Tafseer of The Table · Al-Maaida · 5:9
Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds [that] for them there is forgiveness and great reward.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Explanation of the saying of Him, mighty is His remembrance: وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ (Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds: for them is forgiveness and a great reward) (9).
Abū Jaʿfar said: By His words — exalted be His praise — "Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds," He means: Allah has promised, O people, those who held Allah and His Messenger to be true, and who acknowledged what came to them from their Lord, and who acted in accordance with that to which Allah bound them, and who fulfilled the covenants that He concluded with them through their words: "We shall indeed hear and indeed obey Allah and His Messenger." So they heard the command of Allah and His prohibition and obeyed Him, and acted upon that which Allah commanded them, and refrained from that which He forbade them. (201)
And by His words "for them is forgiveness," He means: for those who fulfilled the agreements and the covenant that their Lord concluded with them is "forgiveness (maghfira)," which is the covering of their past sins and the concealing of them through His remission of them for them, and the withholding of His punishment for them and the disgracing through them. (202) — "and a great reward." He says: and for them, in addition to His remission to them of their past sins, as recompense for the deeds they performed and their fulfillment of the agreements they concluded with their Lord, is "a great reward." And the "greatness" of His bounty is boundless in its extent, and none knows its limit except Him — exalted be His remembrance. (203)
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If someone were to say: Allah — exalted be His praise — has, in this verse, informed that He promised those who believe and do righteous deeds something, but He did not inform what He promised them; where, then, is the report concerning the thing promised?
Then it is said: Indeed (balā) (204), He has certainly reported the thing promised, and the thing promised is His saying: "for them is forgiveness and a great reward."
If he says: But His saying "for them is forgiveness and a great reward" is a new, independent statement; had it been the thing promised, it would have been said: "Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds forgiveness and a great reward," and then "for them" would not have been included in it. And in the inclusion of it lies an indication that the sentence begins anew and that the report concerning the promise has concluded!
Then it is said: Although the outward form of it is indeed what you mentioned, this nevertheless belongs to that in which one suffices with the indication of what is apparent in the wording concerning its hidden meaning — namely, the mention of a portion whose explicit mention has been omitted. For the meaning of the saying is: Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds that He will forgive them and give them a great reward. This is because it is the custom of the Arabs, with "the promise," to add the particle "an" (that) and to let it operate therein; yet "an" was omitted because "the promise" is a form of saying (qawl). And it is characteristic of "saying" that what comes after it of declarative clauses serves as a new starting point, and that the complete declaration is mentioned after it, while one suffices with the indication of the outward wording concerning its meaning, and the "promise" — which agrees in meaning with "saying," even if it differs from it in wording — is brought back to its meaning. (205) It is thus as if it had been said: "Allah has said: for those who believe and do righteous deeds is forgiveness and a great reward."
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And some grammarians of Basra said that it is simply said: "Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds: for them is forgiveness and a great reward," with respect to the promise that was made to them. (206) It is thus as if the meaning of the saying, according to the interpretation of the one who makes this statement, is: Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds; for them is forgiveness and a great reward [in that which He has promised them]. (207)
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