Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The statement concerning the explanation of His word, the Exalted: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ ("Indeed, those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, they are abased just as those before them were abased; and We have already sent down clear signs; and for the disbelievers there is a humiliating punishment") (5)

   The Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: indeed, those who oppose Allah regarding His limits (ḥudūd) and His obligations, and who set up limits other than His limits — and that is the opposition (muḥādda) against Allah and His Messenger.

   As for Qatāda, he used to say concerning its meaning what Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ , he says: they show enmity to Allah and His Messenger.

   And as for His word: كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ , by it He means: they were enraged and abased, just as those before them, of the communities who opposed Allah and His Messenger, were enraged and abased.

   And in agreement with what we have said concerning this, the exegetes have spoken.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ , they were abased just as those before them were abased.

   And one of the scholars in the language of the Arabs used to say: the meaning of كُبِتُوا is: they were destroyed.

   And another of them said: he says: its meaning is: they were enraged and abased on the day of the Trench (al-Khandaq), كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ , by which He means: those who before them fought the prophets.

   And His word: وَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ — He says: and We have already sent down clarified indications, and established signs that point to the realities of the limits of Allah.

   And His word: وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ — the Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: and for those who deny these clear signs, which We have sent down upon Our Messenger Muḥammad ﷺ, and who reject them, there is a punishment on the Day of Resurrection, humiliating: that is to say abasing, in Hell (jahannam).

   &; 23-236 &;

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ (5) يقول تعالى ذكره: إن الذين يخالفون الله في حدوده وفرائضه، فيجعلون حدودًا غير حدوده، وذلك هو المحادّة لله ولرسوله. وأما قتادة فإنه كان يقول في معنى ذلك ما حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: (إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ) يقول: يعادون الله ورسوله. وأما قوله: (كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ) فإنه يعني: غيظوا وأخزوا كما غيظ الذين من قبلهم من الأمم الذين حادوا الله ورسوله، وخزُوا. وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة (كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ) خزوا كما خزي الذين من قبلهم. وكان بعض أهل العلم بكلام العرب يقول: معنى (كُبِتُوا ) : أهلكوا. وقال آخر منهم: يقول: معناه غيظوا وأخزوا يوم الخندق، (كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ) يريد من قاتل الأنبياء من قبلهم. وقوله: (وَقَدْ أَنـزلْنَا آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ ) يقول: وقد أنـزلنا دلالات مفصلات، وعلامات محكمات تدل على حقائق حدود الله. وقوله: (وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: ولجاحدي تلك الآيات البيِّنَات التي أنـزلناها على رسولنا محمد صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، ومنكريها عذاب يوم القيامة، مهين: يعني مذلّ في جهنم. &; 23-236 &;