Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   Explanation of the words of Allah: قَالا رَبَّنَا ظَلَمْنَا أَنْفُسَنَا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنَا وَتَرْحَمْنَا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ (23) ("They both said: Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy upon us, we shall surely be among the losers").

   Abū Jaʿfar said: This is a report from Allah, exalted be His praise, concerning Adam and Eve [Ḥawwāʾ] regarding that with which they answered Him — their acknowledgment against themselves of the sin, and their asking Him for forgiveness and mercy — in contrast to the answer of the accursed Iblīs to Him.

   And the meaning of His words (qālā rabbanā ẓalamnā anfusanā): Adam and Eve said to their Lord: O our Lord, we have done harm to ourselves through the evil that we have inflicted upon ourselves by disobeying You and going against Your command, and by our obedience to our enemy and Your enemy, in that wherein it was not fitting for us to obey him, namely the eating from the tree from which You had forbidden us to eat = (wa-in lam taghfir lanā), He says: and if You do not cover our sin for us and do not conceal it for us, and do not leave aside our disgrace thereby by not punishing us for it = "wa-tarḥamnā", by having mercy upon us and refraining from calling us to account for it = (la-nakūnanna mina al-khāsirīn), He means: then we shall surely be among those who perish.

   * * *

   And we have already previously expounded the meaning of "al-khāsir" (the loser), with the supporting evidences for it and the transmission concerning it, in a manner that makes it unnecessary to repeat it in this place.

   * * *

   14411- Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, who said: Adam, peace be upon him, said: O Lord, what do You think — if I repent and ask You for forgiveness? He said: Then I shall admit you into Paradise. As for Iblīs, he did not ask Him for repentance, but asked for respite; and so He gave each of the two what he asked for.

   14412- Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: ʿAmr ibn ʿAwn related to us, saying: Hushaym informed us, on the authority of Juwaybir, from al-Ḍaḥḥāk, concerning His words (rabbanā ẓalamnā anfusanā wa-in lam taghfir lanā), the āyah. He said: These are the words which Adam received from his Lord.

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   (1) Thus in the manuscript and the printed edition; possibly the correct reading is: "we have committed the wrong against ourselves." See the explanation of "al-ẓulm" (wrongdoing) earlier in the linguistic indexes (ẓ-l-m).

   (2) See the explanation of "al-maghfira" (forgiveness) earlier in the linguistic indexes (gh-f-r).

   (3) See the explanation of "al-raḥma" (mercy) earlier in the linguistic indexes (r-ḥ-m).

   (4) See the explanation of "al-khasāra" (loss) earlier, p. 315, footnote 1, and the references therein.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله : قَالا رَبَّنَا ظَلَمْنَا أَنْفُسَنَا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنَا وَتَرْحَمْنَا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ (23) قال أبو جعفر: وهذا خبرٌ من الله جل ثناؤه عن آدم وحواء فيما أجاباه به, واعترافِهما على أنفسهما بالذنب, ومسألتهما إياه المغفرة منه والرحمة, خلاف جواب اللعين إبليس إياه. ومعنى قوله: (قالا ربنا ظلمنا أنفسنا)، قال: آدم وحواء لربهما: يا ربنا، فعلنا بأنفسنا من الإساءة إليها بمعصيتك وخلاف أمرك، (1) وبطاعتنا عدوَّنا وعدوَّك, فيما لم يكن لنا أن نطيعه فيه، من أكل الشجرة التي نهيتنا عن أكلها =(وإن لم تغفر لنا)، يقول: وإن أنت لم تستر علينا ذنبنا فتغطيه علينا، وتترك فضيحتنا به بعقوبتك إيانا عليه (2) =" وترحمنا "، بتعطفك علينا, وتركك أخذنا به (3) =(لنكونن من الخاسرين)، يعني: لنكونن من الهالكين. * * * وقد بيَّنا معنى " الخاسر " فيما مضى بشواهده، والرواية فيه، بما أغنى عن إعادته في هذا الموضع. (4) * * * 14411- حدثنا الحسن بن يحيى قال، أخبرنا عبد الرزاق قال، أخبرنا معمر, عن قتادة قال: قال آدم عليه السلام: يا رب, أرأيتَ إن تبتُ واستغفرتك؟ قال: إذًا أدخلك الجنة . وأما إبليس فلم يسأله التوبة, وسأل النَّظِرة, فأعطى كلَّ واحد منهما ما سأل. 14412- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا عمرو بن عون قال، أخبرنا هشيم, عن جويبر, عن الضحاك في قوله: (ربنا ظلمنا أنفسنا وإن لم تغفر لنا)، الآية, قال: هي الكلمات التي تلقَّاها آدم من ربه. ------------------- (1) هكذا في المخطوطة والمطبوعة ، ولعل الصواب : (( فعلنا الظلم بأنفسنا )) . وانظر تفسير (( الظلم )) فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( ظلم ) . (2) انظر تفسير (( المغفرة )) فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( غفر ) . (3) انظر تفسير (( الرحمة )) فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( رحم ) . (4) انظر تفسير (( الخسارة )) فيما سلف ص : 315 ، تعليق : 1 ، والمراجع هناك .