لا يحب المعتدين " ، قال: لا يسأل منازلَ الأنبياء عليهم السلام. 14781 - حدثني القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج، عن عطاء الخراساني، عن ابن عباس: " إنه لا يحب المعتدين " ، في الدعاء ولا في غيره = قال ابن جريج: إن من الدعاء اعتداءً، يُكره رفعُ الصوتِ والنداءُ والصياحُ بالدعاء، ويُؤمر بالتضرُّع والاستكانة. ------------------- الهوامش : (21) انظر تفسير"التضرع" فيما سلف 11: 355 ، 414. (22) انظر تفسير"خفية" فيما سلف 11: 414. (23) "الزور" (بفتح فسكون) جمع"زائر" ، مثل"صاحب" و"صحب". وفي المخطوطة: "الزور" مضبوطة بالقلم بضم الزاي وتشديد الواو مفتوحة ، وهو صواب أيضًا. (24) هذه الغزاة ، هي غزوة خيبر. (25) الأثر: 14778- رواه البخاري في صحيحه (الفتح 7: 363) ، ومسلم في صحيحه 17: 25 من هذه الطريق ، مطولا. وقوله: "اربعوا على أنفسكم" ، أي : ارفقوا بأنفسكم ، واخفضوا أصواتكم. وفي المخطوطة: "سميعًا قريبًا أنا معكم" غير منقوطة ، وأثبت ما في الصحيحين ، وفي المطبوعة ، حذف ما في المخطوطة ، ولم يزد"وهو" التي زدتها. (26) انظر تفسير"الاعتداء" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة (عدا).