Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: these hypocrites (munāfiqūn), whose characteristic He has described earlier, say: لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ ("If we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it"). And by "the mightiest" he means: the strongest and the most powerful. Allah, mighty is His praise, says: وَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ ("And to Allah belongs might"), that is to say: power and strength, وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ("and to His Messenger and to the believers") in Allah, وَلَكِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لا يَعْلَمُونَ ("but the hypocrites do not know").

   And it has been mentioned that the occasion on which this was said by ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy lay in this, that a man of the Emigrants (muhājirūn) kicked a man of the Helpers (anṣār) with his foot.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Muḥammad ibn Maʿmar related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀmir related to us, saying: Zamʿa related to us, on the authority of ʿAmr, who said: I heard Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh say: the Helpers were more numerous than the Emigrants, then the Emigrants increased in number, and they set out on a military expedition (ghazwah) of theirs; then a man of the Emigrants kicked a man of the Helpers with his foot. He said: and a fight arose between the two of them, until he cried out: "O company of the Helpers!" and the Emigrant cried out: "O company of the Emigrants!" He said: and that reached the Prophet ﷺ, and he said: "What is the matter with you and the call of the age of ignorance (jāhiliyyah)?" They said: a man of the Emigrants kicked a man of the Helpers. He said: then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Leave it, for it is a stinking matter." He said: then ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl said: "If we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it." Then ʿUmar said: "O Messenger of Allah, let me kill him." He said: then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "People shall not relate that the Messenger of Allah kills his companions."

   Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: يَقُولُونَ لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ("They say: If we return to Medina …") up to وَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ وَلِرَسُولِهِ ("And to Allah belongs might and to His Messenger"). He said: that was said by ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl al-Anṣārī, the chief of the hypocrites, and a number of people with him from the hypocrites.

   Aḥmad ibn Manṣūr al-Ramādī related to me, saying: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ḥakam related to us, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of ʿIkrima, that ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl was called Ḥubāb, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ named him ʿAbd Allāh. He said: "O Messenger of Allah, my father causes harm to Allah and His Messenger; permit me to kill him." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: "Do not kill your father, ʿAbd Allāh." Then he came again and said: "O Messenger of Allah, my father causes harm to Allah and His Messenger; permit me to kill him." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: "Do not kill your father." He said: "O Messenger of Allah, then perform the ritual ablution, so that I may give him to drink of your ablution water; perhaps his heart will soften." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the ritual ablution and gave him (the water); he brought it to his father and gave him to drink. Then he said to him: "Do you know what I have given you to drink?" His father said to him: "Yes, you have given me to drink of the urine of your mother." His son said to him: "No, by Allah, but I have given you to drink of the ablution water of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." ʿIkrima said: and ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy had great standing among them. And concerning them this verse about the hypocrites was sent down: هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَى مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يَنْفَضُّوا ("They are the ones who say: Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah, until they disperse"). And it was he who said: لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ ("If we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it"). He said: and when they reached Medina, the city of the Messenger ﷺ and those who were with him, his son took the sword and then said to his father: "You claim: 'If we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it.' By Allah, you shall not enter it until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gives you permission."

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Wāḍiḥ related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, on the authority of Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh, that a man of the Emigrants kicked a man of the Helpers with his foot — and that was, among the people of Yemen, a grave thing — whereupon he called the Emigrants: "O Emigrants!" and the Helpers called: "O Helpers!" He said: and the Emigrants on that day were more numerous than the Helpers. Then the Prophet ﷺ said: "Leave it, for it is a stinking matter." Then ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl said: "If we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it."

   ʿImrān ibn Bakkār al-Kalāʿī related to me, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Wāḍiḥ related to us, saying: ʿAlī ibn Sulaymān related to us, saying: Abū Isḥāq related to us, that Zayd ibn Arqam informed him that ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl said: لا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَى مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يَنْفَضُّوا ("Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah, until they disperse"), and he said: لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ ("If we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it"). He said: Zayd related to me that he informed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ of the word of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy. He said: then ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy came and swore to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he had not said that. Abū Isḥāq said: then Zayd said to me: I sat in my house, until Allah sent down the confirmation of Zayd and the giving-the-lie to ʿAbd Allāh in إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ ("When the hypocrites come to you").

   Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ ("If we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it") — he recited the whole verse up to لا يَعْلَمُونَ ("they do not know"). He said: a hypocrite of great hypocrisy said this on account of two men who fought with each other, the one a Ghifārī and the other a Juhanī, and the Ghifārī gained the upper hand over the Juhanī; and there existed between the tribe of Juhayna and the Helpers an alliance. Then a man of the hypocrites, and that was Ibn Ubayy, said: "O sons of al-Aws, O sons of al-Khazraj, support your companion and ally." Then he said: "By Allah, our likeness and the likeness of Muḥammad is nothing but as the sayer said: 'Fatten your dog and it will eat you.' By Allah, if we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it." Then one of them conveyed this to the Prophet of Allah ﷺ, whereupon ʿUmar said: "O Prophet of Allah, command Muʿādh ibn Jabal to strike off the neck of this hypocrite." He said: "People shall not relate that Muḥammad kills his companions."

   It has been mentioned to us that much evil was related to him about a man of the hypocrites, whereupon he said: "Does he pray?" They said: "Yes, but there is no good in his prayer." Then he said: "I have been forbidden (to kill) those who pray, I have been forbidden (to kill) those who pray."

   Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, who said: two men fought with each other, the one of Juhayna and the other of Ghifār, and Juhayna was an ally of the Helpers; then the Ghifārī gained the upper hand over him. Then a man of them with great hypocrisy said: "Support your companion, support your companion. By Allah, our likeness and the likeness of Muḥammad is nothing but as the sayer said: 'Fatten your dog and it will eat you.' Indeed, by Allah, if we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it." And they were on a journey. Then a man who had heard it came to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him of that. Then ʿUmar said: "Command Muʿādh to strike off his neck." He said: "By Allah, people shall not relate that Muḥammad kills his companions." Then there was sent down concerning them: هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَى مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ("They are the ones who say: Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah").

   And His word: لئن رجعنا إلى المدينة ليخرجن الأعز منها الأذل ("If we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it"). Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, that a boy came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I heard ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy say such and such." He said: "Perhaps you are angry with him?" He said: "No, by Allah, I truly heard him say it." He said: "Perhaps your hearing erred?" He said: "No, by Allah, O Prophet of Allah, I truly heard him say it." He said: "Perhaps it appeared wrongly to you?" He said: "No, by Allah." He said: then Allah sent down in confirmation of the boy: لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ ("If we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it"). Then the Prophet ﷺ took hold of the boy's ear and said: "Your ear has been faithful, your ear has been faithful, O boy."

   Yūnus related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning the word of Allah لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ ("the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it"): the hypocrites used to call the Emigrants "the cloak-people" (al-jalābīb). And he said: Ibn Ubayy said: "I have given you my command concerning these cloak-people." He said: this was between Amaj and ʿUsfān, at al-Kadīd; they disputed over the water, and the Emigrants had gained the upper hand over the water. He said: and Ibn Ubayy also said: "Indeed, by Allah, if we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it. I told you indeed: spend nothing on them; if you had left them alone, they would have found nothing to eat, and they would depart and flee away." Then ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb went to the Prophet ﷺ and said: "O Messenger of Allah, do you not hear what Ibn Ubayy says?" He said: "And what then?" Then he informed him of it and said: "Permit me to strike off his neck, O Messenger of Allah." He said: "Then many noses in Yathrib would tremble for him." ʿUmar said: "If you find it disagreeable, O Messenger of Allah, that a man of the Emigrants should kill him, then command Saʿd ibn Muʿādh and Muḥammad ibn Maslama, that they may kill him." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I find it disagreeable that people should relate that Muḥammad kills his companions. Call for me ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy." Then he called him and said: "Do you not see what your father says?" He said: "And what does he say, may my father and my mother be given for you?" He said: "He says: If we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it." Then he said: "He has, by Allah, spoken the truth, O Messenger of Allah: you are, by Allah, the mightiest, and he is the lowliest. Indeed, by Allah, you have arrived in Medina, O Messenger of Allah, while the people of Yathrib know that there is none in it more devoted to his father than I; and if it pleases Allah and His Messenger that I bring them his head, I will surely bring it to them." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "No." And when they arrived in Medina, ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy stood with the sword at its gate, before his father, and then said: "You are the one who said: If we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it. Indeed, by Allah, you shall surely come to know whether the might belongs to you or to the Messenger of Allah. By Allah, his shade shall never shelter you, nor shall you ever enter it, except with the permission of Allah and His Messenger." Then he said: "O Khazraj, my son refuses me my own house! O Khazraj, my son refuses me my own house!" He said: "By Allah, you shall never enter it, except with His permission." Then men gathered around him and spoke with him, but he said: "By Allah, he shall not enter it, except with the permission of Allah and His Messenger." Then they went to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him of that. He said: "Go to him and say to him: Let him be, and his dwelling." Then they went to him, and he said: "Well then, now that the command of the Prophet ﷺ has come, then good."

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama and ʿAlī ibn Mujāhid related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, on the authority of ʿĀṣim ibn ʿUmar ibn Qatāda, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Bakr, and on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā ibn Ḥabbān, who said: each of them related to me a part of the story of the Banū al-Muṣṭaliq. They said: it reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that the Banū al-Muṣṭaliq were gathering against him, and their leader was al-Ḥārith ibn Abī Ḍirār, the father of Juwayriya bint al-Ḥārith, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard of them, he set out against them, until he came upon them at one of their watering places, called al-Muraysīʿ, in the direction of Qudayd toward the coast. The people advanced upon each other and fought, and Allah defeated the Banū al-Muṣṭaliq, and whoever of them was killed was killed; and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took their children, their women, and their possessions as spoils, and Allah gave him those as war booty (fayʾ). And there had been struck a man of the Banū Kalb ibn ʿAwf ibn ʿĀmir ibn Layth ibn Bakr, called Hishām ibn Ṣubāba; a man of the Helpers, from the group of ʿUbāda ibn al-Ṣāmit, struck him, thinking that he was of the enemy, and killed him by mistake. While the people were at that water, a group of people went down to fetch water, and with ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb was a hireling of his from the Banū Ghifār, called Jahjāh ibn Saʿīd (1), who led his horse. Jahjāh and Sinān al-Juhanī, the ally of the Banū ʿAwf ibn al-Khazraj, jostled each other at the water and fought. Then the Juhanī cried out: "O company of the Helpers!" and Jahjāh cried out: "O company of the Emigrants!" Then ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl became angry, and with him was a group of his tribe, among whom was Zayd ibn Arqam, a boy of young age, and he said: "Have they done that? They have turned against us and outnumbered us in our own land. By Allah, we and these cloak-people of Quraysh are nothing but as the sayer said: 'Fatten your dog and it will eat you.' Indeed, by Allah, if we return to Medina, the mightiest will surely drive out the lowliest from it." Then he turned to whoever of his tribe was present, and said: "This is what you have done to yourselves: you have settled them in your land and shared your possessions with them. Indeed, by Allah, if you had held fast to what is in your hands, they would have departed to a land other than yours." Then Zayd ibn Arqam heard that and went with it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ — and that was at the end of the Messenger of Allah's ﷺ expedition — and reported the report, while ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb was with him. Then he said: "O Messenger of Allah, command ʿAbbād ibn Bishr ibn Waqsh to kill him." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "And how then, O ʿUmar, when people relate that Muḥammad kills his companions? No, but give the command to depart." And that was at an hour at which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would not usually depart. Then the people departed. And ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy had gone to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when it reached him that Zayd ibn Arqam had conveyed what he had heard from him, and he swore by Allah that he had not said what he had said, and that he had not uttered it. And ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy was among his tribe a noble and eminent man. Then those of the Helpers who were present with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ of his companions said: "O Messenger of Allah, perhaps the boy erred in his account and did not retain what the man said" — out of affection for ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy and in defense of him. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ rose and set forth, Usayd ibn Ḥuḍayr met him, greeted him with the greeting of prophethood and saluted him, and then said: "O Messenger of Allah, you have departed at an unusual hour, at which you would not usually depart." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Has it not reached you what your companion has said?" He said: "Which companion, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy." He said: "And what has he said?" He said: "He claimed that, if he returns to Medina, the mightiest will drive out the lowliest from it." Usayd said: "Then it is you, by Allah, O Messenger of Allah, who will drive him out, if you wish; he is, by Allah, the lowly and you are the mighty." Then he said: "O Messenger of Allah, be gentle with him, for by Allah, Allah brought you while his tribe were already stringing beads for him to crown him; therefore he supposes that you have stripped him of a kingship." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched with the people that day until the evening fell, and through their night until it became morning, and the first part of that day until the sun afflicted them; then he made the people halt. And as soon as they felt the touch of the ground, they fell asleep. And he did that only to distract the people from the conversation that had taken place the previous day, the conversation of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy. Then he marched with the people and followed the Ḥijāz road, until he halted at a water in the Ḥijāz, just above al-Naqīʿ, called Naqʿāʾ. And when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched forth, there blew over the people a violent wind that afflicted them and that they feared. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Fear not, for it has only arisen because of the death of a great man, one of the great ones of the unbelievers (kuffār)." And when they arrived in Medina, they found that Rifāʿa ibn Zayd ibn al-Tābūt, one of the Banū Qaynuqāʿ — and he was one of the great ones of the Jews and a refuge for the hypocrites — had died on that day. Then the soera was sent down in which Allah mentioned the hypocrites, with respect to ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl and whoever was with him of the like disposition as he; and He said: إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ ("When the hypocrites come to you"). And when this soera was sent down, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took hold of the ear of Zayd and said: "This is the one whose ear Allah has made faithful." And ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy was informed of what had issued from his father.

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq related to me, on the authority of ʿĀṣim ibn ʿUmar ibn Qatāda, that ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: "O Messenger of Allah, it has reached me that you wish to kill ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy for what you have been informed about him. If you do that, then command me with him, and I will bring you his head. For by Allah, the Khazraj know that there is among them no man more devoted to his father than I; and I fear that you will charge another than me with him, and that he will kill him, and that my soul will not allow me to see the killer of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy walking among the people, so that I kill him, and thus kill a believer for an unbeliever, and so enter the Fire (al-nār)." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "No, rather we will be gentle with him and deal well with him as long as he remains with us." And after that day, whenever he committed some misdeed, it was his own tribesmen who reproached him, took him to task, dealt harshly with him, and threatened him. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, when it reached him from them concerning their conduct: "How do you see it now, O ʿUmar? Indeed, by Allah, if I had killed him on the day on which you commanded me to kill him, noses would have trembled for him; if I were to command today that he be killed, they would kill him." He said: then ʿUmar said: "I have, by Allah, come to know that the command of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is of greater blessing than my command."

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   Footnotes:

   (1) What is in the Sīra of Ibn Hishām is "Ibn Masʿūd".

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   يقول تعالى ذكره: يقول هؤلاء المنافقون الذين وَصف صفتهم قبل ( لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ ) فيها، ويعني بالأعزّ: الأشدّ والأقوى، قال الله جلّ ثناؤه: ( وَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ ) يعني : الشدة والقوة ( وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ) بالله ( وَلَكِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لا يَعْلَمُونَ ) ذلك. وذُكر أن سبب قيل ذلك عبدُ الله بن أُبي كان من أجل أن رجلا من المهاجرين كَسَعَ رجلا من الأنصار. * ذكر من قال ذلك : حدثني محمد بن معمر، قال: ثنا أَبو عامر، قال: ثنا زَمْعة ، عن عمرو، قال: سمعت جابر بن عبد الله، قال: إن الأنصار كانوا أكثر من المهاجرين، ثم إن المهاجرين كثروا فخرجوا في غزوة لهم، فكسع رجل من المهاجرين رجلا من الأنصار، قال: فكان بينهما قتال إلى أن صرخ: يا معشر الأنصار، وصرخ المهاجر: يا معشر المهاجرين؛ قال: فبلغ ذلك النبي صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فقال: " مَا لَكُمْ وَلِدعْوةِ الجَاهِلِيَّةِ؟" فقالوا: كسع رجل من المهاجرين رجلا من الأنصار ، قال: فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " دَعُوهَا فِإنَّهَا مُنْتِنَةٌ"، قال: فقال عبد الله بن أُبي ابن سلول: لئن رجعنا إلى المدينة ليخرجنّ الأعز منها الأذلّ، فقال عمر: يا رسول الله دعني فأقتله، قال: فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " لا يَتَحَدَّثُ النَّاسُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ يَقْتُلُ أَصْحَابَهُ". حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال : ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس، قوله: ( يَقُولُونَ لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ) ... إلى ( وَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ وَلِرَسُولِهِ ) قال: قال ذلك عبد الله بن أُبيّ ابن سلول الأنصاري رأس المنافقين، وناس معه من المنافقين. حدثني أحمد بن منصور الرمادي قال: ثنا إبراهيم بن الحكم قال: ثني أَبي عن عكرمة أن عبد الله بن عبد الله بن أُبيّ ابن سلول كان يقال له حباب، فسماه رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم عبد الله، فقال: يا رسول الله إن والدي يؤذي الله ورسوله، فذرني حتى أقتله ، فقال له رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " لا تَقْتُلْ أبَاكَ عَبْدَ اللهِ"، ثم جاء أيضًا فقال: يا رسول الله إن والدي يؤذي الله ورسوله، فذرني حتى أقتله ، فقال له رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: لا تَقْتُلْ أباك "، فقال: يا رسول الله فتوضأ حتى أسقيه من وضوئك لعلّ قلبه أن يلين، فتوضأ رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم فأعطاه، فذهب به إلى أبيه فسقاه، ثم قال له: هل تدري ما سقيتك؟ فقال له والده نعم، سقيتني بول أمك، فقال له ابنه: لا والله، ولكن سقيتك وضوء رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم؛ قال عكرمة: وكان عبد الله بن أُبيّ عظيم الشأن فيهم. وفيهم أنـزلت هذه الآية في المنافقين: هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَى مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يَنْفَضُّوا وهو الذي قال: ( لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ ) قال : فلما بلغوا المدينة، مدينة الرسول صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم ومن معه، أخذ ابنه السيف ، ثم قال لوالده: أنت تزعم " لئن رجعنا إلى المدينة ليخرجنّ الأعز منها الأذلّ"، فوالله لا تدخلها حتى يأذن لك رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم. حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا يحيى بن واضح، قال: ثنا الحسين، عن عمرو بن دينار، عن جابر بن عبد الله أن رجلا من المهاجرين كسع رجلا من الأنصار برجله وذلك في أهل اليمن شديد فنادى المهاجرين يا للمهاجرين، ونادى الأنصار يا للأنصار؛ قال: والمهاجرون يومئذ أكثر من الأنصار، فقال النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " دعوهَا فَإنَّهَا مُنْتِنَةٌ"، فقال عبد الله بن أُبيّ ابن سلول " لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأَعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأَذَلَّ". حدثني عمران بن بكار الكلاعيّ، قال: ثنا يحيى بن واضح، قال: ثنا عليّ بن سليمان، قال : ثنا أبو إسحاق، أن زيد بن أرقم، أخبره أن عبد الله بن أُبيّ ابن سلول قال لا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَى مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يَنْفَضُّوا وقال: ( لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ ) قال: فحدثني زيد أنه أخبر رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم بقول عبد الله بن أُبيّ، قال: فجاء فحلف عبد الله بن أُبي لرسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم ما قال ذلك؛ قال أبو إسحاق: فقال لي زيد، فجلست في بيتي، حتى أنـزل الله تصديق زيد، وتكذيب عبد الله في إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ . حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: ( لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ ) قرأ الآية كلها إلى ( لا يَعْلَمُونَ ) قال: قد قالها منافق عظيم النفاق في رجلين اقتتلا أحدهما غفاريّ، والآخر جُهَنِيّ، فظهر الغفاريّ على الجُهنيّ، وكان بين جُهينة والأنصار حلف، فقال رجل من المنافقين وهو ابن أُبيَ: يا بني الأوس، يا بني الخزرج، عليكم صاحبكم وحليفكم، ثم قال: والله ما مثلنا ومَثَلَ محمد إلا كما قال القائل: " سمِّن كلبك يأكْلك "، والله لئن رجعنا إلى المدينة ليخرجنّ الأعزّ منها الأذلّ، فسعى بها بعضهم إلى نبيّ الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فقال عمر: يا نبيّ الله مُر معاذ بن جبل أن يضرب عنق هذا المنافق، فقال: " لا يتحدّثُ النَّاسُ أَنَّ مُحَمَدًا يَقْتُلُ أصحَابَهُ". ذُكر لنا أنه كان أُكثِر على رجل من المنافقين عنده، فقال: هل يصلي؟ فقال: نعم ولا خير في صلاته، فقال: نُهيت عن المصلين، نُهيت عن المصلين. حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة، قال: اقتتل رجلان، أحدهما من جُهينة، والآخر من غفار، وكانت جهينة حليف الأنصار، فظهر عليه الغفاريّ، فقال رجل منهم عظيم النفاق: عليكم صاحبكم، عليكم صاحبكم، فوالله ما مَثلنا ومَثَل محمد إلا كما قال القائل: " سمّن كلبك يأكلك "، أما والله لئن رجعنا إلى المدينة ليخرجنّ الأعزّ منها الأذلّ وهم في سفر، فجاء رجل ممن سمعه إلى النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فأخبره ذلك، فقال عمر: مُر معاذا يضرب عنقه، فقال: " وَالله لا يتَحَدَّثُ النَّاسُ أنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يَقْتُلُ أَصْحَابَهُ"، فنـزلت فيهم: هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَى مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وقوله: ( لئن رجعنا إلى المدينة ليخرجن الأعز منها الأذل ). حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن الحسن " أن غلامًا جاء إلى النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فقال: يا رسول الله إني سمعت عبد الله بن أُبيّ يقول كذا وكذا؛ قال: " فَلَعَلَّكَ غَضِبْتَ عَلَيْهِ؟" قال: لا والله لقد سمعته يقوله؛ قال: " فَلَعَلَّكَ أَخْطَأَ سَمعكَ؟" قال: لا والله يا نبيّ الله لقد سمعته يقوله قال: فَلَعَلَّهُ شُبِّهَ عَلَيْكَ"، قال: لا والله، قال: فأنـزل الله تصديقًا للغلام ( لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ ) فأخذ النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم بأذن الغلام، فقال: " وَفَتْ أُذُنُكَ، وَفَتْ أُذُنُكَ يَا غُلامُ". حدثنا يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال، قال ابن زيد، في قول الله ( لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ ) قال: كان المنافقون يسمون المهاجرين: الجلابيب؛ وقال: قال ابن أُبي: قد أمرتكم في هؤلاء الجلابيب أمري، قال: هذا بين أمَجٍ وعسفان على الكديد تنازعوا على الماء، وكان المهاجرون قد غلبوا على الماء؛ قال: وقال ابن أُبيّ أيضًا: أما والله لئن رجعنا إلى المدينة ليخرجنّ الأعز منها الأذلَّ لقد قلت لكم: لا تنفقوا عليهم، لو تركتموهم ما وجدوا ما يأكلون، ويخرجوا ويهربوا؛ فأتى عمر بن الخطاب إلى النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم فقال: يا رسول الله ألا تسمع ما يقول ابن أُبيّ؟ قال: وما ذاك؟ فأخبره وقال: دعني أضرب عنقه يا رسول الله، قال: " إذًا تَرْعَدُ لَهُ آنُفٌ كَثِيرَةٌ بِيَثْرِبَ" قال عمر: فإن كرهت يا رسول الله أن يقتله رجل من المهاجرين، فمرّ به سعد بن معاذ، ومحمد بن مسلمة فيقتلانه فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " إِني أَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَتَحَدَّثُ النَّاسُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يَقْتُلُ أَصْحَابَهُ، ادْعُوا لِي عَبْدَ اللهِ بنَ عَبدِ اللهِ بن أُبَيّ"، فدعاه، فقال: " ألا تَرَى ما يَقُولُ أَبُوكَ؟" قال: وما يقول بأبي أنت وأمي؟ قال: " يَقُولُ لَئِن رَجَعْنَا إلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ"؛ فقال: فقد صدق والله يا رسول الله، أنت والله الأعزُّ وهو الأذلُّ، أما والله لقد قَدِمت المدينة يا رسول الله، وإن أهل يثرب ليعلمون ما بها أحد أبرّ مني، ولئن كان يرضى الله ورسوله أن آتيهما برأسه لآتِيَنَّهما به ، فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: لا؛ فلما قدموا المدينة، قام عبد الله بن عبد الله بن أُبيّ على بابها بالسيف لأبيه؛ ثم قال: أنت القائل : لئن رجعنا إلى المدينة ليخرجن الأعزّ منها الأذلّ، أما والله لتعرفنّ العزة لك أو لرسول الله، والله لا يأويك ظله، ولا تأويه أبدًا إلا بإذن من الله ورسوله؛ فقال: يا للخزرج ابني يمنعني بيتي، يا للخزرج ابني يمنعني بيتي، فقال: والله لا تأويه أبدًا إلا بإذن منه؛ فاجتمع إليه رجال فكلموه، فقال: والله لا يدخله إلا بإذن من الله ورسوله، فأتوا النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم فأخبروه، فقال: " اذْهَبُوا إلَيْهِ، فَقُولُوا لَهُ خَلِّهِ وَمَسْكَنَهُ"؛ فأتوه، فقال: أما إذا جاء أمر النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم فنعم ". حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا سَلَمَة وعليّ بن مجاهد، عن محمد بن إسحاق، عن عاصم بن عمر بن قتادة، عن عبد الله بن أبي بكر، وعن محمد بن يحيى بن حبان، قال: كلّ قد حدثني بعض حديث بني المصطلق، قالوا: " بلغ رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم أن بني المصطلق يجمعون له، وقائدهم الحارث بن أبي ضرار أَبو جويرية بنت الحارث زوج النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم؛ فلما سمع بهم رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، خرج إليهم حتى لقيهم على ماء من مياههم يقال له المريسيع من ناحية قديد إلى الساحل، فتزاحف الناس فاقتتلوا، فهزم الله بني المصطلق، وقُتِل من قُتل منهم، ونفل رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم أبناءهم ونساءهم وأموالهم، فأفاءهم الله عليه، وقد أصيب رجل من بني كلب بن عوف بن عامر بن ليث بن بكر، يقال له هشام بن صبابة أصابه رجل من الأنصار من رهط عبادة بن الصامت، وهو يرى أنه من العدوّ، فقتله خطأ، فبينا الناس على ذلك الماء وردت واردة الناس ومع عمر بن الخطاب أجير له من بني غفار يقال له جَهْجَاه بن سعيد (1) يقود له فرسه، فازدحم جَهْجاه وسنان الجُهْنِيُّ حليف بني عوف بن الخزرج على الماء فاقتتلا فصرخ الجهنيّ: يا معشر الأنصار. وصرخ جهجاه: يا معشر المهاجرين، فغضب عبد الله بن أُبيّ ابن سلول، وعنده رهط من قومه فيهم زيد بن أرقم، غلام حديث السنّ، فقال: قد فعلوها؟ قد نافرونا وكاثرونا في بلادنا، والله ما أعُدّنا وجلابيب قريش هذه إلا كما قال القائل: " سمّن كلبك يأكلك "، أما والله لئن رجعنا إلى المدينة ليخرجنّ الأعز منها الأذلّ؛ ثم أقبل على من حضر من قومه، فقال: هذا ما فعلتم بأنفسكم أحللتموهم بلادكم، وقاسمتموهم أموالكم، أما والله لو أمسكتم عنهم ما بأيديكم لتحوّلوا إلى غير بلادكم؛ فسمع ذلك زيد بن أرقم فمشى به إلى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم ، وذلك عند فراغ رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم من غزوه، فأخبر الخبر وعنده عمر بن الخطاب فقال: يا رسول الله مُر به عباد بن بشر بن وقش فليقتله، فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " فَكَيْفَ يَا عُمَرْ إذَا تَحَدَّثَ النَّاسُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يَقْتُلُ أَصْحَابَهُ، لا وَلَكِنْ أَذَّنْ بالرَّحِيلِ"، وذلك في ساعة لم يكن رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم يرتحل فيها، فارتحل الناس، وقد مشى عبد الله بن أُبيّ إلى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم حين بلغه أن زيد بن أرقم قد بلغه ما سمع منه، فحلف بالله ما قلت ما قال، ولا تكلمت به؛ وكان عبد الله بن أُبيّ في قومه شريفًا عظيمًا، فقال من حضر رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم من أصحابه من الأنصار: يا رسول الله عسى أن يكون الغلام أوهم في حديثه، ولم يحفظ ما قال الرجل، حدبًا على عبد الله بن أُبيّ، ودفعًا عنه؛ فلما استقلّ رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم وسار، لقيه أسيد بن حضير، فحياه بتحية النبوّة وسلم عليه، ثم قال: يا رسول الله لقد رُحت في ساعة منكرة ما كنت تروح فيها، فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم : " أَوَمَا بَلَغَكَ مَا قَال صَاحِبُكُمْ؟" قال: فأيّ صاحب يا رسول الله؟ قالَ: " عَبْدُ اللهِ بِنُ أُبَيّ"، قال: وما قال؟ قال: " زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ إنْ رَجَعَ إلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَخْرَجَ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَل "؛ قال أسيد: فأنت والله يا رسول الله تخرجه إن شئت، هو والله الذليل وأنت العزيز؛ ثم قال: يا رسول الله ارفق به، فوالله لقد جاء الله بك وإن قومه لينظمون له الخرز ليتوّجوه، فإنه ليرى أنك قد استلبته مُلكًا، ثم مشى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم بالناس يومهم ذلك حتى أمسى، وليلتهم حتى أصبح، وصدر يومهم ذلك حتى آذتهم الشمس، ثم نـزل بالناس، فلم يكن إلا أن وجدوا مس الأرض وقعوا نيامًا، وإنما فعل ذلك ليشغل الناس عن الحديث الذي كان بالأمس من حديث عبد الله بن أُبيّ. ثم راح بالناس وسلك الحجاز حتى نـزل على ماء بالحجاز فُويق النقيع، يقال له نقعاء؛ فلما راح رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم هَبَّت على الناس ريح شديدة آذتهم وتخوّفوها، فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " لا تَخَافُوا فإنَّمَا هَبَّتْ لِمَوْتَ عَظِيمٍ مَنْ عُظَمَاءِ الْكُفَارِ"؛ فلما قَدِموا المدينة وجدوا رفاعة بن زيد بن التابوت أحد بني قينقاع وكان من عظماء يهود، وكهفًا للمنافقين قد مات ذلك اليوم، فنـزلت السورة التي ذكر الله فيها المنافقين في عبد الله بن أبيّ ابن سلول، ومن كان معه على مثل أمره ، فقال: إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ فلما نـزلت هذه السورة أخذ رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم بأذن زيد فقال: " هَذَا الَّذِي أَوْفى الله بأذنه "، وبلغ عبد الله بن عبد الله بن أُبيّ الذي كان من أبيه. حدثنا ابن حُمَيد، قال: ثنا سلمة، قال: ثني محمد بن إسحاق، عن عاصم بن عمر بن قتادة " أن عبد الله بن عبد الله بن أُبي أتى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم فقال: يا رسول الله إنه بلغني أنك تريد قتل عبد الله بن أُبي فيما بلغك عنه، فإن كنت فاعلا فمرني به فأنا أحمل إليك رأسه، فوالله لقد علمت الخزرج ما كان فيها رجل أبرّ بوالده مني، وإني أخشى أن تأمر به غيره فيقتله، فلا تدعني نفسي أن أنظر إلى قاتل عبد الله بن أُبيّ يمشي في الناس فأقتلَه، فأقتل مؤمنًا بكافر، فأدخلَ النارَ؛ فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " بَلْ نَرْفُقْ بِهِ وَنُحِسنْ صُحْبَتَهُ مَا بَقِيَ مَعَنَا "، وجعل بعد ذلك اليوم إذا أحدث الحدث كان قومه هم الذين يعاتبونه، ويأخذونه ويعنفونه ويتوعدونه، فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم لعمر بن الخطاب حين بلغه ذلك عنهم من شأنهم: " كَيْفَ تَرَى يا عُمَرُ، أما واللهِ لَوْ قَتَلْتُهُ يَوْمَ أَمَرْتَنِي بِقَتْلِهِ لأرْعَدَتْ لَهُ آنُفٌ، لَوْ أَمَرْتَهَا الْيَوْمَ بِقَتْلِهِ لَقَتَلْتَهُ"؛ قال: فقال عمر: قد والله علمت لأمرُ رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم أعظم بركة من أمري. ------------------------ الهوامش: (1) الذي في سيرة ابن هشام ابن مسعود