Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny, and made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed, we bear witness — lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: We were heedless of this

   The statement concerning the explanation of His word, the Exalted: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny, and made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed, we bear witness — lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: We were heedless of this. The Exalted, whose praise is mentioned, says to His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: Remember, O Muḥammad, your Lord when He brought forth the offspring of Adam from the loins of their fathers, and made them acknowledge His oneness (tawḥīd), and made some of them bear witness against others of that testimony and of their acknowledgment thereof. As:

   11915 — Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Ṭūsī related to me, saying: al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad related to us, saying: Jarīr ibn Ḥāzim related to us, on the authority of Kulthūm ibn Jabr, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, who said: "Allah took the covenant from the back of Adam at Naʿmān" — that is ʿArafa — "and brought forth from his loins every descendant that He created, and He scattered them before Him like small ants (al-dharr). Then He spoke to them and said: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed, we bear witness" — the verse — up to what the liars did.

   11916 — ʿImrān ibn Mūsā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Wārith related to us, saying: Kulthūm ibn Jabr related to us, saying: I asked Saʿīd ibn Jubayr about His word: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. He said: I asked Ibn ʿAbbās about it, and he said: your Lord stroked the back of Adam, and every soul that He would create until the Day of Resurrection came forth at this Naʿmān — and he pointed with his hand — and He took their solemn pledges and made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed.

   * Ibn Wakīʿ and Yaʿqūb related to us, both saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, saying: Kulthūm ibn Jabr related to us, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny, and made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed, we bear witness. He said: your Lord stroked the back of Adam, and every soul that He would create until the Day of Resurrection came forth at this Naʿmān, which lies behind ʿArafa, and He took their covenant: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed, we bear witness. The wording is from the narration of Yaʿqūb.

   11917 — And Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, Rabīʿa ibn Kulthūm said, on the authority of his father, in this narration: They said: Yes indeed, we bear witness — lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: We were heedless of this.

   * ʿAmr related to us, saying: ʿImrān ibn ʿUyayna related to us, saying: ʿAṭāʾ ibn al-Sāʾib informed us, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The first thing Allah did when He sent down Adam was to send him down at Dajnā, a land in India, and Allah stroked his back and brought forth from it every soul that He would create until the Hour comes, and then He took the covenant from them: and He made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed, we bear witness — lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: We were heedless of this.

   * Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: ʿImrān ibn ʿUyayna related to us, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Adam was sent down when he was sent down, and Allah stroked his back and brought forth from it every soul that He would create until the Day of Resurrection. Then He said: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed. Then he recited: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. And the pen dried from that day with what shall come to pass until the Day of Resurrection.

   11918 — Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Ḥabīb ibn Abī Thābit, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. He said: when Allah created Adam, He took his progeny from his back like small ants, and He grasped two handfuls and said to the companions of the right hand: Enter the Garden in peace, and He said to the others: Enter the Fire, and it grieves Me not.

   11919 — Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: my father related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Ḥabīb, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Allah stroked the back of Adam and brought forth all the pure in His right hand, and brought forth all the wicked in the other.

   * Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Sharīk, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Allah stroked the back of Adam and brought forth from it every soul that He would create until the Day of Resurrection.

   * Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Ḥukkām related to us, saying: ʿAmr ibn Abī Qays related to us, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of Saʿīd, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. He said: when Allah created Adam, He stroked his back at Dajnā, and brought forth from his back every soul that He would create until the Day of Resurrection, and He said: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed. He said: and they hold that the pen dried on that day with what shall come to pass until the Day of Resurrection.

   * Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: my father related to us, on the authority of al-Masʿūdī, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Badhīma, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: when Allah created Adam, peace be upon him, He took his covenant, and stroked his back and took his progeny from it in the form of small ants, and He wrote their life-terms, their provision and their trials, and made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed.

   * He said: Yazīd ibn Hārūn related to us, on the authority of al-Masʿūdī, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Badhīma, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. He said: when Allah created Adam, He took his covenant that He is his Lord, and wrote his term and his trials, and brought forth his progeny like small ants, and took their covenant, and wrote their terms, their provision and their trials.

   * Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: my father related to us, on the authority of Rabīʿa ibn Kulthūm ibn Jabr, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny, and made them bear witness against themselves. He said: Allah stroked the back of Adam, peace be upon him, while he was in the valley of Naʿmān, a wadi beside ʿArafa, and brought forth his progeny from his back in the form of small ants, and then made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed, we bear witness.

   11920 — He said: my father related to us, on the authority of Abū Hilāl, on the authority of Abū Ḥamza al-Ḍubaʿī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Allah brought forth the progeny of Adam, peace be upon him, from his back in the form of small ants, while he was in a wave of water.

   11921 — ʿAlī ibn Sahl related to me, saying: Ḍamra ibn Rabīʿa related to us, saying: Abū Masʿūd related to us, on the authority of Juwaybir, who said: A son of al-Ḍaḥḥāk ibn Muzāḥim died, six days old. He said: He said: O Jābir, when you lay my son in his grave, uncover his face and loosen his shrouds, for my son will be seated and questioned! And I did with him what he had commanded me. When I had finished, I said: May Allah have mercy on you, about what is your son questioned? He said: He is questioned about the covenant which he acknowledged in the loins of Adam, peace be upon him. I said: O Abū al-Qāsim, and what is this covenant which he acknowledged in the loins of Adam? He said: Ibn ʿAbbās related to me that Allah stroked over the loins of Adam and brought forth from it every soul that He would create until the Day of Resurrection, and took from them the covenant that they would worship Him and associate nothing as a partner with Him (shirk). And the Hour shall not come until everyone who gave the covenant on that day is born. So whoever of them then reaches the later covenant and fulfills it, the first covenant avails him; and whoever reaches the later covenant but does not fulfill it, the first covenant does not avail him; and whoever dies young before he reaches the later covenant, dies according to the first covenant, upon the original disposition (al-fiṭra).

   11922 — Yūnus ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: al-Sarī ibn Yaḥyā informed me, that al-Ḥasan ibn Abī al-Ḥasan related to them, on the authority of al-Aswad ibn Sarīʿ of the Banū Saʿd, who said: I went out on campaign with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in four expeditions (ghazwa). He said: The men fell upon the children after they had killed the able-bodied men. That reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and it weighed heavily upon him. Then he said: "What is the matter with people who fall upon the children?" A man said: O Messenger of Allah, are they not the sons of the polytheists (mushrikīn)? He said: "Indeed, the best among you are the children of the polytheists. Indeed, no soul is born but that it is born upon the original disposition (al-fiṭra), and it remains upon it until its tongue expresses itself, whereupon its two parents make it a Jew or a Christian." Al-Ḥasan said: By Allah, Allah has said that in His Book, He said: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny.

   11923 — ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Walīd related to us, saying: Aḥmad ibn Abī Ṭayba related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Saʿīd, on the authority of al-Ajlaḥ, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, and on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAmr, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said concerning And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny: "They were taken from his back as one takes with the comb from the hair, and He said to them: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed. The angels said: We bear witness — lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: We were heedless of this."

   11924 — Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAmr, concerning His word: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. He said: He took them as the comb takes from the hair.

   * Ibn Wakīʿ and Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, both saying: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAmr: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. He said: He took them as the comb takes from the hair. Ibn Ḥumayd said: as is taken with the comb.

   11925 — Ibrāhīm ibn Saʿīd al-Jawharī related to us, saying: Rawḥ ibn ʿUbāda and Saʿd ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Jaʿfar ibn Mālik ibn Anas related to us, on the authority of Zayd ibn Abī Unaysa, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Zayd ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, on the authority of Muslim ibn Yasār al-Juhanī: that ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb was questioned about this verse: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. ʿUmar then said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Indeed, Allah created Adam, then stroked with His right hand over his back and brought forth from it a progeny, and said: These I have created for the Garden, and they will act with the deeds of the people of the Garden. Then He stroked his back and brought forth from it a progeny, and said: These I have created for the Fire, and they will act with the deeds of the people of the Fire." A man said: O Messenger of Allah, then to what end is the action? He said: "Indeed, when Allah creates the servant for the Garden, He makes him act with the deeds of the people of the Garden until he dies upon a deed of the deeds of the people of the Garden, whereupon He admits him to the Garden; and when He creates the servant for the Fire, He makes him act with the deeds of the people of the Fire until he dies upon a deed of the deeds of the people of the Fire, whereupon He admits him to the Fire."

   * Ibrāhīm related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn al-Muṣaffā related to us, on the authority of Baqiyya, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Juʿthum al-Qurashī, who said: Zayd ibn Abī Unaysa related to me, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, on the authority of Muslim ibn Yasār, on the authority of Nuʿaym ibn Rabīʿa, on the authority of ʿUmar, on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, something similar.

   11926 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Ḥukkām related to us, on the authority of ʿAnbasa, on the authority of ʿUmāra, on the authority of Abū Muḥammad, a man from Medina, who said: I asked ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb about His word: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. He said: I asked the Prophet ﷺ about it as you have asked me about it, and he said: "Allah created Adam with His hand, and breathed into him of His spirit, then He made him sit and stroked with His right hand over his back and brought forth a creation (dharʾ), and said: a creation that I have created for the Garden. Then He stroked his back with His other hand — and both His hands are a right hand — and said: a creation that I have created for the Fire; they will act with what I will of deeds, then I seal for them with their worst deeds and admit them to the Fire."

   * Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: ʿAbdallāh ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. He said: Indeed, Allah created Adam, then brought forth his progeny from his loins like small ants, and said to them: Who is your Lord? They said: Allah is our Lord. Then He made them return into his loins, until everyone from whom He took the covenant is born — nothing is added to them and nothing taken from them — until the coming of the Hour.

   11927 — Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny up to His word: They said: Yes indeed, we bear witness. Ibn ʿAbbās said: Indeed, when Allah created Adam, He stroked his back and brought forth his progeny in its entirety in the form of small ants. He made them speak and they spoke, and He made them bear witness against themselves, and in some of them He placed the light. And He said to Adam: These are your progeny; I take from them the covenant, that I am their Lord, that they associate nothing as a partner with Me, and upon Me is their provision. Adam said: Who is this who has the light with him? He said: That is Dāwūd. He said: O Lord, how much lifespan have You written for him? He said: Sixty years. He said: How much have You written for me? He said: A thousand years. And I have written for every human being of them how long he will live and how long he will remain. He said: O Lord, add to it for him! He said: This writing is fixed; then give him, if you wish, of your lifespan. He said: Yes. And the pen had already dried over the life-term of the rest of the children of Adam. So He wrote for him forty years of the lifespan of Adam, and thus his term became a hundred years. When he had lived nine hundred and sixty years, the Angel of Death came to him. When Adam saw him, he said: What is the matter with you? He said to him: Your term is completed. Adam said to him: I have lived only nine hundred and sixty years, and there remain yet forty years. He said: When he had said that to the angel, the angel said: My Lord has informed me of that. He said: Then return to your Lord and ask Him! The angel returned to his Lord, who said: What is the matter with you? He said: O Lord, I have returned to You because of what I knew of Your honoring of him. Allah said: Return and inform him that he gave forty years to his son Dāwūd!

   11928 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of al-Zubayr ibn Mūsā, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Indeed, Allah, blessed and exalted, struck his right shoulder, and from it came forth every soul created for the Garden, white and pure, and He said: These are the people of the Garden. Then He struck his left shoulder, and from it came forth every soul created for the Fire, black, and He said: These are the people of the Fire. Then He took their covenants concerning belief in Him and knowledge of Him and His command, and the affirmation of Him and His command, from all the children of Adam, and He made them bear witness against themselves, and they believed, affirmed, knew and acknowledged. And it has reached me that He brought them forth on His palm the size of mustard seed. Ibn Jurayj said, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said: When Allah brought them forth, He said: O servants of Allah, respond to Allah — and responding is obedience — and they said: We obey, O Allah, we obey, O Allah, we obey, O Allah, here we are (labbayk)! He said: Therefore He gave that to Ibrāhīm, peace be upon him, at the rites of the pilgrimage: here we are, O Allah, here we are (labbayka Allāhumma labbayk). He said: He struck the back of Adam when He created him. He said: And Ibn ʿAbbās said: He created Adam, then brought forth his progeny from his back like small ants, and spoke to them, then made them return into his loins. So there is no one but that he spoke and said: My Lord is Allah. He said: And every creature that is created exists until the Day of Resurrection, and that is the original disposition (fiṭra) upon which mankind was created. Ibn Jurayj said: Saʿīd ibn Jubayr said: The covenant was taken from them at Naʿmān — and Naʿmān lies behind ʿArafa — lest they should say on the Day of Resurrection: We were heedless of this, of the covenant that was taken from them.

   11929 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Abū Jaʿfar, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ, on the authority of Abū al-ʿĀliya, on the authority of Ubayy ibn Kaʿb, who said: He gathered them all together on that day, all that shall come to pass until the Day of Resurrection, then He made them speak and took from them the covenant: and He made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed, we bear witness — lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: We were heedless of this, or should say: Our fathers associated partners before, and we were progeny after them; will You then destroy us for what the liars did? He said: Indeed, I call to witness against you the seven heavens and the seven earths, and I call to witness against you your father Adam, lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: We did not know this. Know that there is no god but Me, and no Lord but Me, and associate no partners with Me. I shall send messengers to you who will remind you of My covenant and My solemn pledge, and I shall send down My Books upon you! They said: We bear witness that You are our Lord and our God, we have no Lord but You and no god but You. So they acknowledged on that day the obedience to Him, and their father Adam was raised above them, and he looked at them, and he saw among them the rich and the poor, and the fair of form and what is below that, and he said: Lord, would that You had made them equal! He said: Indeed, I love that I be thanked. He said: And among them on that day were the prophets, peace be upon them, like lamps. And He distinguished the prophets with yet another covenant. Allah said: And when We took from the prophets their covenant, and from you, and from Nūḥ, Ibrāhīm, Mūsā and ʿĪsā the son of Maryam, and We took from them a firm covenant (33:7). And that is what the Exalted, whose praise is mentioned, says: So set your face uprightly toward the religion, the original disposition of Allah upon which He created mankind; there is no change in the creation of Allah (30:30). And concerning that He said: This is a warner of the former warners (53:56). He says: We took his covenant with the former warners. And among that is His word: And We found in most of them no covenant, and We found most of them indeed corrupt (fāsiqīn) (7:102). Then We sent after him messengers to their people, and they came to them with the clear proofs, but they were not inclined to believe in what they had denied before (10:74). He said: It was in His knowledge on the day they acknowledged, who would affirm and who would deny.

   11930 — Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Abū Bishr, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, concerning this verse: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny, and made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? He said: He brought them forth from the back of Adam, and fixed for Adam a lifespan of a thousand years. He said: And they were shown to Adam, and he saw a man from his progeny who had a light, and he pleased him, and he asked about him. He said: That is Dāwūd, his lifespan is set at sixty years. Then he gave him forty years of his own lifespan. And when Adam was in the throes of death, he began to dispute with them over the forty years, and it was said to him: Indeed, you gave those to Dāwūd. He said: Yet he kept disputing with them.

   * Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Yaʿqūb related to us, on the authority of Jaʿfar, on the authority of Saʿīd, concerning His word: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. He said: He brought forth his progeny from his back in the form of small ants, and showed them to Adam with their names and the names of their fathers and their life-terms. He said: And the soul of Dāwūd was shown to him in a radiant light, and he said: Who is this? He said: This is from your progeny, a prophet, a successor. He said: How long is his lifespan? He said: Sixty years. He said: Add to him forty years of my lifespan! He said: And the pens were moist and flowing. So the forty years were fixed for Dāwūd, and the lifespan of Adam, peace be upon him, was a thousand years. When he had completed it save for the forty years, the Angel of Death was sent to him, who said: O Adam, I have been commanded to take you to Me. He said: Do there not remain yet forty years of my lifespan? He said: The Angel of Death returned to his Lord and said: Indeed, Adam claims that he has yet forty years of his lifespan. He said: Inform Adam that he gave those to his son Dāwūd when the pens were moist! And thus they were fixed for Dāwūd.

   * Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Abū Dāwūd related to us, on the authority of Yaʿqūb, on the authority of Jaʿfar, on the authority of Saʿīd, something similar.

   11931 — He said: Ibn Fuḍayl and Ibn Numayr related to us, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. He said: He brought them forth from the back of Adam until He took from them the covenant, then made them return into his loins.

   11932 — Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Ibn Numayr related to us, on the authority of Naḍr ibn ʿArabī: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. He said: He brought them forth from the back of Adam until He took from them the covenant, then made them return into his loins.

   11933 — He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd related to us, on the authority of Abū Basṭām, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, who said: When Allah brought forth His creation for Adam, He said: He created them and made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed.

   * It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Faraj, who said: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. He said: Ibn ʿAbbās said: Allah created Adam, then brought forth his progeny from his back, and Allah spoke to them and made them speak, and said: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed. Then He made them return into his loins. So there is no one of the creation but that he spoke and said: My Lord is Allah. And the Resurrection shall not come until everyone who bore witness against himself on that day is born.

   11934 — Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: ʿUmar ibn Ṭalḥa related to us, on the authority of Asbāṭ, on the authority of al-Suddī: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny, and made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed. And that is when the Exalted, whose praise is mentioned, says: And to Him has submitted whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly and unwillingly (3:83). And that is when He says: To Allah belongs the conclusive proof; and if He had willed, He would have guided you all (6:149). He means: the day on which He took from them the covenant, then showed them to Adam, peace be upon him.

   11935 — He said: ʿUmar related to us, on the authority of Asbāṭ, on the authority of al-Suddī, who said: Allah brought forth Adam from the Garden, and he had not yet descended from heaven. Then He stroked the right side of his back and brought forth from it a white progeny like pearls, in the form of small ants, and said to them: Enter the Garden by My mercy! And He stroked the left side of his back and brought forth from it a black progeny in the form of small ants, and said: Enter the Fire, and it grieves Me not! And that is when He says: "and the companions of the right hand and the companions of the left hand." Then He took from them the covenant and said: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed. One group obeyed Him willingly, and one group unwillingly, out of caution (taqiyya).

   11936 — Mūsā ibn Hārūn related to me, saying: ʿUmar related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī, something similar, and he added thereto after his word: and one group out of caution, he said — He and the angels —: We bear witness, lest they should say on the Day of Resurrection: We were heedless of this, or should say: Our fathers associated partners before, and we were progeny after them. Therefore there is no one on earth of the offspring of Adam but that he knows that his Lord is Allah, and no polytheist but that he says to his son: Indeed, we found our fathers upon a community (umma) — and the umma is the religion — and we follow in their footsteps (43:23). And that is when Allah says: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny, and made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed. And that is when He says: And to Him has submitted whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly and unwillingly (3:83). And that is when He says: To Allah belongs the conclusive proof; and if He had willed, He would have guided you all (6:149). He means: the day on which He took from them the covenant.

   11937 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Kalbī: from their backs, their progeny. He said: Allah stroked over the loins of Adam, and brought forth from his loins of his progeny what shall exist until the Day of Resurrection, and took their covenant that He is their Lord, and they gave Him that. And no unbeliever or anyone else is asked: Who is your Lord? but that he says: Allah. And al-Ḥasan said likewise something similar.

   11938 — Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Ḥafṣ ibn Ghiyāth related to us, on the authority of Jaʿfar, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Ḥusayn: that he practiced coitus interruptus (ʿazl), and adduced this verse as grounds: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny.

   11939 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Wāḍiḥ related to us, saying: Mūsā ibn ʿUbayda related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, concerning His word: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny. He said: The souls acknowledged before their bodies were created.

   11940 — Aḥmad ibn al-Faraj al-Ḥimṣī related to us, saying: Baqiyya ibn al-Walīd related to us, saying: al-Zubaydī related to me, on the authority of Rāshid ibn Saʿd, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Qatāda al-Naḍrī, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Hishām ibn Ḥakīm: that a man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: O Messenger of Allah, do the deeds begin, or has the decree already been passed? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said: "Indeed, Allah took the progeny of Adam from their backs, then He made them bear witness against themselves, then He poured them out into His two palms and said: These are in the Garden and these are in the Fire. The people of the Garden are made easy toward the work of the people of the Garden, and the people of the Fire are made easy toward the work of the people of the Fire."

   * Muḥammad ibn ʿAwf al-Ṭāʾī related to me, saying: Ḥaywa and Yazīd related to us, both saying: Baqiyya related to us, on the authority of al-Zubaydī, on the authority of Rāshid ibn Saʿd, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Qatāda al-Naḍrī, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Hishām ibn Ḥakīm, on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, something similar.

   * Aḥmad ibn Shabbūya related to me, saying: Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm related to us, saying: ʿAmr ibn al-Ḥārith related to us, saying: ʿAbdallāh ibn Muslim related to us, on the authority of al-Zubaydī, who said: Rāshid ibn Saʿd related to us, that ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Qatāda related to him that his father related to him that Hishām ibn Ḥakīm related to him, saying: A man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ — and he mentioned something similar.

   * Muḥammad ibn ʿAwf related to us, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to me, saying: Muʿāwiya related to us, on the authority of Rāshid ibn Saʿd, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Qatāda, on the authority of Hishām ibn Ḥakīm, on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, something similar.

   And they differed concerning His word: we bear witness — lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: We were heedless of this. Al-Suddī said: it is an announcement from Allah about Himself and His angels, that He, whose praise is exalted, and His angels said it when the children of Adam acknowledged His lordship, when He said to them: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed. The interpretation of the words according to this construal is: And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their backs, their progeny, and made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed. Allah and His angels then said: We bear witness against you of your acknowledgment that Allah is your Lord, lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: We were heedless of this. And the narration from him concerning that has already been mentioned earlier, as has the other narration related on the authority of ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAmr on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ with something similar.

   And others said: that is an announcement from Allah about what some children of Adam said to others, when Allah made some of them bear witness against others. And they said: the meaning of His word and made them bear witness against themselves is: and He made some of them bear witness against others of their acknowledgment thereof. And the narration concerning that has likewise already been mentioned on the authority of him who said it.

   Abū Jaʿfar said: And the more correct of the two statements herein is what is related on the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, if it is authentic — but I do not know it to be authentic; for the trustworthy transmitters upon whose memory and accuracy one relies have related this narration on the authority of al-Thawrī, and they rendered it interrupted (mawqūf) to ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAmr and did not raise it up to the Prophet (lam yarfaʿūhu), and they did not mention in the narration this phrase which Aḥmad ibn Abī Ṭayba mentioned on his authority. And if that is not authentic on his authority, then the literal meaning indicates that it is an announcement from Allah about what the children of Adam said to one another, for He, whose praise is exalted, said: and made them bear witness against themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed, we bear witness. It is thus as if it were said: those who bore witness against the acknowledgers said when they acknowledged: Yes indeed, we bear witness against you of what you have acknowledged against yourselves, lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: We were heedless of this.

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   وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذريتهم وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم قالوا بلى شهدنا أن تقولوا يوم القيامة إنا كنا عن هذا غافلين القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذريتهم وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم قالوا بلى شهدنا أن تقولوا يوم القيامة إنا كنا عن هذا غافلين } يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم : واذكر يا محمد ربك إذ استخرج ولد آدم من أصلاب آبائهم , فقررهم بتوحيده , وأشهد بعضهم على بعض شهادتهم بذلك , وإقرارهم به . كما : 11915 - حدثني أحمد بن محمد الطوسي , قال : ثنا الحسين بن محمد , قال : ثنا جرير بن حازم , عن كلثوم بن جبر , عن سعيد بن جبير , عن ابن عباس , عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم , قال : " أخذ الله الميثاق من ظهر آدم بنعمان " يعني عرفة " فأخرج من صلبه كل ذرية ذرأها , فنثرهم بين يديه كالذر , ثم كلمهم فتلا فقال : ألست بربكم ؟ قالوا بلى شهدنا أن تقولوا الآية - إلى { ما فعل المبطلون } " . 11916 - حدثنا عمران بن موسى , قال : ثنا عبد الوارث , قال : ثنا كلثوم بن جبر , قال : سألت سعيد بن جبير عن قوله : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : سألت عنها ابن عباس , فقال : مسح ربك ظهر آدم , فخرجت كل نسمة هو خالقها إلى يوم القيامة بنعمان هذا , وأشار بيده , فأخذ مواثيقهم , وأشهدهم على أنفسهم { ألست بربكم قالوا بلى } * حدثنا ابن وكيع ويعقوب قالا : ثنا ابن علية , قال : ثنا كلثوم بن جبر , عن سعيد بن جبير , عن ابن عباس , في قوله : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم قالوا بلى شهدنا } قال : مسح ربك ظهر آدم , فخرجت كل نسمة هو خالقها إلى يوم القيامة بنعمان هذا الذي وراء عرفة , وأخذ ميثاقهم { ألست بربكم قالوا بلى شهدنا } اللفظ لحديث يعقوب . 11917 - وحدثني يعقوب قال : ثنا ابن علية , قال ربيعة بن كلثوم , عن أبيه في هذا الحديث : { قالوا بلى شهدنا أن تقولوا يوم القيامة إنا كنا عن هذا غافلين } * حدثنا عمرو , قال : ثنا عمران بن عيينة , قال : أخبرنا عطاء بن السائب , عن سعيد بن جبير , عن ابن عباس , قال : أول ما أهبط الله آدم , أهبطه بدجني , أرض بالهند , فمسح الله ظهره , فأخرج منه كل نسمة هو بارئها إلى أن تقوم الساعة , ثم أخذ عليهم الميثاق : { وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم قالوا بلى شهدنا أن تقولوا يوم القيامة إنا كنا عن هذا غافلين } * حدثنا ابن وكيع , قال : ثنا عمران بن عيينة , عن عطاء , عن سعيد بن جبير , عن ابن عباس , قال : أهبط آدم حين أهبط , فمسح الله ظهره , فأخرج منه كل نسمة هو خالقها إلى يوم القيامة , ثم قال { ألست بربكم قالوا بلى } , ثم تلا : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } فجف القلم من يومئذ بما هو كائن إلى يوم القيامة . 11918 - حدثنا أبو كريب , قال : ثنا يحيى بن عيسى , عن الأعمش , عن حبيب بن أبي ثابت , عن سعيد بن جبير , عن ابن عباس : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : لما خلق الله آدم , أخذ ذريته من ظهره مثل الذر , فقبض قبضتين , فقال لأصحاب اليمين ادخلوا الجنة بسلام , وقال للآخرين : ادخلوا النار ولا أبالي . 11919 - حدثنا ابن وكيع , قال : ثنا أبي , عن الأعمش , عن حبيب , عن ابن عباس , قال : مسح الله ظهر آدم , فأخرج كل طيب في يمينه , وأخرج كل خبيث في الأخرى . * حدثنا أبو كريب , قال : ثنا ابن علية , عن شريك , عن عطاء , عن سعيد بن جبير , عن ابن عباس قال : مسح الله ظهر آدم , فاستخرج منه كل نسمة هو خالقها إلى يوم القيامة . * حدثنا ابن حميد , قال : ثنا حكام , قال : ثنا عمرو بن أبي قيس , عن عطاء , عن سعيد , عن ابن عباس : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : لما خلق الله آدم مسح ظهره بدجني , وأخرج من ظهره كل نسمة هو خالقها إلى يوم القيامة , فقال : { ألست بربكم قالوا بلى } قال : فيرون يومئذ جف القلم بما هو كائن إلى يوم القيامة . * حدثنا ابن وكيع , قال : ثنا أبي , عن المسعودي , عن علي بن بذيمة , عن سعيد بن جبير , عن ابن عباس , قال : لما خلق الله آدم عليه السلام أخذ ميثاقه , فمسح ظهره , فأخذ ذريته كهيئة الذر , فكتب آجالهم وأرزاقهم ومصائبهم , وأشهدهم على أنفسهم { ألست بربكم قالوا بلى } * قال : ثنا يزيد بن هارون , عن المسعودي , عن علي بن بذيمة , عن سعيد بن جبير , عن ابن عباس : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : لما خلق الله آدم , أخذ ميثاقه أنه ربه , وكتب أجله ومصائبه , واستخرج ذريته كالذر , وأخذ ميثاقهم , وكتب آجالهم وأرزاقهم ومصائبهم . * حدثنا ابن وكيع , قال : ثنا أبي , عن ربيعة بن كلثوم بن جبر , عن أبيه سعيد بن جبير , عن ابن عباس , في قوله : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم وأشهدهم على أنفسهم } قال : مسح الله ظهر آدم عليه السلام وهو ببطن نعمان , واد إلى جنب عرفة , وأخرج ذريته من ظهره كهيئة الذر , ثم أشهدهم على أنفسهم { ألست بربكم قالوا بلى شهدنا } 11920 - قال : ثنا أبي , عن أبي هلال , عن أبي حمزة الضبعي , عن ابن عباس , قال : أخرج الله ذرية آدم عليه السلام من ظهره كهيئة الذر , وهو في آذي من الماء . 11921 - حدثني علي بن سهل , قال : ثنا ضمرة بن ربيعة , قال : ثنا أبو مسعود , عن جويبر , قال : مات ابن للضحاك بن مزاحم ابن ستة أيام , قال : فقال : يا جابر إذا أنت وضعت ابني في لحده , فأبرز وجهه , وحل عنه عقده , فإن ابني مجلس ومسئول ! ففعلت به الذي أمرني , فلما فرغت , قلت : يرحمك الله , عم يسأل ابنك ؟ قال : يسأل عن الميثاق الذي أقر به في صلب آدم عليه السلام . قلت : يا أبا القاسم , وما هذا الميثاق الذي أقر به في صلب آدم ؟ قال : ثني ابن عباس أن الله مسح صلب آدم , فاستخرج منه كل نسمة هو خالقها إلى يوم القيامة , وأخذ منهم الميثاق أن يعبدوه , ولا يشركوا به شيئا , فلن تقوم الساعة حتى يولد من أعطي الميثاق يومئذ , فمن أدرك منهم الميثاق الآخر فوفى به نفعه الميثاق الأول , ومن أدرك الميثاق الآخر فلم يف به لم ينفعه الميثاق الأول , ومن مات صغيرا قبل أن يدرك الميثاق الآخر مات على الميثاق الأول على الفطرة. 11922 - حدثني يونس بن عبد الأعلى , قال : أخبرنا ابن وهب , قال : أخبرني السري بن يحيى , أن الحسن بن أبي الحسن , حدثهم عن الأسود بن سريع من بني سعد , قال : غزوت مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أربع غزوات , قال : فتناول القوم الذرية بعدما قتلوا المقاتلة , فبلغ ذلك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم , فاشتد عليه , ثم قال : " ما بال أقوام يتناولون الذرية ؟ " فقال رجل : يا رسول الله , أليسوا أبناء المشركين ؟ فقال : " إن خياركم أولاد المشركين , ألا إنها ليست نسمة تولد إلا ولدت على الفطرة , فما تزال عليها حتى يبين عنها لسانها , فأبواها يهودانها أو ينصرانها " . قال الحسن : والله لقد قال الله ذلك في كتابه , قال : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } 11923 - حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن الوليد , قال : ثنا أحمد بن أبي طيبة , عن سفيان , عن سعيد , عن الأجلح , عن الضحاك , وعن منصور , عن مجاهد , عن عبد الله بن عمرو , قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : " أخذوا من ظهره كما يؤخذ بالمشط من الرأس , فقال لهم ألست بربكم ؟ قالوا بلى , قالت الملائكة : شهدنا أن تقولوا يوم القيامة إنا كنا عن هذا غافلين ". 11924 - حدثنا ابن بشار , قال : ثنا يحيى بن سعيد , قال : ثنا سفيان , عن منصور , عن مجاهد , عن عبد الله بن عمرو , في قوله : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : أخذهم كما يأخذ المشط من الرأس . * حدثنا ابن وكيع وابن حميد , قالا : ثنا جرير , عن منصور , عن مجاهد , عن عبد الله بن عمرو : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : أخذهم كما يأخذ المشط عن الرأس . قال ابن حميد : كما يؤخذ بالمشط . 11925 - حدثنا إبراهيم بن سعيد الجوهري , قال : ثنا روح بن عبادة , وسعد بن عبد الحميد بن جعفر بن مالك بن أنس , عن زيد بن أبي أنيسة , عن عبد الحميد بن عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن الخطاب , عن مسلم بن يسار الجهني : أن عمر بن الخطاب سئل عن هذه الآية : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم } فقال عمر : سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول : " إن الله خلق آدم ثم مسح ظهره بيمينه فاستخرج منه ذرية , فقال : خلقت هؤلاء للجنة , وبعمل أهل الجنة يعملون . ثم مسح ظهره فاستخرج منه ذرية , فقال : خلقت هؤلاء للنار , وبعمل أهل النار يعملون " . فقال رجل : يا رسول الله ففيم العمل ؟ قال : " إن الله إذا خلق العبد للجنة استعمله بعمل أهل الجنة حتى يموت على عمل من عمل أهل الجنة فيدخله الجنة ; وإذا خلق العبد للنار استعمله بعمل أهل النار حتى يموت على عمل من عمل أهل النار فيدخله النار " . * حدثنا إبراهيم , قال : ثنا محمد بن المصفى , عن بقية , عن عمرو بن جعثم القرشي , قال : ثني زيد بن أبي أنيسة , عن عبد الحميد بن عبد الرحمن , عن مسلم بن يسار , عن نعيم بن ربيعة , عن عمر , عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم , بنحوه . 11926 - حدثنا ابن حميد , قال : ثنا حكام , عن عنبسة , عن عمارة , عن أبي محمد رجل من المدينة , قال : سألت عمر بن الخطاب عن قوله : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : سألت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عنه كما سألتني , فقال : " خلق الله آدم بيده , ونفخ فيه من روحه , ثم أجلسه فمسح ظهره بيده اليمنى , فأخرج ذرءا , فقال : ذرء ذرأتهم للجنة , ثم مسح ظهره بيده الأخرى , وكلتا يديه يمين , فقال : ذرء ذرأتهم للنار , يعملون فيما شئت من عمل , ثم أختم لهم بأسوأ أعمالهم فأدخلهم النار " . * حدثني المثنى , قال : ثنا عبد الله بن صالح , قال : ثني معاوية , عن علي , عن ابن عباس , قوله : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : إن الله خلق آدم , ثم أخرج ذريته من صلبه مثل الذر , فقال لهم : من ربكم ؟ قالوا : الله ربنا , ثم أعادهم في صلبه , حتى يولد كل من أخذ ميثاقه لا يزاد فيهم ولا ينقص منهم إلى أن تقوم الساعة . 11927 - حدثني محمد بن سعد , قال : ثني أبي , قال : ثني عمي , قال : ثني أبي , عن أبيه , عن ابن عباس , قوله : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } إلى قوله : { قالوا بلى شهدنا } قال ابن عباس : إن الله لما خلق آدم مسح ظهره , وأخرج ذريته كلهم كهيئة الذر , فأنطقهم فتكلموا , وأشهدهم على أنفسهم , وجعل مع بعضهم النور , وإنه قال لآدم : هؤلاء ذريتك آخذ عليهم الميثاق , أنا ربهم , لئلا يشركوا بي شيئا , وعلي رزقهم . قال آدم : فمن هذا الذي معه النور ؟ قال : هو داود . قال : يا رب كم كتبت له من الأجل ؟ قال : ستين سنة . قال : كم كتبت لي ؟ قال : ألف سنة , وقد كتبت لكل إنسان منهم كم يعمر وكم يلبث . قال : يا رب زده ! قال : هذا الكتاب موضوع فأعطه إن شئت من عمرك . قال : نعم. وقد جف القلم عن أجل سائر بني آدم , فكتب له من أجل آدم أربعين سنة , فصار أجله مائة سنة . فلما عمر تسعمائة سنة وستين جاءه ملك الموت ; فلما رآه آدم , قال : ما لك ؟ قال له : قد استوفيت أجلك . قال له آدم : إنما عمرت تسعمائة وستين سنة , وبقي أربعون سنة. قال : فلما قال ذلك للملك , قال الملك : قد أخبرني بها ربي . قال : فارجع إلى ربك فاسأله ! فرجع الملك إلى ربه , فقال : ما لك ؟ قال : يا رب رجعت إليك لما كنت أعلم من تكرمتك إياه . قال الله : ارجع فأخبره أنه قد أعطى ابنه داود أربعين سنة ! 11928 - حدثنا القاسم , قال : ثنا الحسين , قال : ثني حجاج , عن ابن جريج , عن الزبير بن موسى , عن سعيد بن جبير , عن ابن عباس , قال : إن الله تبارك وتعالى ضرب منكبه الأيمن , فخرجت كل نفس مخلوقة للجنة بيضاء نقية , فقال : هؤلاء أهل الجنة . ثم ضرب منكبه الأيسر , فخرجت كل نفس مخلوقة للنار سوداء , فقال : هؤلاء أهل النار . ثم أخذ عهودهم على الإيمان والمعرفة له ولأمره , والتصديق به وبأمره بني آدم كلهم , فأشهدهم على أنفسهم , فآمنوا وصدقوا وعرفوا وأقروا. وبلغني أنه أخرجهم على كفه أمثال الخردل . قال ابن جريج عن مجاهد , قال : إن الله لما أخرجهم قال : يا عباد الله أجيبوا الله - والإجابة : الطاعة - فقالوا : أطعنا , اللهم أطعنا , اللهم أطعنا , اللهم لبيك ! قال : فأعطاها إبراهيم عليه السلام في المناسك : لبيك اللهم لبيك . قال : ضرب متن آدم حين خلقه . قال : وقال ابن عباس : خلق آدم , ثم أخرج ذريته من ظهره مثل الذر , فكلمهم , ثم أعادهم في صلبه , فليس أحد إلا وقد تكلم فقال : ربي الله . فقال : وكل خلق خلق فهو كائن إلى يوم القيامة وهي الفطرة التي فطر الناس عليها . قال ابن جريج , قال سعيد بن حبير : أخذ الميثاق عليهم بنعمان - ونعمان من وراء عرفة - أن يقولوا يوم القيامة { إنا كنا عن هذا غافلين } عن الميثاق الذي أخذ عليهم . 11929 - حدثنا القاسم , قال : ثنا الحسين , قال : ثني حجاج , عن أبي جعفر , عن الربيع , عن أبي العالية , عن أبي بن كعب , قال : جمعهم يومئذ جميعا ما هو كائن إلى يوم القيامة , ثم استنطقهم , وأخذ عليهم الميثاق { وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم قالوا بلى شهدنا أن تقولوا يوم القيامة إنا كنا عن هذا غافلين أو تقولوا إنما أشرك آباؤنا من قبل وكنا ذرية من بعدهم أفتهلكنا بما فعل المبطلون } ؟ قال : فإني أشهد عليكم السماوات السبع والأرضين السبع , وأشهد عليكم أباكم آدم أن تقولوا يوم القيامة لم نعلم بهذا , اعلموا أنه لا إله غيري , ولا رب غيري , ولا تشركوا بي شيئا , وسأرسل إليكم رسلا يذكرونكم عهدي وميثاقي , وسأنزل عليكم كتبي ! قالوا : شهدنا أنك ربنا وإلهنا , لا رب لنا غيرك , ولا إله لنا غيرك . فأقروا له يومئذ بالطاعة , ورفع عليهم أباهم آدم , فنظر إليهم , فرأى منهم الغني والفقير , وحسن الصورة , ودون ذلك , فقال : رب لولا ساويت بينهم ! قال : فإني أحب أن أشكر . قال : وفيهم الأنبياء عليهم السلام يومئذ مثل السرج. وخص الأنبياء بميثاق آخر , قال الله : { وإذ أخذنا من النبيين ميثاقهم ومنك ومن نوح وإبراهيم وموسى وعيسى ابن مريم وأخذنا منهم ميثاقا غليظا } 33 7 وهو الذي يقول تعالى ذكره : { فأقم وجهك للدين حنيفا فطرة الله التي فطر الناس عليها لا تبديل لخلق الله } 30 30 وفي ذلك قال : { هذا نذير من النذر الأولى } 53 56 يقول : أخذنا ميثاقه مع النذر الأولى , ومن ذلك قوله : { وما وجدنا لأكثرهم من عهد وإن وجدنا أكثرهم لفاسقين } 7 102 { ثم بعثنا من بعده رسلا إلى قومهم فجاءوهم بالبينات فما كانوا ليؤمنوا بما كذبوا من قبل } 10 74 قال : كان في علمه يوم أقروا به من يصدق ومن يكذب . 11930 - حدثنا ابن بشار , قال : ثنا محمد بن جعفر , قال : ثنا شعبة , عن أبي بشر , عن سعيد بن جبير في هذه الآية : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم } قال : أخرجهم من ظهر آدم , وجعل لآدم عمر ألف سنة , قال : فعرضوا على آدم , فرأى رجلا من ذريته له نور فأعجبه , فسأل عنه , فقال : هو داود , قد جعل عمره ستين سنة , فجعل له من عمره أربعين سنة ; فلما احتضر آدم , جعل يخاصمهم في الأربعين سنة , فقيل له : إنك أعطيتها داود , قال : فجعل يخاصمهم . * حدثنا ابن حميد , قال : ثنا يعقوب , عن جعفر , عن سعيد , في قوله : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : أخرج ذريته من ظهره كهيئة الذر , فعرضهم على آدم بأسمائهم وأسماء آبائهم وآجالهم , قال : فعرض عليه روح داود في نور ساطع , فقال : من هذا ؟ قال : هذا من ذريتك نبي خليفة , قال : كم عمره ؟ قال : ستون سنة , قال : زيدوه من عمري أربعين سنة ! قال : والأقلام رطبة تجري . فأثبت لداود الأربعون , وكان عمر آدم عليه السلام ألف سنة ; فلما استكملها إلا الأربعين سنة , بعث إليه ملك الموت , فقال : يا آدم أمرت أن أقبضك , قال : ألم يبق من عمري أربعون سنة ؟ قال : فرجع ملك الموت إلى ربه , فقال : إن آدم يدعي من عمره أربعين سنة , قال : أخبر آدم أنه جعلها لابنه داود والأقلام رطبة ! فأثبتت لداود . * حدثنا ابن وكيع , قال : ثنا أبو داود , عن يعقوب , عن جعفر , عن سعيد بنحوه. 11931 - قال : ثنا ابن فضيل وابن نمير , عن عبد الملك , عن عطاء : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : أخرجهم من ظهر آدم حتى أخذ عليهم الميثاق , ثم ردهم في صلبه . 11932 - حدثنا ابن وكيع , قال : ثنا ابن نمير , عن نضر بن عربي : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : أخرجهم من ظهر آدم حتى أخذ عليهم الميثاق , ثم ردهم في صلبه. 11933 - قال : ثنا محمد بن عبيد , عن أبي بسطام , عن الضحاك , قال : حيث ذرأ الله خلقه لآدم , قال : خلقهم وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم ؟ قالوا : بلى. * حدثت عن الحسين بن الفرج , قال : سمعت أبا معاذ , قال : ثنا عبيد , قال : سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : قال ابن عباس : خلق الله آدم , ثم أخرج ذريته من ظهره , فكلمهم الله وأنطقهم , فقال : ألست بربكم ؟ قالوا : بلى , ثم أعادهم في صلبه , فليس أحد من الخلق إلا قد تكلم فقال ربي الله , وإن القيامة لن تقوم حتى يولد من كان يومئذ أشهد على نفسه. 11934 - حدثنا ابن وكيع , قال : ثنا عمر بن طلحة , عن أسباط , عن السدي : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم قالوا بلى } وذلك حين يقول تعالى ذكره : { وله أسلم من في السماوات والأرض طوعا وكرها } 3 83 وذلك حين يقول : { فلله الحجة البالغة فلو شاء لهداكم أجمعين } 6 149 يعني : يوم أخذ منهم الميثاق , ثم عرضهم على آدم عليه السلام. 11935 - قال : ثنا عمر , عن أسباط , عن السدي , قال : أخرج الله آدم من الجنة , ولم يهبط من السماء , ثم مسح صفحة ظهره اليمنى , فأخرج منه ذرية بيضاء مثل اللؤلؤ كهيئة الذر , فقال لهم : ادخلوا الجنة برحمتي ! ومسح صفحة ظهره اليسرى , فأخرج منه ذرية سوداء كهيئة الذر , فقال : ادخلوا النار ولا أبالي ! فذلك حين يقول : " وأصحاب اليمين وأصحاب الشمال " ثم أخذ منهم الميثاق , فقال : { ألست بربكم قالوا بلى } , فأطاعه طائفة طائعين , وطائفة كارهين على وجه التقية . 11936 - حدثني موسى بن هارون , قال : ثنا عمر , قال : ثنا أسباط , عن السدي بنحوه , وزاد فيه بعد قوله : وطائفة على وجه التقية , فقال هو والملائكة : شهدنا أن يقولوا يوم القيامة إنا كنا عن هذا غافلين أو يقولوا إنما أشرك آباؤنا من قبل وكنا ذرية من بعدهم . فلذلك ليس في الأرض أحد من ولد آدم إلا وهو يعرف أن ربه الله , ولا مشرك إلا وهو يقول لابنه : { إنا وجدنا آباءنا على أمة } والأمة : الدين { وإنا على آثارهم مقتدون } 43 23 وذلك حين يقول الله : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم قالوا بلى } وذلك حين يقول : { وله أسلم من في السماوات والأرض طوعا وكرها } 3 83 وذلك حين يقول : { فلله الحجة البالغة فلو شاء لهداكم أجمعين } 6 149 يعني يوم أخذ منهم الميثاق. 11937 - حدثنا محمد بن عبد الأعلى , قال : ثنا محمد بن ثور , عن معمر , عن الكلبي : { من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : مسح الله على صلب آدم , فأخرج من صلبه من ذريته ما يكون إلى يوم القيامة , وأخذ ميثاقهم أنه ربهم , فأعطوه ذلك , ولا يسأل أحد كافر ولا غيره : من ربك ؟ إلا قال : الله. وقال الحسن مثل ذلك أيضا . 11938 - حدثنا ابن وكيع , قال : ثنا حفص بن غياث , عن جعفر , عن أبيه , عن علي بن حسين أنه كان يعزل , ويتأول هذه الآية : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } 11939 - حدثنا ابن حميد , قال : ثنا يحيى بن واضح , قال : ثنا موسى بن عبيدة , عن محمد بن كعب القرظي في قوله : { وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم } قال : أقرت الأرواح قبل أن تخلق أجسادها . 11940 - حدثنا أحمد بن الفرج الحمصي , قال : ثنا بقية بن الوليد , قال : ثني الزبيدي , عن راشد بن سعد , عن عبد الرحمن بن قتادة النضري , عن أبيه , عن هشام بن حكيم : أن رجلا أتى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم , فقال : يا رسول الله , أتبدأ الأعمال أم قد قضي القضاء ؟ فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " إن الله أخذ ذرية آدم من ظهورهم , ثم أشهدهم على أنفسهم , ثم أفاض بهم في كفيه ثم قال : هؤلاء في الجنة وهؤلاء في النار , فأهل الجنة ميسرون لعمل أهل الجنة , وأهل النار ميسرون لعمل أهل النار " . * حدثني محمد بن عوف الطائي , قال : ثنا حيوة ويزيد , قالا : ثنا بقية , عن الزبيدي , عن راشد بن سعد , عن عبد الرحمن بن قتادة النضري , عن أبيه , عن هشام بن حكيم , عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم مثله . * حدثني أحمد بن شبوية , قال : ثنا إسحاق بن إبراهيم , قال : ثنا عمرو بن الحارث , قال : ثنا عبد الله بن مسلم , عن الزبيدي , قال : ثنا راشد بن سعد أن عبد الرحمن بن قتادة , حدثه أن أباه حدثه أن هشام بن حكيم حدثه أنه قال : أتى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم رجل فذكر مثله . * حدثنا محمد بن عوف , قال : ثني أبو صالح , قال : ثنا معاوية , عن راشد بن سعد , عن عبد الرحمن بن قتادة , عن هشام بن حكيم , عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم , بنحوه . واختلف في قوله : { شهدنا أن تقولوا يوم القيامة إنا كنا عن هذا غافلين } فقال السدي : هو خبر من الله عن نفسه وملائكته أنه جل ثناؤه قال هو وملائكته إذ أقر بنو آدم بربوبيته حين قال لهم : ألست بربكم ؟ قالوا : بلى . فتأويل الكلام على هذا التأويل : وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم , وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم ؟ قالوا : بلى. فقال الله وملائكته : شهدنا عليكم بإقراركم بأن الله ربكم كيلا تقولوا يوم القيامة إنا كنا عن هذا غافلين . وقد ذكرت الرواية عنه بذلك فيما مضى والخبر الآخر الذي روي عن عبد الله بن عمرو عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بمثل ذلك . وقال آخرون : ذلك خبر من الله عن قيل بعض بني آدم لبعض , حين أشهد الله بعضهم على بعض . وقالوا : معنى قوله : { وأشهدهم على أنفسهم } وأشهدهم بعضهم على بعض بإقرارهم بذلك , وقد ذكرت الرواية بذلك أيضا عمن قاله قبل . قال أبو جعفر : وأولى القولين في ذلك بالصواب , ما روي عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إن كان صحيحا , ولا أعلمه صحيحا ; لأن الثقات الذين يعتمد على حفظهم وإتقانهم حدثوا بهذا الحديث عن الثوري , فوقفوه على عبد الله بن عمرو ولم يرفعوه , ولم يذكروا في الحديث هذا الحرف الذي ذكره أحمد بن أبي طيبة عنه. وإن لم يكن ذلك عنه صحيحا , فالظاهر يدل على أنه خبر من الله عن قيل بني آدم بعضهم لبعض , لأنه جل ثناؤه قال : { وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم قالوا بلى شهدنا } فكأنه قيل : فقال الذين شهدوا على المقرين حين أقروا , فقالوا : بلى شهدنا عليكم بما أقررتم به على أنفسكم كيلا تقولوا يوم القيامة إنا كنا عن هذا غافلين.