Tafseer of The Cattle · Al-An'aam · 6:91
And they did not appraise Allah with true appraisal when they said, "Allah did not reveal to a human being anything." Say, "Who revealed the Scripture that Moses brought as light and guidance to the people? You [Jews] make it into pages, disclosing [some of] it and concealing much. And you were taught that which you knew not - neither you nor your fathers." Say, "Allah [revealed it]." Then leave them in their [empty] discourse, amusing themselves.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word: وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ (And they did not appraise Allah with His true appraisal, when they said: Allah has not sent down anything to any mortal.)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose remembrance is exalted, says: وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ ("and they did not appraise Allah with His true appraisal") — and they did not accord Allah the honor that truly belongs to Him, nor did they glorify Him with the glorification that truly belongs to Him; إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ("when they said: Allah has not sent down anything to any mortal") — He says: when they said: Allah has not sent down to any human being any book or revelation.
The exegetes have differed concerning who is meant by His word: إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ, and concerning its explanation.
Some of them said: the one who said that was a man of the Jews.
Then they differed over the name of that man.
Some said: his name was Mālik ibn al-Ṣayf.
Others said: his name was Finḥāṣ.
They also differed over the occasion for which he said that.
Mention of those who said: the one who said that was Mālik ibn al-Ṣayf.
13535 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Yaʿqūb al-Qummī related to us, on the authority of Jaʿfar ibn Abī al-Mughīra, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, he said: A man of the Jews, called Mālik ibn al-Ṣayf, came and entered into dispute with the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ said to him: I adjure you by Him who sent down the Torah to Moses, do you not find in the Torah that Allah detests the corpulent scholar? — and he was a corpulent scholar. Then he became angry and said: By Allah, Allah has not sent down anything to any mortal! Then his companions who were with him said to him: Woe to you! Not even to Moses?! He said: By Allah, Allah has not sent down anything to any mortal! Then Allah sent down: وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قُلْ مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى (And they did not appraise Allah with His true appraisal, when they said: Allah has not sent down anything to any mortal. Say: Who sent down the Book that Moses brought), the verse.
13536 — Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of ʿIkrima, his word: وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ, he said: it was sent down concerning Mālik ibn al-Ṣayf, who was of the Qurayẓa, one of the scholars of the Jews; قُلْ ("say") — O Muḥammad — مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا وَهُدًى لِلنَّاسِ (Who sent down the Book that Moses brought as light and guidance for the people), the verse.
Mention of those who said: it was sent down concerning Finḥāṣ the Jew.
13537 — Mūsā ibn Hārūn related to me, he said: ʿAmr ibn Ḥammād related to us, he said: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ, he said: Finḥāṣ the Jew said: Allah has not sent down anything to Muḥammad!
Others said: no, by it a group of the Jews was meant who asked the Prophet ﷺ for signs like the signs of Moses.
Mention of those who said that:
13538 — Hannād related to us, he said: Yūnus related to us, he said: Abū Maʿšar al-Madanī related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Qurazī, he said: People of the Jews came to the Prophet ﷺ while he was sitting crouched with his arms clasped around his knees, and they said: O Abū al-Qāsim, will you not bring us a book from heaven, just as Moses brought it as tablets that he carried from Allah? Then Allah sent down: يَسْأَلُكَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ أَنْ تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ كِتَابًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَقَدْ سَأَلُوا مُوسَى أَكْبَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا أَرِنَا اللَّهَ جَهْرَةً (The People of the Book ask you to send down to them a book from heaven; they asked Moses for something even greater than that, for they said: Show us Allah openly), the verse [Sūrat al-Nisāʾ: 153]. Then a man of the Jews knelt down and said: Allah has not sent down anything to you, nor to Moses, nor to Jesus, nor to anyone at all! Then Allah sent down: وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ ("and they did not appraise Allah with His true appraisal"). Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb said: they did not know how Allah is; إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قُلْ مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا (when they said: Allah has not sent down anything to any mortal. Say: Who sent down the Book that Moses brought as light). Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ released his crouched posture and began to say: "Nor to anyone at all."
13539 — Bišr ibn Muʿādh related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ, up to His word: فِي خَوْضِهِمْ يَلْعَبُونَ (playing in their idle prattle) — these are the Jews and the Christians, a people to whom Allah gave knowledge, but they did not follow it, did not accept it, and did not act according to it. Therefore Allah censured them for that conduct of theirs. It has been transmitted to us that Abū al-Dardāʾ used to say: Indeed, one of the gravest matters for which I will be called to account tomorrow is that it will be said: O Abū al-Dardāʾ, you knew — so what did you do with what you knew?
13540 — Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, he said: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭalḥa, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, his word: وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ, that means: of the Children of Israel. The Jews said: O Muḥammad, has Allah sent down a book to you? He said: Yes! They said: By Allah, Allah has not sent down any book from heaven! He said: Then Allah sent down: قُلْ ("say") — O Muḥammad — مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا وَهُدًى لِلنَّاسِ (Who sent down the Book that Moses brought as light and guidance for the people), up to His word: وَلَا آبَاؤُكُمْ (nor your fathers). He said: Allah sent it down.
Others said: this is an announcement from Allah, exalted be His praise, about the polytheists of Qurayš, that they said: مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ (Allah has not sent down anything to any mortal).
Mention of those who said that:
13541 — Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, he said: Ibn Jurayj said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Kathīr said that he heard Mujāhid say: وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ, the polytheists of Qurayš said this. He said: and His word: قُلْ مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا وَهُدًى لِلنَّاسِ يَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ يُبْدُونَهَا وَيُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا (Say: Who sent down the Book that Moses brought as light and guidance for the people, which they make into sheets which they show, while they conceal much), he said: these are the Jews, who show it and conceal much of it. He said: and His word: وَعُلِّمْتُمْ مَا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنْتُمْ وَلَا آبَاؤُكُمْ (and you were taught what you did not know, neither you nor your fathers), he said: this is for the Muslims.
13542 — Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, he said: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭalḥa, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, his word: وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ ("and they did not appraise Allah with His true appraisal"), he said: these are the disbelievers (kuffār), who did not believe in Allah's power over them. For whoever believes that Allah has power over all things has appraised Allah with His true appraisal, and whoever does not believe in that has not appraised Allah with His true appraisal.
13543 — Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, he said: Šibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ ("and they did not appraise Allah with His true appraisal"), he says: the polytheists of Qurayš.
Abū Jaʿfar said: And the most correct of these statements in its explanation is the statement of him who said: by His word وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ ("and they did not appraise Allah with His true appraisal") the polytheists of Qurayš are meant. That is because this occurs within the course of the announcement that is first about them, and so that it should also be an announcement about them is more likely than that it should be an announcement about the Jews, while no prior mention of them precedes to which this could be connected — moreover, in view of what the announcement contains about the one whom Allah reports in this verse, namely his denial that Allah had sent down to any mortal anything of the books, and that is not something to which the Jews commit themselves in their faith. On the contrary, the well-known feature of the faith of the Jews is: the acknowledgment of the scrolls of Abraham and Moses, and the Psalter (Zabūr) of David. And since no authentic report with a connected chain (isnād) has come concerning what is transmitted in the report that the one who said that was a man of the Jews — and there was also no consensus (ijmāʿ) among the exegetes that it was so — and since the announcement from the beginning and outset of the sūra up to this place is an announcement about the polytheists, the idolaters — and since His word وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ ("and they did not appraise Allah with His true appraisal") is connected to that and not separated from it — it is not permissible for us to claim that it is turned away from that to which it is connected, except on the basis of a proof to which one ought to submit, whether from transmission or from reason.
But I suspect that those who explained this as an announcement about the Jews found His word: قُلْ مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا وَهُدًى لِلنَّاسِ يَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ يُبْدُونَهَا وَيُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا وَعُلِّمْتُمْ مَا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنْتُمْ وَلَا آبَاؤُكُمْ, and they turned its explanation toward the People of the Torah, and so they read it in the form of an address to them: تَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ تُبْدُونَهَا وَتُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا وَعُلِّمْتُمْ مَا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنْتُمْ وَلَا آبَاؤُكُمْ (you make it into sheets which you show, while you conceal much, and you were taught what you did not know, neither you nor your fathers). Thus they made the beginning of the verse an announcement about them, because its end was, in their view, an address to them. But an explanation and reading other than this is more in keeping with the revelation, for what I described before, namely that His word وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ ("and they did not appraise Allah with His true appraisal") occurs within the course of the announcement about the polytheists of the Arabs and the idolaters, and is connected to it. The most likely is therefore that it is an announcement about them.
And the most correct reading in His word يَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ يُبْدُونَهَا وَيُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا is that it is with the "yāʾ" and not with the "tāʾ", in the meaning: that the Jews make it into sheets which they show, while they conceal much, and that the address with His word قُلْ مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ (Say: Who sent down the Book) is directed at the polytheists of Qurayš. And this is the meaning that Mujāhid intended, if Allah wills, in his explanation of it, and so he used to read it as well.
13544 — Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: al-Ḥajjāj ibn al-Minhāl related to us, he said: Ḥammād related to us, on the authority of Ayyūb, on the authority of Mujāhid, that he used to read this word: يَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ يُبْدُونَهَا وَيُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا (they make it into sheets which they show, while they conceal much).
The explanation of His word: قُلْ مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا وَهُدًى لِلنَّاسِ تَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ تُبْدُونَهَا وَتُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا (Say: Who sent down the Book that Moses brought as light and guidance for the people, which you make into sheets which you show, while you conceal much.)
The Exalted, whose remembrance is exalted, says to His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: قُلْ ("say") — O Muḥammad — to the polytheists of your people who say to you: مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ (Allah has not sent down anything to any mortal) — say: مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا (Who sent down the Book that Moses brought as light), that is to say: clarity and radiance against the darkness of error; وَهُدًى لِلنَّاسِ ("and guidance for the people") — He says: as an exposition for the people, by which He clarifies for them the true from the false in that which had become obscure to them in the matter of their religion; تَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ تُبْدُونَهَا (which you make into sheets which you show).
So whoever reads it as تَجْعَلُونَهُ (you make it), makes it an address to the Jews, according to what I have explained of the interpretation of him who explained it so.
And whoever reads it with the "yāʾ", as يَجْعَلُونَهُ (they make it), his explanation in his reading is: His People make it into sheets, and the expression in "yubdūnahā" ("which they show") proceeded with the mention of "the sheets" (al-qarāṭīs), while by it is meant what is written in the sheets. What is meant is: they show much of what they write in the sheets and make it public to the people, and they conceal much of what they record in the sheets and keep it hidden and conceal it from the people.
And among that which they kept hidden from them was what was contained therein concerning the matter of Muḥammad ﷺ and his prophethood, as follows:
13545 — Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, he said: Šibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: قَرَاطِيسَ يُبْدُونَهَا وَيُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا (sheets which they show, while they conceal much): the Jews.
13546 — Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of ʿIkrima: قُلْ ("say") — O Muḥammad — مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا وَهُدًى لِلنَّاسِ يَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ يُبْدُونَهَا (Who sent down the Book that Moses brought as light and guidance for the people, which they make into sheets which they show), that is to say: the Jews, for what they made public of the Torah; وَيُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا ("while they conceal much"), of what they kept hidden of the mention of Muḥammad ﷺ and what was sent down to him. Ibn Jurayj said: and ʿAbd Allāh ibn Kathīr said that he heard Mujāhid say: يَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ يُبْدُونَهَا وَيُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا (they make it into sheets which they show, while they conceal much), he said: these are the Jews, who show it and conceal much.
The explanation of His word: وَعُلِّمْتُمْ مَا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنْتُمْ وَلَا آبَاؤُكُمْ قُلِ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ ذَرْهُمْ فِي خَوْضِهِمْ يَلْعَبُونَ (6:91) (And you were taught what you did not know, neither you nor your fathers. Say: Allah. Then leave them to play in their idle prattle.)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose remembrance is exalted, says: and Allah, exalted be His praise, has taught you, through the Book that He sent down to you, what you did not know, of the reports about those who were before you, and the tidings about those who come after you, and what will happen at your return on the Day of Resurrection; وَلَا آبَاؤُكُمْ ("nor your fathers") — He says: and your fathers did not know it either, O you who believe in Allah among the Arabs and in His Messenger ﷺ, as follows:
13547 — Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: al-Ḥajjāj ibn al-Minhāl related to us, he said: Ḥammād related to us, on the authority of Ayyūb, on the authority of Mujāhid: وَعُلِّمْتُمْ ("and you were taught"), O community of the Arabs, مَا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنْتُمْ وَلَا آبَاؤُكُمْ (what you did not know, neither you nor your fathers).
13548 — Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, he said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Kathīr said that he heard Mujāhid say concerning His word: وَعُلِّمْتُمْ مَا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنْتُمْ وَلَا آبَاؤُكُمْ (and you were taught what you did not know, neither you nor your fathers), he said: this is for the Muslims.
And as for His word: قُلِ اللَّهُ ("say: Allah"), it is a command from Allah, exalted be His praise, to His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ to himself answer, with the word "Allah", the question that He posed to these polytheists — concerning that about which He commanded him to question them with His word: قُلْ مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا وَهُدًى لِلنَّاسِ يَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ يُبْدُونَهَا وَيُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا (Say: Who sent down the Book that Moses brought as light and guidance for the people, which they make into sheets which they show, while they conceal much). This is like His command to him in another place in this sūra, with His word: قُلْ مَنْ يُنَجِّيكُمْ مِنْ ظُلُمَاتِ الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ تَدْعُونَهُ تَضَرُّعًا وَخُفْيَةً لَئِنْ أَنْجَانَا مِنْ هَذِهِ لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الشَّاكِرِينَ (Say: Who delivers you from the darknesses of the land and the sea, while you call upon Him in humility and in secret: If He delivers us from this, we will surely be among the thankful) [Sūrat al-Anʿām: 63]. He thus commanded him to ask the polytheists about that, just as He commanded him to question them when they said: مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ (Allah has not sent down anything to any mortal), namely: who sent down the Book that Moses brought as light and guidance for the people. Then He commanded him to answer it there with His word: قُلِ اللَّهُ يُنَجِّيكُمْ مِنْهَا وَمِنْ كُلِّ كَرْبٍ ثُمَّ أَنْتُمْ تُشْرِكُونَ (Say: Allah delivers you from it and from every distress; then you ascribe partners) [Sūrat al-Anʿām: 64], just as He commanded him to answer it here with his word: Allah sent it down to Moses, as follows:
13549 — Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, he said: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭalḥa, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: قُلْ مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا وَهُدًى لِلنَّاسِ (Say: Who sent down the Book that Moses brought as light and guidance for the people), he said: Allah sent it down.
And if it were to be said that its meaning is: "say: He is Allah", in the form of a command from Allah to him to give report about that — and not in the form of an answer, since His word قُلْ مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ (Say: Who sent down the Book) was not a question from the polytheists to Muḥammad ﷺ, such that His word قُلِ اللَّهُ (say: Allah) would be an answer to them upon their question, while it is rather a command from Allah to Muḥammad to ask that people: مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ (Who sent down the Book)?, so that the answer would have to come from them and not that which Ibn ʿAbbās explained of it — then that would be permissible, on account of the fact that it is a question, and a question has no answer. And this is what we have chosen as the statement concerning it, for what we have set forth.
And as for His word: ثُمَّ ذَرْهُمْ فِي خَوْضِهِمْ يَلْعَبُونَ ("then leave them to play in their idle prattle"), He says to His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: then, after that, leave these — the polytheists who set the idols and graven images on a par with their Lord — after you have advanced proof against them concerning their statement: مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ (Allah has not sent down anything to any mortal), with your word: مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا وَهُدًى لِلنَّاسِ (Who sent down the Book that Moses brought as light and guidance for the people), and after you have answered that with the fact that the One who sent it down is Allah, who sent down to you His Book — فِي خَوْضِهِمْ ("in their idle prattle"), that is to say: in that into which they plunge of their falsehood and their disbelief in Allah and His signs; يَلْعَبُونَ ("playing"), He says: they mock and jeer.
And this is from Allah a threat to these polytheists and a warning to them. Allah, exalted be His praise, says: then leave them playing, O Muḥammad, for I lie in wait behind that in which they are engaged of their mockery of My signs, and I shall make them taste My power, and I shall — if they persist in their error — cause My wrath to descend upon them.