Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The Exalted, whose remembrance is exalted, says: Then We caused Our messengers to follow in their footsteps, whom We had sent with the clear proofs, in the footsteps of Nūḥ and Ibrāhīm — Our messengers — and We caused ʿĪsā, the son of Maryam, to follow. وَجَعَلْنَا فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ ("and We placed in the hearts of those who followed him") — He means: those who followed ʿĪsā upon his way and his law — رَأْفَةٌ ("compassion"), and that is the strongest form of mercy, وَرَحْمَةً وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا ("and mercy and monasticism which they invented"). He says: which they introduced. مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ ("We did not prescribe it for them"). He says: We did not impose that monasticism (rahbāniyya) upon them as an obligation. إِلا ابْتِغَاءَ رِضْوَانِ اللَّهِ ("except out of seeking the good pleasure of Allah"). He says: but they introduced it, seeking the good pleasure of Allah. فَمَا رَعَوْهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا ("yet they did not observe it as it ought to have been observed").

   The exegetes (ahl al-taʾwīl) differed concerning who they were that did not observe the monasticism as it ought to be observed. Some of them said: it is those who invented it, [but] they did not adhere to it; rather they changed and fought against the religion of Allah with which ʿĪsā had been sent, and they became Christians and Jews.

   Others said: no, it is people who came after them who invented it, and who did not observe it as it ought to be, because they were unbelievers (kuffār); but they said: we will do as those of old did. They, then, are the ones whom Allah described as those who did not observe it as it ought to be.

   And in accordance with what we have said in the explanation of these words, up to the point at which we mentioned that the exegetes differ therein, the exegetes have spoken.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Bishr related to me, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: وَجَعَلْنَا فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ رَأْفَةً وَرَحْمَةً ("and We placed in the hearts of those who followed him compassion and mercy") — these two are from Allah, and the monasticism a people introduced from themselves; it was not prescribed for them, but they intended and desired thereby the good pleasure of Allah, yet they did not observe it as it ought to be. We were told that they rejected women and acquired hermit cells (ṣawāmiʿ).

   Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda: وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا ("and monasticism which they invented") — he said: it was not prescribed for them; they invented it seeking the good pleasure of Allah.

   Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said, concerning His word: مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ ("We did not prescribe it for them") — he said: then why? He said: they invented it seeking the good pleasure of Allah, voluntarily, yet they did not observe it as it ought to be.

   Mention of who said: those who did not observe the monasticism as it ought to be were others than those who invented it, but they were the ones who wished to imitate them.

   Al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Ḥurayth [Abū ʿAmmār al-Marwazī] related to us, saying: al-Faḍl ibn Mūsā related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ ibn al-Sāʾib, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: There were after ʿĪsā kings who altered the Torah and the Gospel, and there were among them believers who read the Torah and the Gospel. It was said to their king: we find nothing heavier upon us than a defamation with which these people defame us: they read وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْـزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ ("and whoever does not judge by what Allah has sent down — they are the unbelievers") and these verses, besides what they reproach us with in their reading; so summon them, that they may read as we read and believe as we believe in it. He said: So he summoned them and gathered them, and he gave them the choice between death, or that they abandon the reading of the Torah and the Gospel, except for that which they had altered of it. They said: what do you wish to achieve by that? Leave us alone. He said: Then a group of them said: build for us a column, then hoist us up to it, and then give us something with which we may haul up our food and our drink, then we will not return to you. And another group of them said: let us roam through the land, wandering, and drink as the wild beasts drink; if you catch us in your land, then kill us. And a [third] group said: build for us houses in the wildernesses, then we will dig wells and grow vegetables, and we will not return to you nor pass by you. And there was none of them but he had a close relative among them. He said: So they did that, and Allah, whose praise is exalted, sent down: وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ إِلا ابْتِغَاءَ رِضْوَانِ اللَّهِ فَمَا رَعَوْهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا ("and monasticism which they invented — We did not prescribe it for them, except out of seeking the good pleasure of Allah, yet they did not observe it as it ought to have been observed"). The others [of the later generation] said: we will devote ourselves to worship as so-and-so devoted himself, and we will roam as so-and-so roamed, and we will take houses as so-and-so took — while they were in their shirk (the assigning of partners to Allah), without knowledge of the faith of those whom they were imitating. He said: When the Prophet ﷺ was sent, and there remained of them only a few, a man descended from his hermit cell, and a wanderer came from his wandering, and the dweller of the house came out of his house, and they believed in him and held him to be truthful. Then Allah, whose praise is exalted, said: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَآمِنُوا بِرَسُولِهِ يُؤْتِكُمْ كِفْلَيْنِ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ ("O you who believe, fear Allah and believe in His messenger, He will give you a double portion of His mercy") — he said: two rewards for their belief in ʿĪsā and their holding the Torah and the Gospel to be true, and their belief in Muḥammad ﷺ and their holding him to be true. He said: وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ نُورًا تَمْشُونَ بِهِ ("and He will make for you a light by which you walk") — that is the Qurʾān and their following of the Prophet ﷺ. And He said: لِئَلا يَعْلَمَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ أَلا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَأَنَّ الْفَضْلَ بِيَدِ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ ("so that the People of the Book may know that they have no power over anything of the bounty of Allah, and that the bounty is in the hand of Allah, which He gives to whom He wills; and Allah is the Possessor of immense bounty").

   Yaḥyā ibn Abī Ṭālib related to us, saying: Dāwūd ibn al-Muḥabbar related to us, saying: al-Ṣaʿq ibn Ḥazn related to us, saying: ʿAqīl al-Jaʿdī related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq al-Hamdānī, on the authority of Suwayd ibn Ghafala, on the authority of ʿAbdallāh ibn Masʿūd, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Those who were before us divided into seventy-one sects; three of them were saved and the rest perished. [One] sect of the three confronted the kings and fought against them for the religion of Allah and the religion of ʿĪsā, the son of Maryam — the blessings of Allah be upon them — and the kings killed them. And a sect had no power to confront the kings, so they remained among their people, calling them to the religion of Allah and the religion of ʿĪsā, the son of Maryam — the blessings of Allah be upon him — and the kings killed them and sawed them apart with saws. And a sect had no power to confront the kings, nor to remain among their people and call them to the religion of Allah and the religion of ʿĪsā — the blessings of Allah be upon him — so they withdrew into the deserts and the mountains and led there a monastic life. That is the word of Allah, Mighty and Exalted: وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ ('and monasticism which they invented — We did not prescribe it for them')." He said: they did it only out of seeking the good pleasure of Allah. فَمَا رَعَوْهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا ("yet they did not observe it as it ought to be") — he said: those who came after them did not observe it as it ought to be. فَآتَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ ("and We gave to those among them who believed their reward") — he said: and those are the ones who believed in me and held me to be truthful. He said: وَكَثِيرٌ مِنْهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ ("and many of them are wicked [fāsiqūn]") — he said: and those are the ones who denied me and called me a liar.

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ ibn al-Sāʾib, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا ("and monasticism which they invented — We did not prescribe it") — the others [said]: of those who devoted themselves to worship among the people of shirk, and there departed of them whoever departed; they say: we will devote ourselves to worship as so-and-so devoted himself, and we will roam as so-and-so roamed — while they were in their shirk, without knowledge of the faith of those whom they were imitating.

   * Mention of who said: those who did not observe it as it ought to be were those who invented it.

   Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: وَجَعَلْنَا فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ رَأْفَةً وَرَحْمَةً ("and We placed in the hearts of those who followed him compassion and mercy") .... up to His word: حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا ("as it ought to be observed") — he says: they did not obey Me therein, and they spoke therein with disobedience to Allah. And that is because Allah, Mighty and Exalted, had prescribed for them fighting (qitāl) before He sent Muḥammad ﷺ. So when the people of faith were depleted, and there remained of them only a few, and the people of shirk became numerous, and the messengers passed away and were overcome, they withdrew into the caves. And that continued with them, until a group of them disbelieved and abandoned the command of Allah, Mighty and Exalted, and His religion, and adopted innovation (bidʿa), and Christianity and Judaism; thus they did not observe it as it ought to be. And a [another] group remained steadfast upon the religion of ʿĪsā, the son of Maryam — the blessings of Allah be upon him — when he came to them with the clear proofs; and Allah, Mighty and Exalted, sent Muḥammad as a messenger ﷺ while they were in that condition. That is His word: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَآمِنُوا بِرَسُولِهِ يُؤْتِكُمْ كِفْلَيْنِ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ ("O you who believe, fear Allah and believe in His messenger, He will give you a double portion of His mercy") ... up to وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ("and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful").

   It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, who said: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say, concerning His word: وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ ("and monasticism which they invented — We did not prescribe it for them"): Allah, Mighty and Exalted, had prescribed for them fighting (qitāl) before He sent Muḥammad ﷺ. So when the people of faith were depleted and there remained of them only a few, and the people of shirk became numerous, and the messengers ceased, they withdrew from the people and went into the caves. And thus they continued, until a group of them changed [the religion] and abandoned the religion of Allah, and His command and His covenant which He had imposed upon them, and adopted the innovations; thus they invented Christianity and Judaism. Then Allah, Mighty and Exalted, said to them: فَمَا رَعَوْهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا ("yet they did not observe it as it ought to be"). And a group of them remained steadfast upon the religion of ʿĪsā — the blessings of Allah be upon him — until Allah sent Muḥammad ﷺ, and they believed in him.

   Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Hushaym related to us, saying: Zakariyyā ibn Abī Maryam informed us, saying: I heard Abū Umāma al-Bāhilī say: Verily, Allah has prescribed for you the fasting of Ramadan, but He has not prescribed for you the [nightly] vigil of it; the vigil is merely something which you have introduced. And verily, a people introduced an innovation which Allah had not prescribed for them; they intended thereby the good pleasure of Allah, yet they did not observe it as it ought to be, and Allah rebuked them for abandoning it and said: وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ إِلا ابْتِغَاءَ رِضْوَانِ اللَّهِ فَمَا رَعَوْهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا ("and monasticism which they invented — We did not prescribe it for them, except out of seeking the good pleasure of Allah, yet they did not observe it as it ought to have been observed").

   And the most correct of the statements concerning this is that one says: those whom Allah described as not observing the monasticism as it ought to be were a part of the groups that invented it. And that is because Allah, whose praise is exalted, reported that He gave to those among them who believed their reward; by that He indicated that there were among them those who did observe it as it ought to be. For if there were none among them of that sort, then they would not have deserved the reward of which He, whose praise is exalted, said: فَآتَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ ("and We gave to those among them who believed their reward"). It is merely possible that those who did not observe it as it ought to be were in the time of those who invented it, and it is [equally] possible that they were after them — for if their descendants did not observe it, then in the speech of the Arabs it is permissible to say: the people in their entirety did not observe it, while a particular, present part of them is intended. And the like of this has already passed in many places in this book.

   And His word: فَآتَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ ("and We gave to those among them who believed their reward"). The Exalted, whose remembrance is exalted, says: So We gave to those who believed in Allah and His messengers among these — who invented the monasticism — their reward for their seeking the good pleasure of Allah and their belief in Him and in His messenger, in the Hereafter; and many of them are people of disobedience, who withdrew from His obedience and from belief in Him.

   And in accordance with what we have said concerning this, the exegetes have spoken.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said, concerning His word: فَآتَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ ("and We gave to those among them who believed their reward") — he said: those who observed that right as it ought to be.

   Show original Arabic

   يقول تعالى ذكره: ثم أتبعنا على آثارهم برسلنا الذين أرسلناهم بالبينات على آثار نوح وإبراهيم برسلنا، وأتبعنا بعيسى ابن مريم، ( وَجَعَلْنَا فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ ) يعني: الذين اتبعوا عيسى على منهاجه وشريعته، ( رَأْفَةٌ ) وهو أشدّ الرحمة، ( وَرَحْمَةً وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا ) يقول: أحدثوها( مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ ) يقول: ما افترضنا تلك الرهبانية عليهم، ( إِلا ابْتِغَاءَ رِضْوَانِ اللَّهِ ) يقول: لكنهم ابتدعوها ابتغاء رضوان الله ( فَمَا رَعَوْهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا ) . واختلف أهل التأويل في الذين لم يرعوا الرهبانية حقّ رعايتها، فقال بعضهم: هم الذين ابتدعوها، لم يقوموا بها، ولكنهم بدّلوا وخالفوا دين الله الذي بعث به عيسى، فتنصروا وتهوّدوا. وقال آخرون: بل هم قوم جاءوا من بعد الذين ابتدعوها، فلم يرعوها حقّ رعايتها، لأنهم كانوا كفارا، ولكنهم قالوا: نفعل كالذي كانوا يفعلون من ذلك أوّليًّا، فهم الذين وصف الله بأنهم لم يرعوها حق رعايتها. وبنحو الذي قلنا في تأويل هذه الأحرف، إلى الموضع الذي ذكرنا أن أهل التأويل فيه مختلفون في ذلك قال أهل التأويل. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَجَعَلْنَا فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ رَأْفَةً وَرَحْمَةً ) فهاتان من الله، والرهبانية ابتدعها قوم من أنفسهم، ولم تُكتب عليهم، ولكن ابتغوا بذلك وأرادوا رضوان الله، فما رعوها حقّ رعايتها، ذُكر لنا أنهم رفضوا النساء، واتخذوا الصوامع. حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة ( وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا ) قال: لم تُكتب عليهم، ابتدعوها ابتغاء رضوان الله. حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال، قال ابن زيد، في قوله: ( مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ ) قال: فلم؟ قال: ابتدعوها ابتغاء رضوان الله تطوّعا، فما رَعوها حقّ رعايتها. ذكر من قال: الذين لم يرعوا الرهبانية حقّ رعايتها كانوا غير الذين ابتدعوها. ولكنهم كانوا المريدي الاقتداء بهم. حدثنا الحسين بن الحريث [أبو عمار المَرْوزِيّ] قال: ثنا الفضل بن موسى، عن سفيان، عن عطاء بن السائب، عن سعيد بن جبير، عن ابن عباس، قال: كانت ملوك بعد عيسى بدّلوا التوراة والإنجيل، وكان فيهم مؤمنون يقرءون التوراة والإنجيل، فقيل لملكهم: ما نجد شيئا أشدّ علينا من شتم يشتُمناه هؤلاء، أنهم يقرءون وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْـزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ هؤلاء الآيات، مع ما يعيبوننا به في قراءتهم، فادعهم فليقرءوا كما نقرأ، وليؤمنوا كما آمنا به، قال: فدعاهم فجمعهم وعرض عليهم القتل، أو يتركوا قراءة التوراة والإنجيل، إلا ما بدّلوا منها، فقالوا: ما تريدون إلى ذلك فدعونا؛ قال: فقالت طائفة منهم: ابنوا لنا أسطوانة، ثم ارفعونا إليها، ثم أعطونا شيئا نرفع به طعامنا وشرابنا، فلا نردّ عليكم، وقالت طائفة منهم: دعونا نسيح في الأرض، ونهيم ونشرب كما تشرب الوحوش، فإن قدرتم علينا بأرضكم فاقتلونا، وقالت طائفة: ابنوا لنا دورا في الفيافي، ونحتفر الآبار، ونحترث البقول، فلا نردّ عليكم، ولا نمرّ بكم، وليس أحد من أولئك إلا وله حميم فيهم؛ قال: ففعلوا ذلك، فأنـزل الله جلّ ثناؤه ( وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ إِلا ابْتِغَاءَ رِضْوَانِ اللَّهِ فَمَا رَعَوْهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا )، الآخرون قالوا: نتعبد كما تعبد فلان، ونسيح كما ساح فلان، ونتخذ دورًا كما اتخذ فلان، وهم على شركهم لا علم لهم بإيمان الذين اقتدوا بهم؛ قال: فلما بعث النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم ولم يبق منهم إلا قليل، انحطّ رجل من صومعته، وجاء سائح من سياحته، وجاء صاحب الدار من داره، وآمنوا به وصدّقوه، فقال الله جلّ ثناؤه يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَآمِنُوا بِرَسُولِهِ يُؤْتِكُمْ كِفْلَيْنِ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ قال: أجرين لإيمانهم بعيسى، وتصديقهم بالتوراة والإنجيل، وإيمانهم بمحمد صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، وتصديقهم به. قال: وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ نُورًا تَمْشُونَ بِهِ : القرآن، واتباعهم النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم وقال لِئَلا يَعْلَمَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ أَلا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَأَنَّ الْفَضْلَ بِيَدِ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ . حدثنا يحيى بن أبي طالب، قال: ثنا داود بن المحبر، قال: ثنا الصعق بن حزن، قال: ثنا عقيل الجعدّي، عن أبي إسحاق الهمدانيّ، عن سويد ين غفلة، عن عبد الله بن مسعود، قال: قال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " اخْتَلَفَ مَنْ كانَ قَبْلَنا على إحْدَى وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً، نَجا مِنْهُمْ ثَلاثُ وَهَلَكَ سائِرُهُمْ: فِرْقَةٌ مِنَ الثَّلاثِ وَازَتِ المُلُوكَ وََقاتَلَتْهُمْ على دِينِ اللهِ ودِين عيسَى ابنِ مَرْيَمَ صَلَوَاتُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَتَلَتْهُمُ المُلُوكُ؛ وَفِرْقَةٌ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُمْ طاقَةٌ بِمُوَازَاة المُلُوكِ، فأقامُوا بَينَ ظَهْرَانَيْ قَوْمَهِمْ يَدْعُونَهُمْ إلى دِينِ اللهِ ودِينِ عيسى ابن مَرْيم صَلَواتُ اللهُ عَليْه، فَقَتَلَتْهُمُ المُلُوكُ، وَنَشَرَتَهُمْ بالمَناشِير؛ وَفِرْقَةٌ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُمْ طاقَةٌ بِمُوَازَاةِ المُلُوكِ، وَلا بالمُقام بَينَ ظَهْرَانَيْ قَوْمِهِمْ يَدْعُونَهُمْ إلى دينِ اللهِ ودِينِ عيسَى صَلَوَاتُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَحِقُوا بالبَرَارِي والجبالِ، فَتَرَهَّبُوا فيها، فَهُوَ قَوْل اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ( وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ ) قال: ما فعلوها إلا ابتغاء رضوان الله، ( فَمَا رَعَوْهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا ) قال: ما رعاها الذين من بعدهم حقَّ رعايتها، ( فَآتَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ ) قال: وهم الذين آمنوا بي، وصدّقوني. قال ( وَكَثِيرٌ مِنْهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ ) قال: وفهم الذين جحدوني وكذّبوني. حدثنا ابن حُميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عن عطاء بن السائب، عن سعيد بن جُبَير، عن ابن عباس ( وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا )، قال الآخرون: ممن تعبد من أهل الشرك، وفني من فني منهم، يقولون: نتعبَّد كما تعبد فلان، ونسيح كما ساح فلان، وهم في شركهم لا علم لهم بإيمان الذين اقتدوا بهم. * ذكر من قال: الذين لم يرعوها حق رعايتها: الذين ابتدعوها. حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبى، قال ثني عمى، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس، قوله: ( وَجَعَلْنَا فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ رَأْفَةً وَرَحْمَةً ) .... إلى قوله : ( حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا ) يقول: ما أطاعوني فيها، وتكلَّموا فيها بمعصية الله، وذلك أن الله عزّ وجلّ كتب عليهم القتال قبل أن يبعث محمدا صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فلما استخرج أهل الإيمان، ولم يبق منهم إلا قليل، وكثر أهل الشرك، وذهب الرسل وقهروا، اعتزلوا في الغيران، فلم يزل بهم ذلك حتى كفرت طائفة منهم، وتركوا أمر الله عزّ وجلّ ودينه، وأخذوا بالبدعة وبالنصرانية وباليهودية، فلم يرعوها حقّ رعايتها، وثبتت طائفة على دين عيسى ابن مريم صلوات الله عليه، حين جاءهم بالبينات، وبعث الله عزّ وجلّ محمدا رسولا صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم وهم كذلك، فذلك قوله: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَآمِنُوا بِرَسُولِهِ يُؤْتِكُمْ كِفْلَيْنِ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ ... إلى وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ . حُدثت عن الحسين، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: ثنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: ( وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ ): كان الله عزّ وجلّ كتب عليهم القتال قيل أن يبعث محمد صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم فلما استخرج أهل الإيمان، ولم يبق منهم إلا القليل، وكثر أهل الشرك، وانقطعت الرسل، اعتزلوا الناس، فصاروا في الغيران، فلم يزالوا كذلك حتى غيرت طائفة منهم، فتركوا دين الله وأمره، وعهده الذي عهده إليهم، وأخذوا بالبدع، فابتدعدوا النصرانية واليهودية، فقال الله عزّ وجلّ لهم: ( فَمَا رَعَوْهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا )، وثبتت طائفة منهم على دين عيسى صلوات الله عليه، حتى بعث الله محمدا صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فآمنوا به. حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم، قال ثنا هشيم، قال: أخبرنا زكريا بن أبي مريم، قال: سمعت أبا أمامة الباهلي يقول: إن الله كتب عليكم صيام رمضان، ولم يكتب عليكم قيامه، وإنما القيام شيء ابتدعتموه، وإن قوما ابتدعوا بدعة لم يكتبها الله عليهم، ابتغوا بها رضوان الله، فلم يرعوها حق رعايتها،فعابهم الله بتركها، فقال: ( وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ إِلا ابْتِغَاءَ رِضْوَانِ اللَّهِ فَمَا رَعَوْهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا ) . وأولى الأقوال في ذلك بالصحة أن يقال: إن الذين وصفهم الله بأنهم لم يرعوا الرهبانية حقّ رعايتها، بعض الطوائف التي ابتدعتها، وذلك أن الله جلّ ثناؤه أخبر أنه آتى الذين آمنوا منهم أجرهم؛ قال: فدلّ بذلك على أن منهم من قد رعاها حقّ رعايتها، فلو لم يكن منهم من كان كذلك، لم يكن مستحقّ الأجر الذي قال جلّ ثناؤه: ( فَآتَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ )، إلا أن الذين لم يرعوها حقّ رعايتها ممكن أن يكون كانوا على عهد الذين ابتدعوها، وممكن أن يكونوا كانوا بعدهم، لأن الذين هم من أبنائهم إذا لم يكونوا رعوها، فجائز في كلام العرب أن يقال: لم يرعها القوم على العموم. والمراد منهم البعض الحاضر، وقد مضى نظير ذلك في مواضع كثيرة من هذا الكتاب. وقوله: ( فَآتَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: فأعطينا الذين آمنوا بالله ورسله من هؤلاء، الذين ابتدعوا الرهبانية ثوابهم على ابتغائهم رضوان الله، وإيمانهم به وبرسوله في الآخرة، وكثير منهم أهل معاص، وخرج عن طاعته، والإيمان به. وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني يونس، قال أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال، قال ابن زيد ( فَآتَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ ) قال: الذين رعوا ذلك الحقّ.