Tafseer of The Women · An-Nisaa · 4:75
And what is [the matter] with you that you fight not in the cause of Allah and [for] the oppressed among men, women, and children who say, "Our Lord, take us out of this city of oppressive people and appoint for us from Yourself a protector and appoint for us from Yourself a helper?"
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word: وَمَا لَكُمْ لا تُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا أَخْرِجْنَا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ الظَّالِمِ أَهْلُهَا وَاجْعَلْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ وَلِيًّا وَاجْعَلْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ نَصِيرًا ("And what is the matter with you, that you do not fight in the way of Allah and for the oppressed among the men, the women, and the children, who say: 'Our Lord, take us out of this town whose people are unjust, and appoint for us from Yourself a protector, and appoint for us from Yourself a helper'") (4:75).
Abū Jaʿfar [al-Ṭabarī] said: He, exalted be His praise, means by this: "And what is the matter with you", O believers, "that you do not fight (qitāl) in the way of Allah" and for "the oppressed" — He says: on behalf of the oppressed among you — "among the men, the women, and the children". As for the "men": they had come to Islam in Mecca, but their tribes overpowered them by force, did them harm, and inflicted upon them punishment and terrors against their bodies in order to turn them away from their religion. Therefore Allah urged the believers to rescue them from the hands of the unbelievers (kuffār) who had overpowered them, and He said to them: and what is the matter with you, that you do not fight in the way of Allah, and on behalf of the oppressed among the people of your religion and your faith-community, whom the unbelievers have brought to weakness and humiliated, in their striving to put them to trial and to turn them away from their religion? "Among the men, the women, and the children (wildān)" — that is the plural of "walad": these are the boys — "who say: 'Our Lord, take us out of this town whose people are unjust'". He means by this that these oppressed among the men, the women, and the children say in their supplication to their Lord, that He may rescue them from the trial of the polytheists (mushrikīn) who have brought them to weakness: "O our Lord, take us out of this town whose people are unjust".
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The Arabs call every town "qarya" (town/village) — that is to say: which has wronged us and itself, [namely] its people. And it is in this place, according to what the exegetes have explained, "Mecca".
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And "al-ẓālim" ("the unjust") is in the genitive (khafḍ) because it is a qualification of "al-ahl" (the people), and the "hāʾ and alif" that are in it have returned to "al-qarya" (the town). Thus the Arabs act: when a qualification of the noun precedes, in which a referring pronoun to a prior noun is present, then they make its case-ending follow the case-ending of the noun that precedes it, as though it were a qualification thereof. Thus one says: "I passed by the man whose father is noble (al-rajuli al-karīmi abūhu)".
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= "and appoint for us from Yourself a protector" — that is to say: they also say in their supplication: O our Lord, appoint for us from with You a protector (walī), who concerns himself with our affair and guards us from the trial of the unbelievers in which we find ourselves = "and appoint for us from Yourself a helper". They say: and appoint for us from with You someone who helps us against the one who has wronged us among the people of this town whose people are unjust, in that they bar us from Your way, until You give us victory over them and exalt Your religion.
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And in accordance with what we have said about this, the exegetes have spoken.
* Mention of who said that:
9944 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, on the authority of ʿĪsā, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the word of Allah: "among the men, the women, and the children, who say: 'Our Lord, take us out of this town whose people are unjust'", he said: He commanded the believers to fight on behalf of the oppressed believers who were in Mecca.
9945 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: "and the oppressed among the men, the women, and the children" = the boys = "who say: 'Our Lord, take us out of this town whose people are unjust'", [namely] Mecca = He commanded the believers to fight on behalf of oppressed believers who were in Mecca.
9946 — Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Aḥmad ibn al-Mufaḍḍal related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: "And what is the matter with you, that you do not fight in the way of Allah and for the oppressed among the men, the women, and the children, who say: 'Our Lord, take us out of this town whose people are unjust'", he says: and what is the matter with you, that you do not fight in the way of Allah and on behalf of the oppressed = and as for the "town", that is Mecca.
9947 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Suwayd ibn Naṣr related to us, saying: Ibn al-Mubārak informed us, on the authority of ʿUthmān ibn ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning his word: "And what is the matter with you, that you do not fight in the way of Allah and for the oppressed", he said: and on behalf of the oppressed.
9948 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, he said: ʿAbdallāh ibn Kathīr informed me: that he heard Muḥammad ibn Muslim ibn Shihāb say: "And what is the matter with you, that you do not fight in the way of Allah and for the oppressed among the men, the women, and the children", he said: in the way of Allah and in the way of the oppressed.
9949 — Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan and Qatāda, concerning his word: "take us out of this town whose people are unjust", they both said: a man set out from the unjust town toward the righteous town, but death overtook him on the way, and he turned his breast toward the righteous town — and nothing saved him but that. Then the angels of mercy and the angels of punishment disputed over him, and they were commanded to measure the distance to the nearer of the two towns, and they found him a handbreadth closer to the righteous town. And some of them said: Allah brought the righteous town nearer to him, and the angels of mercy took him [his soul] away.
9950 — Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning his word: "and the oppressed among the men, the women, and the children", these are Muslim people who were in Mecca and could not set out from it to emigrate; therefore Allah excused them, and they are those = and his word: "Our Lord, take us out of this town whose people are unjust", that is Mecca.
9950m — Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning his word: "And what is the matter with you, that you do not fight in the way of Allah and for the oppressed among the men, the women, and the children, who say: 'Our Lord, take us out of this town whose people are unjust'", he said: what is the matter with you, that you do not do [it]? You fight on behalf of these weak and needy ones who call upon Allah to take them out of this town whose people are unjust; they have no strength, so what is the matter with you, that you do not fight until Allah rescues these and their religion? He said: and "the town whose people are unjust", [that is] Mecca.