Tafseer of The Cattle · Al-An'aam · 6:23
Then there will be no [excuse upon] examination except they will say, "By Allah, our Lord, we were not those who associated."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word: ثُمَّ لَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَتُهُمْ إِلا أَنْ قَالُوا وَاللَّهِ رَبِّنَا مَا كُنَّا مُشْرِكِينَ ("Then their trial will be nothing but that they say: 'By Allah, our Lord, we were not polytheists'") (6:23).
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted says: Then their statement, when We say to them: "Where are your associates whom you used to claim [were such]?" — as their answer to Us upon that question of Ours to them, when We tried them and put them to the test — will be nothing but "that they say: 'By Allah, our Lord, we were not polytheists'", lying in their oaths in that statement of theirs.
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Then the reciters differed over the reading of it.
A group of the reciters of Medina and Basra and some of the Kufans read it: (ثُمَّ لَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَتَهُمْ) with the tāʾ, in the accusative, with the meaning of: their trial (that is, Our trying of them) will be nothing but their statement "By Allah, our Lord, we were not polytheists" — except that they read "takun" with the tāʾ in the feminine form, even though it belongs to "the statement (al-qawl)" and not to "the trial (al-fitna)", because of the proximity of "the trial", which is the predicate. And that, among the linguists, is unusual and not eloquent in speech. A verse of Labīd has been transmitted in that vein, namely his word:
Then he went on and drove her before him, and it was a habit of his, when she strayed from the way, that he went ahead.
He said: "and it was (wa-kānat)" with the feminine form of "the going ahead (al-iqdām)", because of the proximity of his word "habit (ʿāda)".
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And a group of the Kufan reciters read it: (ثُمَّ لَمْ يَكُنْ) with the yāʾ, (فِتْنَتَهُمْ) in the accusative, (إلا أَنْ قَالُوا), according to the same meaning that the others whom we have mentioned intended.
Except that they put "yakūn" in the masculine form, because of the masculine gender of "an [qālū] (that they said)".
Abū Jaʿfar said: And this reading is, in our view, the correct of the two readings, because "an" is more strongly determinate than "the trial (al-fitna)".
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And the exegetes differed over the explanation of His word "Then their trial (fitnatuhum) will be nothing but".
Some of them said: its meaning is: then their statement will be nothing but.
* Mention of who said that:
13134 - al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, he said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, he said: Maʿmar informed us, he said: Qatāda said concerning His word "Then their trial will be nothing but", he said: their statement. Maʿmar said: and I heard someone other than Qatāda say: their excuse.
13135 - al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ al-Khurāsānī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, his word: "Then their trial will be nothing but", he said: their statement.
13136 - Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, he said: my father related to me, he said: my uncle related to me, he said: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, his word: "Then their trial will be nothing but that they say", the verse, that is their speech: "they say: 'By Allah, our Lord, we were not polytheists'".
13137 - It was related to us on the authority of al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Faraj, he said: I heard Abū Muʿādh al-Faḍl ibn Khālid say: ʿUbayd ibn Sulaymān related to us, he said: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk [say]: "Then their trial will be nothing but", he means: their speech.
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And others said: its meaning is: their excuse.
* Mention of who said that:
13138 - Ibn Bashshār and Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, they said: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, he said: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: "Then their trial will be nothing but", he said: their excuse.
13139 - Bishr ibn Muʿādh related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: "Then their trial will be nothing but that they say: 'By Allah, our Lord, we were not polytheists'", he says: their excuse with falsehood and lying.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: And the correct of the statements concerning this is that one says: its meaning is: then their statement at Our trial of them, as an excuse for the polytheism toward Allah that preceded from them, will be nothing but "that they say: 'By Allah, our Lord, we were not polytheists'". Thus "the trial (al-fitna)" has been put in the place of "the statement (al-qawl)", because of the hearers' familiarity with the meaning of the statement. For "the trial" is the testing and the trying, but because the people's answer there occurs only at the trial, "the trial", which is the trying, has been put in the place of the report about their answer and their excuse.
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And the reciters likewise differed over the reading of His word "but that they say: 'By Allah, our Lord, we were not polytheists'".
Most of the reciters of Medina and some of the Kufans and Basrans read it: وَاللَّهِ رَبِّنَا in the genitive, on the grounds that "the Lord (al-rabb)" is an appositive to Allah.
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And a group of the Successors (tābiʿūn) read it: (وَاللهِ رَبَّنَا) in the accusative, with the meaning of: by Allah, O our Lord. And this is the reading of most of the reciters of the people of Kufa.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: And the correct of the two readings concerning this is, in my view, the reading of whoever read: (وَاللهِ رَبَّنَا) with the accusative of "the Lord (al-rabb)", with the meaning of: O our Lord. That is because this is an answer of the questioned ones, to whom it was said: "Where are your associates whom you used to claim [were such]?" And the people's answer to their Lord was: by Allah, O our Lord, we were not polytheists — thus they denied that they had said that in the worldly life. Allah, the Exalted, says to Muḥammad, ﷺ: انْظُرْ كَيْفَ كَذَبُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَضَلَّ عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ ("See how they lied about themselves, and how that which they used to fabricate went astray from them").
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And He means by His word "we were not polytheists": we called upon no associate for You, and we called upon none other than You.