Tabari

Tafseer of The Table · Al-Maaida · 5:9

وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ ۙ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌۭ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌۭ

Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds [that] for them there is forgiveness and great reward.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    Explanation of the saying of Him, mighty is His remembrance: وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ (Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds: for them is forgiveness and a great reward) (9).

    Abū Jaʿfar said: By His words — exalted be His praise — "Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds," He means: Allah has promised, O people, those who held Allah and His Messenger to be true, and who acknowledged what came to them from their Lord, and who acted in accordance with that to which Allah bound them, and who fulfilled the covenants that He concluded with them through their words: "We shall indeed hear and indeed obey Allah and His Messenger." So they heard the command of Allah and His prohibition and obeyed Him, and acted upon that which Allah commanded them, and refrained from that which He forbade them. (201)

    And by His words "for them is forgiveness," He means: for those who fulfilled the agreements and the covenant that their Lord concluded with them is "forgiveness (maghfira)," which is the covering of their past sins and the concealing of them through His remission of them for them, and the withholding of His punishment for them and the disgracing through them. (202) — "and a great reward." He says: and for them, in addition to His remission to them of their past sins, as recompense for the deeds they performed and their fulfillment of the agreements they concluded with their Lord, is "a great reward." And the "greatness" of His bounty is boundless in its extent, and none knows its limit except Him — exalted be His remembrance. (203)

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    If someone were to say: Allah — exalted be His praise — has, in this verse, informed that He promised those who believe and do righteous deeds something, but He did not inform what He promised them; where, then, is the report concerning the thing promised?

    Then it is said: Indeed (balā) (204), He has certainly reported the thing promised, and the thing promised is His saying: "for them is forgiveness and a great reward."

    If he says: But His saying "for them is forgiveness and a great reward" is a new, independent statement; had it been the thing promised, it would have been said: "Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds forgiveness and a great reward," and then "for them" would not have been included in it. And in the inclusion of it lies an indication that the sentence begins anew and that the report concerning the promise has concluded!

    Then it is said: Although the outward form of it is indeed what you mentioned, this nevertheless belongs to that in which one suffices with the indication of what is apparent in the wording concerning its hidden meaning — namely, the mention of a portion whose explicit mention has been omitted. For the meaning of the saying is: Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds that He will forgive them and give them a great reward. This is because it is the custom of the Arabs, with "the promise," to add the particle "an" (that) and to let it operate therein; yet "an" was omitted because "the promise" is a form of saying (qawl). And it is characteristic of "saying" that what comes after it of declarative clauses serves as a new starting point, and that the complete declaration is mentioned after it, while one suffices with the indication of the outward wording concerning its meaning, and the "promise" — which agrees in meaning with "saying," even if it differs from it in wording — is brought back to its meaning. (205) It is thus as if it had been said: "Allah has said: for those who believe and do righteous deeds is forgiveness and a great reward."

    * * *

    And some grammarians of Basra said that it is simply said: "Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds: for them is forgiveness and a great reward," with respect to the promise that was made to them. (206) It is thus as if the meaning of the saying, according to the interpretation of the one who makes this statement, is: Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds; for them is forgiveness and a great reward [in that which He has promised them]. (207)

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    Show original Arabic
    القول في تأويل قوله عز ذكره : وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ (9) قال أبو جعفر: يعني جل ثناؤه بقوله: " وعد الله الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات "، وعد الله أيها الناس الذين صدّقوا الله ورسوله، وأقرُّوا بما جاءهم به من عند ربهم، وعملوا بما واثقهم الله به، وأوفوا بالعقود التي عاقدَهم عليها بقولهم: " لنسمعن ولنطيعنَّ الله ورسوله " فسمعوا أمر الله ونهيه وأطاعوه، فعملوا بما أمرهم الله به، وانتهوا عما نهاهم عنه. (201) ويعني بقوله: " لهم مغفرة " لهؤلاء الذين وفوا بالعقود والميثاق الذي واثقهم به ربهم=" مغفرة " وهي ستر ذنوبهم السالفة منهم عليهم وتغطيتها بعفوه لهم عنها، وتركه عقوبتهم عليها وفضيحتهم بها (202) =" وأجر عظيم " يقول: ولهم مع عفوه لهم عن ذنوبهم السالفة منهم، جزاءً على أعمالهم التي عملوها ووفائهم بالعقود التي عاقدوا ربهم عليها=" أجر عظيم "، و " العظيم " من خيره غير محدود مبلغه، ولا يعرف منتهاه غيره تعالى ذكره. (203) * * * فإن قال قائل: إن الله جل ثناؤه أخبر في هذه الآية أنه وعد الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات، ولم يخبر بما وعدهم، فأين الخبر عن الموعود؟ قيل: بلى (204) إنه قد أخبَر عن الموعود، والموعود هو قوله: " لهم مغفرة وأجر عظيم ". فإن قال: فإن قوله: " لهم مغفرة وأجر عظيم " خبرٌ مبتدأ، ولو كان هو الموعود لقيل: " وعد الله الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات مغفرة وأجرًا عظيمًا "، ولم يدخل في ذلك " لهم "، وفي دخول ذلك فيه، دلالة على ابتداء الكلام، وانقضاء الخبر عن الوعد! قيل: إن ذلك وإن كان ظاهره ما ذكرتَ، فإنه مما اكتُفي بدلالة ما ظهر من الكلام على ما بطن من معناه= من ذكر بعضٍ قد ترك ذكره فيه، وذلك أن معنى الكلام: وعد الله الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات أن يغفر لهم ويأجرهم أجرًا عظيما= لأن من شأن العرب أن يُصْحِبوا " الوعد "" أن " ويعملوه فيها، فتركت " أن " إذ كان " الوعد " قولا. ومن شأن " القول " أن يكون ما بعده من جمل الأخبار مبتدأ، وذكر بعده جملة الخبر اجتزاءً بدلالة ظاهر الكلام على معناه، وصرفا للوعد= الموافق للقول في معناه وإن كان للفظه مخالفا= إلى معناه، (205) فكأنه قيل: " قال الله: للذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات مغفرة وأجر عظيم ". * * * وكان بعض نحويي البصرة يقول، إنما قيل: " وعد الله الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات لهم مغفرة وأجر عظيم "، في الوعد الذي وُعِدوا (206) =فكأن معنى الكلام على تأويل قائل هذا القول: وعد الله الذي آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات، لهم مغفرة وأجر عظيم، [فيما وعدهم به]. (207) * * * --------------- الهوامش: (201) انظر تفسير"الصالحات" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة. (202) انظر تفسير"المغفرة" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة. (203) انظر تفسير"الأجر" و"عظيم" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة. (204) "بلى" تكون جوابا للكلام الذي فيه الجحد كقوله: "ألست بربكم قالوا بلى". هكذا قالوا ، وقال ابن هشام في المغنى في باب"بلى": "ولكن وقع في كتب الحديث أنها يجاب بها الاستفهام المجرد ، ففي صحيح البخاري في كتاب الإيمان: أنه عليه الصلاة والسلام قال لأصحابه: أترضون أن تكونوا ربع أهل الجنة؟ قالوا: بلى = وفي صحيح مسلم في كتاب الهبة: أيسرك أن يكونوا لك في البر سواء؟ قال ، بلى! قال ، فلا إذن = وفيه أيضا أنه قال ، أنت الذي لقيتني بمكة؟ فقال له: بلى". فمن أجل ذلك استعمله الطبري في جواب الاستفهام الذي لا جحد فيه ، فكأنه عد سؤال السائل جحدا لذكره في الآية ، فقال في جوابه"بلى" ، بمعنى: ليس ذلك كما تزعم ، وانظر ما سلف 2: 280 ، 510 ، وما سيأتي في الأثر رقم: 11818. (205) السياق: "وصرفا للوعد.. إلى معناه" ، أي: إلى معنى القول. (206) في المطبوعة: "الوعد الذي وعدوا" بإسقاط"في" ، وهي في المخطوطة مكتوبة بسن القلم بين"عظيم" و"الوعد". (207) اقتصر في هذا الموضع في المطبوعة والمخطوطة على نص الآية ، واستظهرت تمام الكلام من تفسير القرطبي 6: 110 ، وقد عقب عليه بقوله: "وهذا المعنى عن الحسن" ، فلا أدري أأصبت في ذلك ، أم أخطأني التوفيق!