Tabari

Tafseer of The Dunes · Al-Ahqaf · 46:4

قُلْ أَرَءَيْتُم مَّا تَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَرُونِى مَاذَا خَلَقُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلْأَرْضِ أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌۭ فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ ۖ ٱئْتُونِى بِكِتَٰبٍۢ مِّن قَبْلِ هَٰذَآ أَوْ أَثَٰرَةٍۢ مِّنْ عِلْمٍ إِن كُنتُمْ صَٰدِقِينَ

Say, [O Muhammad], "Have you considered that which you invoke besides Allah? Show me what they have created of the earth; or did they have partnership in [creation of] the heavens? Bring me a scripture [revealed] before this or a [remaining] trace of knowledge, if you should be truthful."

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    Explanation of the meaning of His word, the Exalted: قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَرُونِي مَاذَا خَلَقُوا مِنَ الأَرْضِ أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ اِئْتُونِي بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ هَذَا أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (4) — "Say: 'Have you considered that which you invoke besides Allah? Show me what they have created of the earth, or do they have a share in the heavens? Bring me a book from before this, or a remnant of knowledge, if you are truthful'" (46:4).

    Allah, whose praise is exalted, says: say, O Muḥammad, to these polytheists (mushrikīn) who ascribe partners to Allah among your people: have you considered, O people, the gods and idols that you worship besides Allah — show me what thing they have created of the earth. For my Lord has created the entire earth, while you have invoked them on account of their creating, although they have created nothing of it — so that you might have them as gods and lords, and you might thereby have a proof for your worship of them. For among my proof for my worship of my God and my devoting the godhead to Him alone is that He created the earth and brought it forth out of nothing, without any prior precedent.

    And His word ( أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ ): Allah, whose praise is exalted, says: or do your gods whom you worship, O people, have a share with Allah in the seven heavens, so that you might thereby too have a proof for your worship of them? For among my proof for my devoting worship to my Lord alone is that He has no partner in their creation, and that He alone created them, to the exclusion of all else.

    And His word ( اِئْتُونِي بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ هَذَا ): Allah, whose praise is exalted, says: with a book that came from Allah before this Qurʾān which was sent down upon me, demonstrating that the gods and idols whom you worship have created something of the earth, or that they have a share with Allah in the heavens — so that this would be a proof for you for your worship of them. For if that were established for them, then partnership in the favors in which you live would also be established for them, and gratitude toward them would be obligatory upon you, and they would deserve service from you — for none can create that except Allah.

    And His word ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ): the reciters have differed over its recitation. Most reciters of the Ḥijāz and Iraq read it ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ) with the alif, in the meaning of: or bring me a remnant of knowledge. It is related from Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī that he read it "أَوْ أَثَرَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ" (athara), in the meaning of: or a special privilege of knowledge given to you and by which you are favored above others. And the recitation which I permit no other above, is ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ) with the alif, because of the consensus of the reciters of the cities upon it.

    The interpreters (ahl al-taʾwīl) have differed over its interpretation. Some of them said, the meaning is: or bring me knowledge that your gods have created something of the earth, and that they have a share in the heavens, from the line that you draw in the earth; for you, O assembly of the Arabs, are people of augury by birds (ʿiyāfa), divination by driving off (zajr), and soothsaying (kahāna).

    * Mention of who said that:

    Bishr ibn Ādam related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Ṣafwān ibn Sulaym, on the authority of Abū Salama, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ): he said: a line that the Arabs used to draw in the earth.

    Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Abū Bakr — that is, Ibn ʿAyyāsh — said: the line (al-khaṭṭ): that is augury by birds (al-ʿiyāfa).

    Others said: no, its meaning is: or a special privilege of knowledge.

    * Mention of who said that:

    Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ): he said: or a special privilege of knowledge.

    Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ): he said: that is, a special privilege of knowledge.

    ʿAbd al-Wārith ibn ʿAbd al-Ṣamad ibn ʿAbd al-Wārith related to us, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, on the authority of Qatāda ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ): he said: a special privilege of knowledge.

    Others said: no, its meaning is: or knowledge that you arouse and bring forth.

    * Mention of who said that:

    Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, concerning His word ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ): he said: athāra is something that they bring forth from their innate disposition (fiṭra).

    Others said: no, its meaning is: or do you transmit that knowledge on the authority of someone from those before you?

    * Mention of who said that:

    Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both of them — on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ): he said: someone who transmits knowledge.

    Others said: no, its meaning is: or with a clear proof of the matter.

    * Mention of who said that:

    Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ): he says: with a clear proof of the matter.

    Others said: no, its meaning is: with a remnant of knowledge.

    * Mention of who said that:

    Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Abū Bakr — that is, Ibn ʿAyyāsh — was asked about ( أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ); he said: a remnant of knowledge.

    And the correct opinion concerning that is the statement of those who said: al-athāra is the remnant of knowledge, for that is what is known from the language of the Arabs. It is a verbal noun (maṣdar) from the saying: athara al-shayʾ athāratan ("the thing left a trace"), like samuja samājatan and qabuḥa qabāḥatan. As al-Rāʿī (the camel-herd) said:

    "And a [she-camel] with athāra (a remnant of fat), upon which she has grazed

    [plants in their buds, alone and without competition]." (1)

    He means: a [she-camel] with a remnant of fat. As for the one who read it ( أَوْ أَثَرَةٍ ), he took it as athara derived from al-athar (the trace), as one says qatara and ghabara. And it is related from some that he read it ( أَوْ أَثْرَةٍ ) with a sukūn on the thāʾ, like al-rajfa and al-khaṭfa. And when one takes it in accordance with what we have said about it, namely that it means a remnant of knowledge, then it is permissible that this remnant be a remnant of the knowledge of line-drawing (al-khaṭṭ), or of knowledge aroused from the books of the ancients, or of a special knowledge by which they were favored. And from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a report is related concerning that, namely that he interpreted it in the meaning of line-drawing; we shall mention that, if Allah the Exalted wills. The interpretation of the words is therefore: bring me, O people, a book from before this Book, with the confirmation of that which I have asked you to confirm as a proof for your claim concerning what you assert for your gods, or a remnant of knowledge by which one arrives at certain knowledge of the correctness of what you say concerning that, ( إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ ) — "if you are truthful" — in your claim for them concerning what you assert. For a claim that is not accompanied by a proof avails the claimant nothing.

    ------------------------

    Footnotes:

    (1) This is a verse from a poem of al-Rāʿī in which he praised Saʿd ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAttāb ibn Asīd; it numbers fifty-seven verses. His saying "dhāt āthāra" means: perhaps a she-camel with fat. Al-athāra, with fatḥa on the hamza, is fat that adheres to other fat; it is also said that it is a remnant of old fat. One says: the she-camel grew fat upon athāra, that is, upon a remnant of fat. "Akimmatihi": their husks, plural of kimām, which is in turn the plural of kimm (with kasra on the kāf), the husk and sheath of the blossom. "Qifāran" and "qafāra": a description of the plants, that is, she grazed them empty, free of competition by others in her grazing. Its origin comes from their saying "ṭaʿām qifār," that is, eaten without a relish. (See Khizānat al-Adab al-Kubrā of al-Baghdādī, 4:251.) Abū ʿUbayda cited the verse as a proof in Majāz al-Qurʾān (folio 222) concerning His word, the Exalted: "aw athāratin min ʿilm," that is, a remnant of fat upon which she has grazed. And whoever reads "athara," that is a maṣdar of atharahu yaʾthuruhu: he mentions it. In (al-Lisān, entry athar): athrat al-ʿilm, athratuhu, and athāratuhu are a remnant of it that is left behind so that it is mentioned. Al-Zajjāj said: athāra has the meaning of sign (ʿalāma). It is also possible that it has the meaning of a remnant of knowledge. The verse is also attributed to al-Shammākh.

    Show original Arabic
    القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَرُونِي مَاذَا خَلَقُوا مِنَ الأَرْضِ أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ اِئْتُونِي بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ هَذَا أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (4) يقول تعالى ذكره: قل يا محمد لهؤلاء المشركين بالله من قومك: أرأيتم أيها القوم الآلهة والأوثان التي تعبدون من دون الله, أروني أيّ شيء خلقوا من الأرض, فإن ربي خلق الأرض كلها, فدعوتموها من أجل خلقها ما خلقت من ذلك آلهة وأربابا, فيكون لكم بذلك في عبادتكم إياها حجة, فإن من حجتي على عبادتي إلهي, وإفرادي له الألوهة, أنه خلق الأرض فابتدعها من غير أصل. وقوله ( أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: أم لآلهتكم التي تعبدونها أيها الناس, شرك مع الله في السموات السبع, فيكون لكم أيضًا بذلك حجة في عبادتكموها, فإن من حجتي على إفرادي العبادة لربي, أنه لا شريك له في خلقها, وأنه المنفرد بخلقها دون كلّ ما سواه. وقوله ( اِئْتُونِي بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ هَذَا ) يقول تعالى ذكره: بكتاب جاء من عند الله من قبل هذا القرآن الذي أُنـزل عليّ, بأن ما تعبدون من الآلهة والأوثان خلقوا من الأرض شيئًا, أو أن لهم مع الله شركًا في السموات, فيكون ذلك حجة لكم على عبادتكم إياها, لأنها إذا صحّ لها ذلك صحت لها الشركة في النِّعم التي أنتم فيها, ووجب لها عليكم الشكر, واستحقت منكم الخدمة, لأن ذلك لا يقدر أن يخلقه إلا الله. وقوله ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ) اختلفت القرّاء في قراءة ذلك, فقرأته عامة قرّاء الحجاز والعراق ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ) بالألف, بمعنى: أو ائتوني ببقية من علم. ورُوي عن أبي عبد الرحمن السلميّ أنه كان يقرؤه " أَوْ أَثَرَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ"، بمعنى: أو خاصة من علم أوتيتموه, وأوثرتم به على غيركم, والقراءة التي لا أستجيز غيرها( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ) بالألف, لإجماع قرّاء الأمصار عليها. واختلف أهل التأويل في تأويلها, فقال بعضهم: معناه: أو ائتوني بعلم بأن آلهتكم خَلَقت من الأرض شيئا, وأن لها شرك في السموات من قبل الخطّ الذي تخطونه في الأرض, فإنكم معشر العرب أهل عيافة وزجر وكهانة. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا بشر بن آدم, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, عن سفيان, عن صفوان بن سليم, عن أبي سلمة, عن ابن عباس ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ) قال: خط كان يخطه العرب في الأرض. حدثنا أبو كُرَيْب, قال: قال أَبو بكر: يعني ابن عياش: الخط: هو العيافة. وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: أو خاصة من علم. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا ابن ثور, عن معمر, عن قتاده ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ) قال: أو خاصة من علم. حدثنا بشر, قال: ثنا يزيد, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ) قال: أي خاصة من علم. حدثنا عبد الوارث بن عبد الصمد بن عبد الوارث, قال: ثني أبي, عن الحسين, عن قتادة ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ) قال: خاصة من علم. وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: أو علم تُشيرونه فتستخرجونه. * ذكر من قال ذلك : حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا ابن ثور, عن معمر, عن الحسن, في قوله: ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ) قال: أثارة شيء يستخرجونه فِطْرة. وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: أو تأثرون ذلك علمًا عن أحد ممن قبلكم؟ * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعًا, عن ابن أَبي نجيح, عن مجاهد ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ) قال: أحد يأثر علما. وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: أو ببينة من الأمر. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني محمد بن سعد, قال: ثني أبي, قال: ثني عمي, قال: ثني أبي, عن أبيه, عن ابن عباس ( أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ) يقول: ببينة من الأمر. وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: ببقية من علم. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا أبو كُريب, قال: سُئل أَبو بكر, يعني ابن عياش عن ( أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ) قال: بقية من علم. وأولى الأقوال في ذلك بالصواب قول من قال: الأثارة: البقية من علم, لأن ذلك هو المعروف من كلام العرب, وهي مصدر من قول القائل: أثر الشيء أثارة, مثل سمج سماجة, وقبح قباحة, كما قال راعي الإبل: وذاتِ أثـــارةٍ أكَـــلَتْ عَلَيْهــا [ نَبَاتًـــا فِــي أكمِتِــهِ قَفَــارا] (1) يعني: وذات بقية من شحم, فأما من قرأه (أَوْ أَثَرَةٍ) فإنه جعله أثرة من الأثر, كما قيل: قترة وغبرة. وقد ذُكر عن بعضهم أنه قرأه (أَوْ أَثْرَةٍ) بسكون الثاء, مثل الرجفة والخطفة, وإذا وجه ذلك إلى ما قلنا فيه من أنه بقية من علم, جاز أن تكون تلك البقية من علم الخط, ومن علم استثير من كُتب الأوّلين, ومن خاصة علم كانوا أوثروا به. وقد رُوي عن رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم في ذلك خبر بأنه تأوّله أنه بمعنى الخط, سنذكره إن شاء الله تعالى, فتأويل الكلام إذن: ائتوني أيها القوم بكتاب من قبل هذا الكتاب, بتحقيق ما سألتكم تحقيقه من الحجة على دعواكم ما تدّعون لآلهتكم, أو ببقية من علم يوصل بها إلى علم صحة ما تقولون من ذلك ( إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ ) في دعواكم لها ما تدّعون, فإن الدعوى إذا لم يكن معها حجة لم تُغن عن المدّعي شيئًا. ------------------------ الهوامش: (1) هذا بيت من قصيدة للراعي ، مدح بها سعد بن عبد الرحمن بن عتاب بن أسيد، عدتها سبعة وخمسون بيتا . وقوله " ذات آثارة " أي رب ناقة ذات سمن . والأثارة ، بفتح الهمزة : شحم متصل بشحم آخر ، ويقال هي بقية من الشحم العتيق ، يقال : سمنت الناقة على أثارة ، أي على بقية شحم . وأكمته : غلفه ، جمع كمام ، وهو جمع كم بكسر الكاف ، وهو غطاء النور وغلافه . وقفارًا وقفارة : وصف للنبات : أي رعته خاليًا لها من مزاحمة غيرها في رعيه . وأصله من قولهم طعام قفار : أي أكل بلا إدام . ( انظر خزانة الأدب الكبرى للبغدادي 4 : 251 ) واستشهد بالبيت أبو عبيدة في مجاز القرآن ( الورقة 222 ) . عند قوله تعالى : " أو أثارة من علم " أي بقية من شحم أكلت عليه . ومن قال : " أثرة " فهو مصدر أثره يأثره : يذكره . وفي ( اللسان : أثر ) : وأثرة العلم وأثرته وأثارته ، بقية منه تؤثر فتذكر . وقال الزجاج أثاره : في معنى علامة . ويجوز أن يكون على معنى بقية من علم ونسب البيت للشماخ.