Tafseer of The Heights · Al-A'raaf · 7:171
And [mention] when We raised the mountain above them as if it was a dark cloud and they were certain that it would fall upon them, [and Allah said], "Take what We have given you with determination and remember what is in it that you might fear Allah."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The statement concerning the interpretation of His word: En toen Wij de berg boven hen optilden alsof het een schaduwdak was, en zij meenden dat hij op hen zou neervallen: Neemt wat Wij jullie gegeven hebben met kracht, en gedenkt wat erin staat, opdat jullie godvrezend zullen zijn (7:171).
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose praise is mentioned, says to His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: Remember, O Muḥammad, when We tore the mountain out and raised it above the Children of Israel, as if it were a canopy of clouds, one of the shadows — and We said to them: "Take what We have given you with strength," that is, of Our obligations (farāʾiḍ) and of the rulings of Our Book that We have imposed upon you, so accept it, and act upon it with exertion in carrying it out, without negligence or sluggishness — "and remember what is in it," that is, what is in Our Book of covenants and solemn agreements that We have taken from you to act according to what is in it — "so that you may be God-fearing," that is: so that you may fear your Lord, and dread His punishment for your neglect of acting upon it, when you remember which solemn obligations He took from you therein.
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And in accordance with what we have said concerning this, the people of interpretation (ahl al-taʾwīl) have spoken.
* Mention of who said that:
15331 — Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: "And when We raised the mountain above them as if it were a canopy" — Mūsā then said to them: "Take what We have given you with strength," that is: by acting according to the Book, otherwise the mountain will fall upon you and destroy you! They said: No, we take what Allah has given us with strength! But afterwards they broke the covenant.
15332 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: ʿAbdallāh ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: "And when We raised the mountain above them as if it were a canopy" — this is His word: En Wij verhieven de berg (al-Ṭūr) boven hen vanwege hun verbond [Surah al-Nisāʾ: 154]. He then said: "Take what We have given you with strength," otherwise I will send it down upon you.
15333 — Isḥāq ibn Shāhīn related to me, saying: Khālid ibn ʿAbdallāh related to us, on the authority of Dāwūd, on the authority of ʿĀmir, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: I know best among the creatures of Allah why the Jews cast themselves to the ground on the side of their face: when the mountain was raised above them, they prostrated themselves, and they kept looking at the mountain out of fear that it would fall upon them. He said: It was a prostration (sajda) with which Allah was pleased, and they adopted it as a custom (sunna).
15334 — Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Dāwūd related to us, on the authority of ʿĀmir, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, something similar.
15335 — Bishr ibn Muʿādh related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "And when We raised the mountain above them as if it were a canopy, and they thought that it would fall upon them: Take what We have given you with strength," that is: with earnestness — "and remember what is in it, so that you may be God-fearing": a mountain that Allah tore from its foundation and which He then placed above their heads, and He said: You shall surely accept My command, or I will cast it upon you!
15336 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, saying: Ibn Jurayj said: Mujāhid said: "And when We raised up the mountain (nataqnā)," he said: as one shakes out the butter (zubda) — Ibn Jurayj said: they had refused to accept the Torah or to believe in it — "Take what We have given you with strength," he said: this means: you shall surely believe in the Torah and accept it, or it will fall upon you.
15337 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh, who said: This is the Book of Allah, will you accept it with what is in it? For in it is the exposition of what is permitted to you and what is forbidden to you, and what He has commanded you and what He has forbidden you! They said: Spread out for us what is in it, for if its obligations are light and its prescribed punishments (ḥudūd) slight, then we will accept it! He said: Accept it with what is in it! They said: No, until we know what is in it, how its prescribed punishments and obligations are! And they turned repeatedly to Mūsā, whereupon Allah revealed to the mountain, and it tore itself loose and rose into the sky, until — when it was between their heads and the sky — it spoke to them. Mūsā said to them: Do you not see what my Lord says? "If you do not accept the Torah with what is in it, I will surely cast this mountain upon you." He said: Al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī related to me, saying: When they looked at the mountain, every man cast himself down upon his left eyebrow, while looking at the mountain with his right eye, out of fear that it would fall upon him. Therefore there is no Jew on earth who prostrates himself except upon his left eyebrow, while they say: This is the prostration by which the punishment was averted from us — Abū Bakr said: And when he unfolded the tablets upon which was the Book of Allah, which He had written with His own hand, there remained on the face of the earth no mountain, no tree, and no stone but it trembled. Therefore today there is no Jew on the face of the earth, small or great, to whom the Torah is recited but he trembles and shakes his head at it.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: The scholars of the Arabic language differed concerning the meaning of His word "nataqnā" (We raised up).
Some of the Basran scholars said: the meaning of "nataqnā" is: We raised up, and as evidence the verse of al-ʿAjjāj was cited:
"He raises (yantuqu) the saddle-bows of the saddle-pad with a raising (natqan)"
And he said: by his word "yantuqu" he means: he raises them from his back. And the word of another was cited:
"And they raised up (nataqū) our minds, the weighty ones"
And from the one who made this statement another statement is also related, namely that the root meaning of "al-natq" and "al-nutūq" is everything that you tear from its place and cast away; one says of this: "nataqtu natqan." He said: and therefore a woman who bears many [children] was called "nātiq," because she as it were throws (ramyan) her children. And the verse of al-Nābigha was cited:
"The good sustenance was not withheld from them, and their mother has brought it forth abundantly for you from a womb that bears sons in abundance"
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And another said: its meaning in this place is: We raised it up. He said: one says: "nataqanī al-sayr": the journey shook me to and fro. And he said: one says: "mā nataqa bi-rijlihi lā yarkuḍu" (he did not move with his foot, he does not run), and "al-natq" is the shaking of the mount with its rider when it runs hard with him and tires him until he becomes exhausted; that is "al-natq" and "al-nutūq," and "nataqatnī al-dābba" (the mount shook me to and fro), and "nataqat al-marʾa tantuqu nutūqan": her children became numerous.
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And some of the Kūfan scholars said: "nataqnā al-jabal" means: We suspended the mountain above them and raised it up, "nantuquhu natqan," and "imraʾa mintāq": a woman who bears many children. He said: and I have heard: "akhadha al-jirāb fa-nataqa mā fīhi" (he took the travel-bag and shook out what was in it), when one scatters out what was in it.