Tafseer of The Table · Al-Maaida · 5:47
And let the People of the Gospel judge by what Allah has revealed therein. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the defiantly disobedient.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the saying of Him, mighty is His mention: وَلْيَحْكُمْ أَهْلُ الإِنْجِيلِ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ (47) ("And let the People of the Gospel judge by what Allah has sent down therein; and whoever does not judge by what Allah has sent down — they are the deviators (al-fāsiqūn)." (5:47))
Abū Jaʿfar said: The reciters differ over the reading of His word: "wa-lyaḥkum ahl al-Injīl" ("and let the People of the Gospel judge").
The reciters of the Ḥijāz, of Basra, and some of the Kūfans read it: "wa-lyaḥkum" with a sukūn (rest) on the lām, in the form of a command from Allah to the People of the Gospel: that they should judge by what Allah has sent down therein of injunctions. It is as though the one who read it this way intended: and We gave him the Gospel, in which was guidance and light, and confirmation of what preceded it of the Torah, and We commanded its followers to judge by what Allah has sent down therein — so that there is something elided in the sentence, which has been left out because what is mentioned already points sufficiently to what is omitted.
A group of the people of Kūfa read it: "wa-li-yaḥkum ahl al-Injīl" with a kasra (i-vowel) on the lām of "li-yaḥkum," with the meaning: so that the People of the Gospel may judge. It is as though the meaning of the one who read it this way is: and We gave him the Gospel, in which was guidance and light, and confirmation of what preceded it of the Torah, so that his followers may judge by what is in it of the judgment of Allah.
And what we say concerning this is that they are two well-known readings that are close to one another in meaning; with whichever of these two a reciter recites, he attains thereby what is correct.
That is because Allah, exalted is He, has not sent down any Book to any of His prophets except so that its followers — who are commanded to act upon it — would act upon it; and He has not sent it down to them without commanding them to act upon it. So He sent it down in order that it be acted upon, and He sent it down as a command to act upon it. So too is the Gospel: since it belongs to the Books of Allah which He sent down to His prophets, He sent it down to ʿĪsā in order that it be acted upon, and He sent it down to his followers as a command to act upon it. Whether it be read in the form of a command, with the sukūn on the lām, or be read in the form of a statement, with the kasra upon it — it is the same, because of the agreement of both their meanings.
And as for what has been transmitted from Ubayy ibn Kaʿb, that he read it as "wa-an li-yaḥkum" in the form of a command: that belongs to that whose transmission from him has not been correctly established. And even if it were correctly established, there would be nothing in it that would require that the reading which differs from it be forbidden, since its meaning is sound, and the early leaders among the reciters have recited with it.
Since the matter in this is as we have set forth, the explanation of the words, when read with the kasra on the lām of "li-yaḥkum," is: and We gave ʿĪsā ibn Maryam the Gospel, in which was guidance and light and confirmation of what preceded it of the Torah, and guidance and admonition for the God-fearing, and so that the People of the Gospel may judge by what We sent down therein. But they altered its judgment and warred against it, and so they went astray through their opposition to it, when they did not judge by what Allah had sent down therein and opposed it — "they are then the deviators (al-fāsiqūn)," that is: those who depart from the command of Allah therein, who oppose Him in what He commanded them and forbade them in His Book.
And when it is read with the sukūn on the lām, then its explanation is: and We gave ʿĪsā ibn Maryam the Gospel, in which was guidance and light and confirmation of what preceded it of the Torah, and We commanded its followers to judge by what We sent down therein. But they did not obey Us in Our command to them to do that which We commanded them therein, but rather they warred against Our command. So those who opposed Our command which We commanded them therein, they are the deviators.
Ibn Zayd used to say: "Al-fāsiqūn (the deviators)" means in this place and elsewhere: the liars.
12103 — Yūnus ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: "And let the People of the Gospel judge by what Allah has sent down therein; and whoever does not judge by what Allah has sent down — they are the deviators": he said: and whoever of the People of the Gospel does not judge by it — "they are the deviators," he said: the liars. By this He judged. And Ibn Zayd said: everything in the Qurʾān that is "fāsiq" — save for a few cases — means liar. And he recited the word of Allah: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَإٍ ("O you who believe, if a deviator (fāsiq) comes to you with a report" — al-Ḥujurāt: 6); he said: "al-fāsiq" here means: liar.
And we have already set forth previously the meaning of "al-fisq (deviance)" with its proofs, in a manner that makes it unnecessary to repeat it in this place.