Tafseer of The Table · Al-Maaida · 5:14
And from those who say, "We are Christians" We took their covenant; but they forgot a portion of that of which they were reminded. So We caused among them animosity and hatred until the Day of Resurrection. And Allah is going to inform them about what they used to do.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The statement concerning the interpretation of His word, exalted be His remembrance: En van hen die zeiden: 'Wij zijn christenen', namen Wij hun verbond aan, maar zij vergaten een deel van waaraan zij herinnerd waren (And of those who said, "We are Christians," We took their covenant, but they forgot a portion of that of which they were reminded).
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted says, exalted be His remembrance: And We took from the Christians the covenant (mīthāq) to obey Me, to fulfill My obligations, to follow My messengers and to believe in them. But concerning My covenant which I had taken from them, they trod the path of the erring community of the Jews; thus they distorted their religion and broke it, as they broke it, and they left aside their portion of My covenant which I had taken from them, namely the fulfillment of My agreement, and they neglected My command. As:
11596 - Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: "And of those who said, 'We are Christians,' We took their covenant, but they forgot a portion of that of which they were reminded" — they forgot the Book of Allah that was present among them, and the covenant of Allah that He had imposed upon them, and the command of Allah that He had commanded them.
11597 - Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Aḥmad ibn Mufaḍḍal related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī, who said: The Christians said the same as what the Jews said, and they forgot a portion of that of which they were reminded.
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The statement concerning the interpretation of His word, exalted be His remembrance: Zo wekten Wij tussen hen vijandschap en haat op tot de Dag der Opstanding (So We stirred up between them enmity and hatred until the Day of Resurrection).
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, glorified be His remembrance, means by His word "So We stirred up between them": We incited them against one another and sowed discord between them, as one incites one thing against another.
The Exalted, glorified be His praise, says: When these Christians, from whom I had taken the covenant to fulfill My agreement, left aside their portion of that which I had imposed upon them of My command and My prohibition, I stirred up between them enmity and hatred.
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Then the people of interpretation differed concerning the nature of "Allah's stirring up, exalted be His remembrance, of the enmity and hatred between them."
Some of them said: His stirring up between them occurred through the vain desires (ahwāʾ) that arose between them.
Mention of who said that:
11598 - Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Hushaym related to us, saying: al-ʿAwwām ibn Ḥawshab informed us, on the authority of Ibrāhīm al-Nakhaʿī, concerning His word: "So We stirred up between them enmity and hatred" — he said: These are the divergent vain desires and the mutual hatred; that is the stirring up.
11599 - Sufyān ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Yazīd ibn Hārūn related to us, on the authority of al-ʿAwwām ibn Ḥawshab, saying: I heard al-Nakhaʿī say: "So We stirred up between them enmity and hatred" — he said: He incited them against one another with disputes through wrangling over religion.
11600 - al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Hushaym related to me, saying: al-ʿAwwām ibn Ḥawshab informed us, on the authority of Ibrāhīm al-Nakhaʿī and al-Taymī, concerning His word: "So We stirred up between them enmity and hatred" — he said: I regard "the stirring up" in this verse as nothing but the divergent vain desires. And Muʿāwiya ibn Qurra said: Disputes in religion annul the works.
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Others said: No, rather that is the enmity that prevails between them and the hatred.
Mention of who said that:
11601 - Bishr ibn Muʿādh related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: "So We stirred up between them enmity and hatred until the Day of Resurrection" — this verse: When the people abandoned the Book of Allah, and disobeyed His messengers, and neglected His obligations, and suspended His limits (ḥudūd), He cast between them enmity and hatred until the Day of Resurrection, on account of their works, the evil works. And had the people accepted the Book of Allah and His command, they would not have fallen apart nor hated one another.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: And the more preferable of the two interpretations concerning that is, according to us, in truth, the interpretation of the one who said: "He stirred up between them through the vain desires that arose between them," as Ibrāhīm al-Nakhaʿī said, because the enmity of the Christians among themselves arises only from their mutual difference in their statement concerning the Masīḥ (the Messiah), and that is vain desires, not a revelation from Allah.
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The people of interpretation differed concerning what is meant by "the hāʾ and the mīm" (the pronoun "them") in His word: "So We stirred up between them."
Some of them said: By it the Jews and the Christians are meant. The meaning of the statement, according to their view and interpretation, is therefore: So We stirred up between the Jews and the Christians [enmity], on account of their forgetting a portion of that of which they were reminded.
Mention of who said that:
11602 - Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Aḥmad ibn Mufaḍḍal related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: And he also said concerning the Christians: Zo vergaten zij een deel van waaraan zij herinnerd waren (So they forgot a portion of that of which they were reminded) — when they did that, Allah, mighty and exalted is He, stirred up between them and the Jews enmity and hatred until the Day of Resurrection.
11603 - Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: "So We stirred up between them enmity and hatred until the Day of Resurrection" — he said: They are the Jews and the Christians. Ibn Zayd said: As one incites two animals against each other.
11604 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the word of Allah: "So We stirred up between them enmity and hatred" — he said: The Jews and the Christians.
11605 - al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, the same.
11606 - al-Qāsim related to me, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Abū Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, he said: They are the Jews and the Christians; Allah stirred up between them enmity and hatred until the Day of Resurrection.
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Others said: No, rather Allah meant by it the Christians alone. And they said: The meaning of it is: So We stirred up among the Christians [enmity], as a punishment for them on account of their forgetting a portion of that of which they were reminded. They said: And to them "the hāʾ and the mīm" in "between them" return, not to the Jews.
Mention of who said that:
11607 - al-Muthannā ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ, he said: Indeed, Allah, exalted be His remembrance, charged the Children of Israel: that they should not purchase for the signs of Allah a paltry price, and that they should teach wisdom and accept no wage for it. But only few of them did that; they took bribes in adjudication and transgressed the limits. Therefore He said concerning the Jews, where they judged by something other than what Allah had commanded: En Wij wierpen tussen hen vijandschap en haat op tot de Dag der Opstanding [Sūrat al-Māʾida: 64], and He said concerning the Christians: "So they forgot a portion of that of which they were reminded; so We stirred up between them enmity and hatred until the Day of Resurrection."
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Abū Jaʿfar said: And the more preferable of the two interpretations of this verse, according to me, is what al-Rabīʿ ibn Anas said, namely that by the stirring up between them specifically in this verse the Christians are meant, and that "the hāʾ and the mīm" return to the Christians and not to the Jews, because the mention of "the stirring up" in Allah's report concerning the Christians takes place after the completion of His report concerning the Jews, and after the beginning of His report concerning the Christians. That it therefore pertains specifically to the Christians is more preferable than that it pertains to both groups together, on account of what we have mentioned.
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If someone were to say: And what is the enmity that prevails between the Christians, such that it would be meant specifically by that meaning? Then it is answered: That is the enmity of the Nestorians and the Jacobites toward the Melkites, and of the Melkites toward the Nestorians and the Jacobites. And what the one said who said: "By it is meant Allah's stirring up between the Jews and the Christians" is not far-fetched; only this, in my opinion, is closer and more in accordance with the interpretation of the verse, on account of what we have mentioned.
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The statement concerning the interpretation of His word, exalted be His remembrance: En Allah zal hun weldra mededelen wat zij plachten te bedrijven (14) (And Allah will soon inform them of what they used to do).
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, glorified be His praise, says to His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: Pardon these who intended to stretch out their hands against you and against your companions, and forgive them, for Allah, mighty and exalted is He, is able to take retribution against them. And Allah will inform them, when they arrive before Him at their place of return (in the Hereafter), of what they used to do in this life of breaking His covenant, violating His agreement, distorting His Book, and falsifying His command and His prohibition, and He will punish them for that according to what they deserve.