Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of His word: وَكَذَلِكَ نُوَلِّي بَعْضَ الظَّالِمِينَ بَعْضًا بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ ("And thus do We make some of the wrongdoers allies of others, because of what they used to earn") (6:129).

   Abū Jaʿfar said: The exegetes differ concerning the explanation of (nuwallī — "We make an ally/We give power over").

   Some of them said: Its meaning is: We make some of them a protecting friend (walī) of others in disbelief in Allah.

   * Mention of who said that:

   13893 - Yūnus related to us, saying: Bishr ibn Muʿādh related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: (And thus do We make some of the wrongdoers allies of others, because of what they used to earn): Allah joins people to one another only according to their deeds. Thus the believer is the protecting friend (walī) of the believer, wherever he is and in whatever place he is, and the disbeliever (kāfir) is the protecting friend of the disbeliever, wherever he is and in whatever place he is. Faith (īmān) is not attained by wishes, nor by outward show.

   * * *

   And others said: Its meaning is: We make them follow one another into the Fire — derived from al-muwālāt, which is the succession between one thing and another, according to the saying of a person: "I have linked together (wālaytu) between this and that," when one makes them follow one upon the other.

   * Mention of who said that:

   13894 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to me, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda: (And thus do We make some of the wrongdoers allies of others), in the Fire: they follow one another.

   * * *

   And others said: Its meaning is: We give some of the wrongdoers power over others.

   * Mention of who said that:

   13895 - Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: (And thus do We make some of the wrongdoers allies of others): he said: the wrongdoers among the jinn and the wrongdoers among mankind. And he recited: وَمَنْ يَعْشُ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَنِ نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا فَهُوَ لَهُ قَرِينٌ ("And whoever turns away from the remembrance of the Most Merciful, We appoint for him a devil, who is then his companion") [Surah Al-Zukhruf: 36]. He said: We give the wrongdoers among the jinn power over the wrongdoers among mankind.

   * * *

   Abū Jaʿfar said: The most correct of these views in its explanation is the view of the one who said: its meaning is: and thus do We make some of the wrongdoers protecting friends (awliyāʾ) of others. For Allah mentioned before this verse what the polytheists (mushrikīn) said, for He, exalted is His praise, said: وَقَالَ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُمْ مِنَ الإِنْسِ رَبَّنَا اسْتَمْتَعَ بَعْضُنَا بِبَعْضٍ ("And their protecting friends among mankind will say: Our Lord, some of us have profited from others"), and He, exalted is His praise, informed that some of them are protecting friends of others. Then He followed that report with the report that their mutual alliance occurs through His doing, that He makes them allies. Thus He said: And just as We have made some of these polytheists among the jinn and mankind protecting friends of others, so that some of them have profited from others, so do We make some of them protecting friends of others in all matters — "because of what they used to earn" of disobedience to Allah and what they commit.

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   Footnotes:

   (39) See the explanation of "walī" in what has passed previously in the language registers (w-l-y).

   (40) See the explanation of "al-kasb" (the earning) in what has passed previously: 11: 448, note: 1, and the references therein.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله : وَكَذَلِكَ نُوَلِّي بَعْضَ الظَّالِمِينَ بَعْضًا بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ (129) قال أبو جعفر: اختلف أهل التأويل في تأويل (نُوَلّي). فقال بعضهم: معناه: نحمل بعضهم لبعض وليًّا، على الكفر بالله . * ذكر من قال ذلك: 13893- حدثنا يونس قال، حدثنا بشر بن معاذ قال، حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد, عن قتادة قوله: (وكذلك نولي بعض الظالمين بعضًا بما كانوا يكسبون)، وإنما يولي الله بين الناس بأعمالهم ، فالمؤمن وليُّ المؤمن أين كان وحيث كان, والكافر وليُّ الكافر أينما كان وحيثما كان . ليس الإيمان بالتَمنِّي ولا بالتحَلِّي . * * * وقال آخرون: معناه: نُتْبع بعضهم بعضًا في النار= من " الموالاة ", وهو المتابعة بين الشيء والشيء, من قول القائل: " واليت بين كذا وكذا "، إذا تابعت بينهما . * ذكر من قال ذلك: 13894- حدثني محمد بن عبد الأعلى قال، حدثنا محمد بن ثور, عن معمر, عن قتادة: (وكذلك نولي بعض الظالمين بعضًا)، في النار، يتبع بعضهم بعضًا . (39) * * * وقال آخرون: معنى ذلك، نسلط بعض الظلمة على بعض . * ذكر من قال ذلك: 13895- حدثني يونس قال، أخبرنا ابن وهب قال، قال ابن زيد في قوله: (وكذلك نولي بعض الظالمين بعضًا)، قال: ظالمي الجن وظالمي الإنس . وقرأ: وَمَنْ يَعْشُ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَنِ نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا فَهُوَ لَهُ قَرِينٌ ، [سورة الزخرف: 36]. قال: نسلط ظلمة الجن على ظلمة الإنس . * * * قال أبو جعفر: وأولى هذه الأقوال في تأويل ذلك بالصواب, قولُ من قال: معناه: وكذلك نجعل بعض الظالمين لبعضٍ أولياء . لأن الله ذكر قبل هذه الآية ما كان من قول المشركين, فقال جل ثناؤه: وَقَالَ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُمْ مِنَ الإِنْسِ رَبَّنَا اسْتَمْتَعَ بَعْضُنَا بِبَعْضٍ , وأخبر جل ثناؤه: أنّ بعضهم أولياء بعض, ثم عقب خبره ذلك بخبره عن أن ولاية بعضهم بعضًا بتوليته إياهم, فقال: وكما جعلنا بعض هؤلاء المشركين من الجن والإنس أولياء بعض يستمتع بعضهم ببعض, كذلك نجعل بعضَهم أولياء بعض في كل الأمور =" بما كانوا يكسبون "، من معاصي الله ويعملونه . (40) --------------- الهوامش : (39) انظر تفسير (( ولي )) فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( ولي ) . (40) انظر تفسير (( الكسب )) فيما سلف : 11 : 448 ، تعليق : 1 ، والمراجع هناك .