Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of His word: "Say: My Lord has only forbidden the abominations, that which is open of them and that which is hidden, and sin, and the unlawful transgression without right."

   Abū Jaʿfar said: He, exalted is His mention, says to His prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: Say, O Muḥammad, to these polytheists (mushrikīn) who strip off their clothing for the circumambulation (ṭawāf) around the House, and who forbid the eating of the good things that Allah has permitted them from His provision: O people, Allah has not forbidden what you forbid; rather, He has permitted that to His believing servants and declared it good for them. My Lord has only forbidden the loathsome things = and those are "the abominations" (al-fawāḥish) = "that which is open of them," that is, what happens in public = "and that which is hidden" of them, that is, what happens in secret and in concealment.

   There has been related from Mujāhid concerning this the following:

   14551 - Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to me, saying: Abū Saʿd related to us, saying: I heard Mujāhid say concerning His word: "that which is open of them and that which is hidden," he said: "that which is open of them" is the circumambulation (ṭawāf) of the people of the time of ignorance (al-jāhiliyya) in nakedness = "and that which is hidden" is fornication (al-zinā).

   I have already previously mentioned the disagreement of the exegetes concerning the explanation of this along with the narrations, and therefore I have avoided repeating it.

   As for "sin" (al-ithm): that is disobedience = "and the unlawful transgression" (al-baghy) is exalting oneself above the people.

   He, exalted is His mention, says: My Lord has only forbidden the abominations, together with sin and unlawful transgression against the people.

   And in the sense of what we have said concerning this, the exegetes have spoken.

   * Mention of who said that:

   14552 - Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Aḥmad ibn al-Mufaḍḍal related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: "and sin and the unlawful transgression," as for "sin," that is disobedience = and "the unlawful transgression" is that one exalts oneself unlawfully, without right, above the people.

   14553 - Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to us, saying: Abū Saʿd related to us, saying: I heard Mujāhid concerning His word: "that which is open of them and that which is hidden, and sin and the unlawful transgression," he said: He forbade "sin," and those are all acts of disobedience = and He informed that the unlawful transgression of the transgressor comes back upon himself.

   The explanation of His word: "and that you associate partners with Allah for which He has sent down no authority, and that you say about Allah what you do not know" (7:33).

   Abū Jaʿfar said: He, exalted is His praise, says: My Lord has only forbidden the abominations, and the associating of partners with Him (shirk), that you worship besides Allah another god = "for which He has sent down no authority," He says: your Lord has forbidden you that you add to His worship anything as a partner to Him, anything for which He has given you, in that associating of partners with Him, no proof-ground or evidence, and that is "the authority" (al-sulṭān) = "and that you say about Allah what you do not know," He says: and that you say that Allah commanded you to bare yourselves and to disrobe for the circumambulation around the House, and that He forbade you the eating of this livestock which you have declared forbidden, set loose to roam free, and made into waṣīla and ḥāmī, and other things of which you do not know that Allah has forbidden, commanded, or permitted them, and that you ascribe to Allah the forbidding of them, the preventing of them, and the commanding of them. For that is what Allah has forbidden you, and not that which you claim Allah has forbidden, or which you say Allah has commanded you, out of your ignorance of the reality of what you say and ascribe to Allah.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله : قُلْ إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ رَبِّيَ الْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ وَالإِثْمَ وَالْبَغْيَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد: قل، يا محمد، لهؤلاء المشركين الذين يتجرّدون من ثيابهم للطواف بالبيت, ويحرمون أكل طيبات ما أحل الله لهم من رزقه: أيها القوم، إن الله لم يحرم ما تحرمونه, بل أحل ذلك لعباده المؤمنين وطيَّبه لهم، وإنما حرم ربِّي القبائح من الأشياء = وهي" الفواحش " (28) =" ما ظهر منها "، فكان علانية =" وما بطن "، منها فكان سرًّا في خفاء. (29) * * * وقد روي عن مجاهد في ذلك ما:- 14551- حدثني الحارث قال، حدثني عبد العزيز قال، حدثنا أبو سعد قال، سمعت مجاهدًا يقول في قوله: (ما ظهر منها وما بطن)، قال: " ما ظهر منها "، طوافُ أهل الجاهلية عراة=" وما بطن "، الزنى. * * * وقد ذكرت اختلاف أهل التأويل في تأويل ذلك بالروايات فيما مضى، فكرهت إعادته. (30) * * * وأما " الإثم "، فإنه المعصية =" والبغي"، الاستطالة على الناس. (31) * * * يقول تعالى ذكره: إنما حرم ربي الفواحش مع الإثم والبغي على الناس. * * * وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل. * ذكر من قال ذلك: 14552- حدثنا محمد بن الحسين قال، حدثنا أحمد بن المفضل قال، حدثنا أسباط, عن السدي: (والإثم والبغي)، أما " الإثم " فالمعصية = و " البغي"، أن يبغي على الناس بغير الحق. 14553- حدثني الحارث قال، حدثنا عبد العزيز قال، حدثنا أبو سعد قال، سمعت مجاهدًا في قوله: (ما ظهر منها وما بطن والإثم والبغي)، قال: نهى عن " الإثم "، وهي المعاصي كلها = وأخبر أن الباغيَ بَغْيُه كائنٌ على نفسه. (32) * * * القول في تأويل قوله : وَأَنْ تُشْرِكُوا بِاللَّهِ مَا لَمْ يُنَزِّلْ بِهِ سُلْطَانًا وَأَنْ تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لا تَعْلَمُونَ (33) قال أبو جعفر: يقول جل ثناؤه: إنما حرم ربي الفواحش والشرك به، أن تعبدوا مع الله إلهًا غيره =(ما لم ينـزل به سلطانًا)، يقول: حرم ربكم عليكم أن تجعلوا معه في عبادته شِرْكًا لشيء لم يجعل لكم في إشراككم إياه في عبادته حجة ولا برهانًا, وهو " السلطان " (33) =(وأن تقولوا على الله ما لا تعلمون )، يقول: وأن تقولوا إن الله أمركم بالتعرِّي والتجرُّد للطواف بالبيت, وحرم عليكم أكل هذه الأنعام التي حرمتموها وسيَّبتموها وجعلتموها وصائل وحوامي, وغير ذلك مما لا تعلمون أن الله حرّمه، أو أمر به، أو أباحه, فتضيفوا إلى الله تحريمه وحَظْره والأمر به, فإن ذلك هو الذي حرمه الله عليكم دون ما تزعمون أن الله حرمه، أو تقولون إن الله أمركم به، جهلا منكم بحقيقة ما تقولون وتضيفونه إلى الله. ---------------- الهوامش : (28) انظر تفسير (( الفاحشة )) فيما سلف ص : 377 ، تعليق : 2 ، والمراجع هناك . (29) انظر تفسير (( ظهر )) و (( يظن )) فيما سلف ص : 218 ، تعليق : 2 ، والمراجع هناك . (30) انظر ما سلف ص 218 ، تعليق : 2 ، والمراجع هناك . (31) انظر تفسير (( الإثم )) فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( أثم ) . = وتفسير (( البغي )) فيما سلف 2 : 342 /3 : 322 / 4 : 281 / 6 : 276 . (32) في المخطوطة : (( أن اكتفى بغيه على نفسه )) ، وهو شيء لا يقرأ ، والذي في المطبوعة أشبه بالصواب . (33) انظر تفسير (( السلطان )) فيما سلف 11 : 490 ، تعليق : 1 ، والمراجع هناك .