Tafseer of The Ranks · As-Saff · 61:2
O you who have believed, why do you say what you do not do?
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
And His words: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ (O you who believe, why do you say what you do not do?) The Exalted, whose praise is sublime, says: O you who believe, who hold Allah and His Messenger to be true, why do you utter the word that you do not confirm by deeds, so that your deeds contradict your words? كَبُرَ مَقْتًا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ (It is a great cause of abhorrence (maqt) with Allah that you say what you do not do.) He says: great with your Lord, as a cause of abhorrence, is your uttering of what you do not do.
The people of interpretation (ahl al-taʾwīl) differed concerning the occasion for which this verse was revealed. Some of them said: it was revealed as a rebuke from Allah toward a group of believers who longed to know the best of deeds; and when Allah had made it known to them and they knew it, they fell short, and so they were rebuked with this verse.
* Mention of those who said that:
ʿAlī related to me, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His words: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ (O you who believe, why do you say what you do not do?) he said: there were people among the believers who, before the struggle (jihād) had been made obligatory, said: we would like Allah to point out to us the deed most beloved to Him, so that we might perform it. Then Allah informed His Prophet that the deed most beloved to Him is an undoubting faith in Allah, and the fighting of the people of disobedience to Him who opposed the faith and did not acknowledge it. But when the struggle (jihād) was imposed, some of the believers were averse to it and the command weighed heavily upon them. Thereupon Allah said: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ (O you who believe, why do you say what you do not do?)
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His words: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ كَبُرَ مَقْتًا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ (O you who believe, why do you say what you do not do? It is a great cause of abhorrence with Allah that you say what you do not do.) he said: there were people who said: by Allah, if we knew which deed Allah loves most, we would perform it. Thereupon Allah revealed to His Prophet ﷺ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ كَبُرَ مَقْتًا (O you who believe, why do you say what you do not do? It is a great cause of abhorrence) ... up to His words: بُنْيَانٌ مَرْصُوصٌ (a firmly compacted structure), and thus He pointed out to them the deed most beloved to Him.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Jaḥāda, on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ, he said: they said: if only we knew which deed is most beloved to Allah and best. Thereupon was revealed: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى تِجَارَةٍ تُنْجِيكُمْ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ (O you who believe, shall I point you to a commerce that will save you from a painful punishment?) and they were averse to it, whereupon was revealed: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ (O you who believe, why do you say what you do not do?)
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us, both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the words of Allah: لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ (why do you say what you do not do?) ... up to His words: مَرْصُوصٌ (firmly compacted), in what lies between them: this was about a group of men of the Anṣār, among whom was ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rawāḥa. They said in a gathering: if we knew which deed is most beloved to Allah, we would perform it until we die. Thereupon Allah revealed this concerning them, whereupon ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rawāḥa said: I will devote myself unceasingly to the cause of Allah until I die — and he was killed as a martyr.
Others said: no, this verse was revealed as a rebuke of a group of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; one of them boasted of a good deed that he had not performed, saying: I have done this and that. Then Allah rebuked them for their boasting, lying, about what they had not done.
* Mention of those who said that:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His words: لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ (why do you say what you do not do?) he said: it has reached me that it was about the struggle (jihād): the man would say: I have fought and I have done this and that, while he had not done it. Thereupon Allah admonished them about that with the severest admonition.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His words: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ (O you who believe, why do you say what you do not do?) He warns them and instructs them, as you hear.