Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The discourse on the explanation of His statement, the Exalted: وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ (30) (And whatever misfortune befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned; and He pardons much) (30).

   The Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: and whatever befalls you, O people, of misfortune in this worldly life, in yourselves, your families, and your possessions, فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ (it is because of what your hands have earned). He says: that befalls you only as a punishment from Allah upon you for the sins you have committed in what is between you and your Lord, and your Lord pardons you much of your sins, so that He does not punish you for them.

   And in accordance with what we have said about this, the scholars of exegesis have spoken.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, he said: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, he said: Ayyūb related to us, he said: I read in the book of Abū Qilāba, he said: there was revealed: فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ * وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ (Whoever does an atom's weight of good shall see it; and whoever does an atom's weight of evil shall see it), while Abū Bakr — may Allah be pleased with him — was eating, and he stopped and said: O Messenger of Allah, shall I truly see all the good or evil that I have done? Then he said: "What you have seen of what you detest belongs to the atom's weights of evil, and you place the atom's weights of good in trust, until it is bestowed upon you on the Day of Resurrection." He said: Abū Idrīs said: and I see the confirmation of that in the Book of Allah, he said: وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ (And whatever misfortune befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned; and He pardons much).

   Abū Jaʿfar said: this narration was also related by al-Haytham ibn al-Rabīʿ, and he said in it: Ayyūb, on the authority of Abū Qilāba, on the authority of Anas, that Abū Bakr — may Allah be pleased with him — was seated with the Prophet — may Allah bless him and grant him peace — and he mentioned the narration; but that is a mistake, and the correct version is on the authority of Abū Idrīs.

   Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ ... the āya. It was related to us that the Prophet of Allah — may Allah bless him and grant him peace — said: "No scratch from a piece of wood, no stumbling of a foot, and no twitching of a vein befalls the son of Adam except that it is because of a sin; and what He pardons is more."

   Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, he said: my father related to me, he said: my uncle related to me, he said: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning his statement: وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ ... the āya, he said: the punishment of the believers for their sins is hastened, and they are not called to account for it in the Hereafter.

   And others said: no, rather what is meant by it is: and whatever has befallen you in this worldly life of punishment through a prescribed penalty (ḥadd) carried out upon you for a sin you have earned thereby, فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ (it is because of what your hands have earned). He says: because of the disobedience to Allah that you have committed, وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ (and He pardons much), so that He does not make obligatory upon you a prescribed penalty (ḥadd) for it.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, he said: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Ḥasan: وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ ... the āya, he said: this is about the prescribed penalties (ḥudūd). And Qatāda said: it has reached us that no man is afflicted by a stumbling of a foot, a scratch from a piece of wood, or anything of the like, except that it is because of a sin, or else He pardons it; and what He pardons is more.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ (30) يقول تعالى ذكره: وما يصيبكم أيها الناس من مصيبة في الدنيا في أنفسكم وأهليكم وأموالكم ( فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ ) يقول: فإنما يصيبكم ذلك عقوبة من الله لكم بما اجترمتم من الآثام فيما بينكم وبين ربكم ويعفو لكم ربكم عن كثير من إجرامكم, فلا يعاقبكم بها. وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم, قال: ثنا ابن علية, قال: ثنا أيوب, قال: قرأت في كتاب أبي قلابة, قال: نـزلت: فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ * وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ وأبو بكر رضي الله عنه يأكل, فأمسك فقال: يا رسول الله إني لراء ما عملت من خير أو شر؟ فقال: " أرَأيْتَ ما رَأَيْتَ مِمَّا تَكْرَهُ فَهُوَ مِنْ مَثَاقِيلِ ذَرّ الشَّرّ, وَتَدَّخِر مَثاقِيلَ الخَيْرِ حتى تُعْطاهُ يَوْمَ القِيامَةِ", قال: قال أبو إدريس: فأرى مصداقها في كتاب الله, قال: (وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ). قال أبو جعفر: حدّث هذا الحديث الهيثم بن الربيع, فقال فيه أيوب عن أبي قلابة, عن أنس, أن أبا بكر رضي الله عنه كان جالسا عند النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم, فذكر الحديث, وهو غلط, والصواب عن أبي إدريس. حدثنا بشر, قال: ثنا يزيد, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة (وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ).... الآية ذُكر لنا أن نبيّ الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم كان يقول: " لا يُصِيبُ ابْنُ آدَمَ خَدْش عُودٍ, ولا عَثْرَةُ قَدَم, ولا اخْتِلاجُ عِرْقٍ إلا بذَنْب, ومَا يَعْفُو عَنْهُ أكْثَرُ". حدثني محمد بن سعد, قال: ثني أبي, قال: ثني عمي, قال: ثني أبي, عن أبيه, عن ابن عباس, قوله: (وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ).... الآية, قال: يعجل للمؤمنين عقوبتهم بذنوبهم ولا يؤاخذون بها في الآخرة. وقال آخرون: بل عنى بذلك: وما عوقبتم في الدنيا من عقوبة بحدّ حددتموه على ذنب استوجبتموه عليه فبما كسبت أيديكم يمول: فيما عملتم من معصية الله (وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ) فلا يوجب عليكم فيها حدّا. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا ابن ثور, عن معمر, عن الحسن (وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ)... الآية, قال: هذا في الحدود. وقال قتادة: بلغنا أنه ما من رجل يصيبه عثرة قدم ولا خدش عود أو كذا وكذا إلا بذنب, أو يعفو, وما يعفو أكثر.