Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   And His word ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) ("And in their wealth was a right for the beggar and the destitute"): Allah, exalted be His remembrance, says: and in the wealth of these doers of good, whose quality He has described, is a right for their beggar who is in need of what they hold in their hands, and for the destitute.

   And in the sense of what we have said concerning the meaning of "the beggar" (al-sāʾil), the people of interpretation (ahl al-taʾwīl) have spoken; but concerning the meaning of "the destitute" (al-maḥrūm) they differ. Some say: it is the needy one (al-muḥāraf) who has no share in Islam.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Qays ibn Karkam, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās — I asked him about the beggar and the destitute; he said: the beggar is the one who asks the people for something, and the destitute is the one who has no share in Islam and who is needy.

   Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ); he said: the destitute is the needy.

   Sahl ibn Mūsā al-Rāzī related to us, saying: Wakīʿ related to us, on the authority of Isrāʾīl, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Qays ibn Karkam, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: the beggar is the beggar. And the destitute is the needy one who has no share in Islam.

   Sahl ibn Mūsā related to us, saying: Wakīʿ related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Qays ibn Karkam, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: the destitute is the needy one who has no share in Islam.

   Ḥumayd ibn Masʿada related to us, saying: Yazīd ibn Zurayʿ related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Qays ibn Karkam, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās concerning this verse ( لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ); he said: the beggar is the one who begs, and the destitute is the needy.

   Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, saying: I heard Abū Isḥāq relate on the authority of Qays ibn Karkam, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, something similar.

   Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the word of Allah, glorified and exalted: "the destitute"; he said: the needy.

   And al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, the same.

   It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, he said: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd informed us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word ( وَالمَحْرُومِ ): it is the needy man who has no wealth, except that it has been lost; Allah has decreed that for him thus.

   Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Qays ibn Karkam, he said: I asked Ibn ʿAbbās about His word ( لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ); he said: the beggar is the one who begs, and the destitute is the needy one who has no share in Islam.

   Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr al-Muqaddamī related to me, saying: Quraysh ibn Anas related to us, on the authority of Sulaymān, on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab: the destitute is the needy.

   Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Ibrāhīm, he said concerning the destitute: it is the needy one who has no one to show him mercy or to give him anything.

   Ibn al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Wahb ibn Jarīr related to me, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of ʿĀṣim, on the authority of Abū Qilāba, he said: a flood came in al-Yamāma, which took away a man's wealth, and a man from the companions of the Prophet ﷺ said: this is the destitute.

   Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, saying: Ayyūb informed us, on the authority of Nāfiʿ, he said: the destitute is the needy.

   Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Muslim ibn Khālid related to me, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: the destitute is the needy.

   Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Hushaym related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj informed us, on the authority of al-Walīd ibn al-ʿAyzār, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, that he said: the destitute is the needy.

   Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Hushaym related to us, on the authority of Abū Bishr, he said: I asked Saʿīd ibn Jubayr about the destitute, but he said nothing about it; then ʿAṭāʾ said: it is the constrained, needy one.

   And some say: it is the one who refrains and asks the people for nothing.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Yūnus related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Nāfiʿ ibn Yazīd informed me, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn al-Ḥārith, on the authority of Bukayr ibn al-Ashajj, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab, that he was asked about the destitute and said: the needy. (4)

   Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ): these are two poor ones from the people of Islam: a beggar who begs with his palm, and a poor one who refrains; and upon both there is a right against you, O son of Adam.

   Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Zuhrī ( لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ); he said: the beggar is the one who begs, and the destitute is the one who refrains and does not beg.

   Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, saying: Maʿmar said: and al-Zuhrī related to me that the Prophet ﷺ said: "The poor man is not the one who is turned away with a date or two dates, or with a meal or two meals." They said: who then is the poor man, O Messenger of Allah? He said: "The one who finds no wealth, and whose need is not known so that charity might be given to him — that is the destitute."

   Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word ( لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ); he said: the beggar is the one who begs with his palm, and the destitute is the one who refrains; and upon both there is a right against you, O son of Adam.

   And some say: it is the one who has no share in the spoils of war (ghanīma).

   * Mention of who said that:

   Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Qays ibn Muslim, on the authority of al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent out an armed detachment (sariyya), and they took spoils; then a people came who were present at the spoils [but had not taken part in them], and this verse was revealed: ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ).

   Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn Abī Zāʾida related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Qays ibn Muslim al-Jadalī, on the authority of al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad, he said: an armed detachment was sent out and they took spoils; then a people came after them. He said: then was revealed ( لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ).

   Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥakam, on the authority of Ibrāhīm, that some people arrived to ʿAlī, may Allah be pleased with him, in Kūfa after the Battle of the Camel; then he said: share with them [from the spoils]. He said: this is the destitute.

   Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Abū Nuʿaym related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Qays ibn Muslim, on the authority of al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad, that a people obtained spoils in the time of the Prophet ﷺ, and a people came after them; then was revealed ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ).

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Ḥakkām related to us, saying: ʿAmr related to us, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Ibrāhīm, he said: the destitute is the one who has no share in the war-revenue (fayʾ) in Islam, and he is a needy one among the people.

   He said: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Ibrāhīm, concerning His word ( لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ); he said: the destitute is the one to whom nothing of the war-revenue (fayʾ) flows, and he is a needy one among the people.

   And some say: it is the one whose wealth does not grow.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Abū al-Sāʾib related to me, saying: Ibn Idrīs related to us, on the authority of Ḥuṣayn, he said: I asked ʿIkrima about the beggar and the destitute; he said: the beggar is the one who asks you for something, and the destitute is the one whose wealth does not grow.

   And some say: it is the one whose fruit-harvest and crops have been lost.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ); he said: the destitute is the one whose fruit-harvest and crops have been stricken. And he recited أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تَحْرُثُونَ * أَأَنْتُمْ تَزْرَعُونَهُ ("Have you then seen what you plough? Is it you who make it grow?") . . . until he reached بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ ("Rather, we are deprived"). And the owners of the garden said: إِنَّا لَضَالُّونَ * بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ ("Indeed, we have gone astray; rather, we are deprived").

   Yūnus related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAyyāsh informed me, saying: Zayd ibn Aslam said concerning the word of Allah ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ); he said: that is not the zakāh, but it belongs to what they spend of their wealth after paying the zakāh. And the destitute is the one whose crops or fruit-harvest or the offspring of his livestock is stricken, so that he has a right against those Muslims who have not been stricken by anything of the sort — as He said of the owners of the garden, when He had destroyed their garden, that they said: بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ ("Rather, we are deprived"); and as He also said: لَوْ نَشَاءُ لَجَعَلْنَاهُ حُطَامًا فَظَلْتُمْ تَفَكَّهُونَ * إِنَّا لَمُغْرَمُونَ * بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ ("If We willed, We would make it debris, so you would remain bewildered: 'Indeed, we are laden with debt; rather, we are deprived'").

   And al-Shaʿbī used to say concerning this what Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Ibn ʿAwn, he said: al-Shaʿbī said: I have not managed to know what the destitute is.

   And the correct word concerning this, in my judgment, is that it is the one who has been deprived of his livelihood and has become needy; and that may be through the loss of his wealth and his fruit-harvest, so that he is among those whom Allah has denied that; and it may be because of his refraining and his abstaining from begging; and it may be because he has no share in the spoils of war (ghanīma) due to his absence from the battle. So no statement concerning this is more in accordance with what is correct than that one take it generally, as He, exalted be His praise, said: ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ).

   -------------------------

   Footnotes:

   (4) This report fits with the first opinion, so it has perhaps been placed later when it more properly belongs earlier.

   Show original Arabic

   وقوله ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: وفي أموال هؤلاء المحسنين الذين وصف صفتهم حقٌّ لسائلهم المحتاج إلى ما في أيديهم والمحروم. وبنحو الذي قلنا في معنى السائل, قال أهل التأويل, وهم في معنى المحروم مختلفون, فمن قائل: هو المحارَف الذي ليس له في الإسلام سهم. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا ابن حُميد, قال: ثنا مهران, عن سفيان, عن أبي إسحاق, عن &; 22-414 &; قيس بن كركم, عن ابن عباس سألته عن السائل والمحروم, قال: السائل: الذي يسأل الناس, والمحروم: الذي ليس له في الإسلام سهم وهو محارَف. حدثني محمد بن سعد, قال: ثني أبي, قال: ثني عمي, قال: ثني أبي, عن أبيه عن ابن عباس, قوله ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) قال: المحروم: المحارف. حدثنا سهل بن موسى الرازي, قال: ثنا وكيع, عن إسرائيل, عن أبي إسحاق, عن قيس بن كركم, عن ابن عباس, قال: السائل: السائل. والمحروم: المحارف الذي ليس له في الإسلام سهم. حدثنا سهل بن موسى, قال: ثنا وكيع, عن سفيان, عن أبي إسحاق, عن قيس بن كركم, عن ابن عباس, قال: المحروم: المحارف الذي ليس له في الإسلام سهم. حدثنا حُميد بن مسعدة, قال: ثنا يزيد بن زريع, قال: ثنا شعبة عن أبي إسحاق, عن قيس بن كركم, عن ابن عباس في هذه الآية ( لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) قال: السائل: الذي يسأل, والمحروم: المحارَف. حدثنا ابن المثنى, قال: ثنا محمد بن جعفر, قال: ثنا شعبة, قال: سمعت أبا إسحاق يحدّث عن قيس بن كركم, عن ابن عباس, بنحوه. حدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى, عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد, في قول: الله تبارك وتعالى: المحروم, قال: المحارف. وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا ورقاء, عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد, مثله. حُدثت عن الحسين, قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: أخبرنا عبيد, قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله ( وَالمَحْرُومِ ) : هو الرجل المحارف الذي لا يكون له مال إلا ذهب, قضى الله له ذلك. حدثنا ابن بشار, قال: ثنا عبد الرحمن, قال: ثنا سفيان, عن أبي إسحاق, عن قيس بن كركم, قال: سألت ابن عباس عن قوله ( لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) قال: السائل: الذي يسأل, والمحروم: المحارف الذي ليس له في الإسلام سهم. حدثني محمد بن عمرو المقدمي, قال: ثنا قريش بن أنس, عن سليمان, عن قتادة, عن سعيد بن المسيب: المحروم: المحارَف. حدثنا ابن المثنى, قال: ثنا محمد بن جعفر, قال: ثنا شعبة, عن منصور, عن إبراهيم, قال في المحروم: هو المحارف الذي ليس له أحد يعطف عليه, أو يعطيه شيئا. حدثني ابن المثنى, قال: ثني وهب بن جرير, قال ثنا شعبة, عن عاصم, عن أبي قلابة, قال: جاء سيل باليمامة, فذهب بمال رجل, فقال رجل من أصحاب النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم : هذا المحروم. حدثني يعقوب, قال: ثنا ابن علية, قال: أخبرنا أيوب, عن نافع, قال: المحروم: المحارف. حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: ثني مسلم بن خالد, عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد, عن ابن عباس, قال: المحروم: المحارف. حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم, قال: ثنا هشيم, قال: أخبرنا حجاج, عن الوليد بن العيزار عن سعيد بن جُبير, عن ابن عباس أنه قال: المحروم: هو المحارف. حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم, قال: ثنا هشيم, عن أبي بشر, قال: سألت سعيد بن جُبير, عن المحروم, فلم يقل فيه شيئا, فقال عطاء: هو المحدود المحارف. ومن قائل: هو المتعفف الذي لا يسأل الناس شيئا. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: أخبرني نافع بن يزيد, عن عمرو بن الحارث, عن بكير بن الأشجّ, عن سعيد بن المسيب, أنه سُئل عن المحروم فقال: المحارف. (4) حدثنا بشر, قال: ثنا يزيد, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة, قوله ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) هذان فقيرا أهل الإسلام, سائل يسأل في كفِّه, وفقير معتفِّف, ولكليهما عليك حقّ يا ابن آدم. حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا محمد بن ثور, عن معمر, عن الزهري ( لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) قال: السائل: الذي يسأل, والمحروم: المتعفف الذي لا يسأل. حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا ابن ثور, قال: قال معمر, وحدثني الزهريّ, أن النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم قال: " لَيْسَ المِسْكينُ الَّذِي تَرُدُّهُ التَّمرةُ والتَّمْرَتان والأكْلَة والأكْلَتانِ, قالوا فمن المسكين يا رسول الله؟ قال: الَّذِي لا يَجِدُ غِنًى, وَلا يُعْلَمُ بِحاجَتِهِ فَيُتَصَدَّقُ عَلَيْهِ فَذلكَ المَحْرُومُ" . حدثنا ابن بشار, قال: ثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة, في قوله ( لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) قال: السائل الذي يسأل بكفه, والمحروم: المتعفف, ولكليهما عليك حقّ يا ابن آدم. وقائل: هو الذي لا سهم له في الغنيمة. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا ابن بشار, قال: ثنا عبد الرحمن, قال: ثنا سفيان, عن قيس بن مسلم, عن الحسن بن محمد, إن رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم بعث سرية, فغنموا, فجاء قوم يشهدون الغنيمة, فنـزلت هذه الآية : ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) . حدثنا أبو كُريب, قال: ثنا ابن أبي زائدة, عن سفيان, عن قيس بن مسلم الجدلي, عن الحسن بن محمد, قال: بعثت سرية فغنموا, ثم جاء قوم من بعدهم, قال: فنـزلت ( لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) . حدثنا ابن المثنى, قال: ثنا محمد بن جعفر, قال: ثنا شعبة, عن الحكم, عن إبراهيم أن أناسا قدموا على عليّ رضي الله عنه الكوفة بعد وقعة الجمل, فقال: اقسموا لهم, قال: هذا المحروم. حدثنا أبو كُريب, قال: ثنا أبو نعيم, عن سفيان, عن قيس بن مسلم, عن الحسن بن محمد أن قوما في زمان النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم أصابوا غنيمة, فجاء قوم بعد, فنـزلت ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) . حدثنا ابن حُميد, قال: ثنا حكام, قال: ثنا عمرو, عن منصور, عن إبراهيم, قال: المحروم: الذي لا فيء له في الإسلام, وهو محارف من الناس. قال: ثنا جرير, عن منصور, عن إبراهيم, قوله ( لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) قال: المحروم: الذي لا يجري عليه شيء من الفيء, وهو محارف من الناس. وقائل: هو الذي لا ينمى له مال. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني أبو السائب, قال: ثنا ابن إدريس, عن حصين, قال: سألت عكرِمة, عن السائل والمحروم؟ قال: السائل: الذي يسألك, والمحروم: الذي لا ينمى له مال. وقائل: هو الذي قد ذهب ثمره وزرعه. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, في قوله ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) قال: المحروم: المصاب ثمره وزرعه, &; 22-418 &; وقرأ أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تَحْرُثُونَ * أَأَنْتُمْ تَزْرَعُونَهُ . . حتى بلغ بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ وقال أصحاب الجنة : إِنَّا لَضَالُّونَ * بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ . حدثنا يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: أخبرني عبد الله بن عياش, قال: قال زيد بن أسلم في قول الله ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) قال ليس ذلك بالزكاة, ولكن ذلك مما ينفقون من أموالهم بعد إخراج الزكاة, والمحروم: الذي يُصاب زرعه أو ثمره أو نسل ماشيته, فيكون له حقّ على من لم يصبه ذلك من المسلمين, كما قال لأصحاب الجنة حين أهلك جنتهم قالوا بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ وقال أيضًا : لَوْ نَشَاءُ لَجَعَلْنَاهُ حُطَامًا فَظَلْتُمْ تَفَكَّهُونَ * إِنَّا لَمُغْرَمُونَ * بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ . وكان الشعبي يقول في ذلك ما حدثني يعقوب, قال: ثنا ابن علية, عن ابن عون, قال: قال الشعبيّ: أعياني أن أعلم ما المحروم. والصواب من القول في ذلك عندي أنه الذي قد حُرم الرزق واحتاج, وقد يكون ذلك بذهاب ماله وثمره, فصار ممن حرمه الله ذلك, وقد يكون بسبب تعففه وتركه المسألة, ويكون بأنه لا سهم له في الغنيمة لغيبته عن الوقعة, فلا قول في ذلك أولى بالصواب من أن تعمّ, كما قال جلّ ثناؤه ( وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ) . ------------------------- الهوامش : (4) هذا الأثر يناسب القول الأول ، فلعله مؤخر من تقديم .