Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of His word: "As for those who believe and do righteous deeds — He will give them their rewards in full and give them more out of His abundance; and as for those who disdained and behaved arrogantly — He will punish them with a painful chastisement (ʿadhāb), and they will find for themselves, besides Allah, neither a protector nor a helper" (4:173)

   Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted means by that: As for the believers who acknowledge the oneness of Allah, submit to Him through obedience, humble themselves before Him through servitude, and perform righteous deeds — and that is: that they come before their Lord while they have believed in Him and in His messengers and have acted according to what His messengers brought them from their Lord, by doing what He commanded them and refraining from what He commanded them to avoid — "He will give them their rewards in full," that is to say: He will give them the recompense for their righteous deeds completely and entirely; "and give them more out of His abundance," by which the Exalted means: and He will give them, on top of what He has promised them of recompense for their righteous deeds and the reward for them, more of favor and increase, the extent of which He has not made known to them and the limit of which He has not delineated for them. And that is because Allah has promised every one of His believing servants who comes with a single good deed tenfold of it in reward and recompense. So that is the reward of every doer for his good deed among the people of faith, the extent of which is delineated; and the increase on top of that is a favor from Allah to them, even though all of that is from His abundance toward His servants. Except that what He has promised His believing servants to give in full, so that He does not diminish for them anything of the reward for their good deeds, is that whose extent is delineated at ten; and the increase on top of that is not delineated in extent, so that He adds to whomever of His creatures He wills, on top of that, as much as He wills, without there being a fixed limit to the extent at which one might stop.

   * * *

   And some said: The increase goes up to seven-hundredfold.

   And others said: up to two thousand.

   I have already previously mentioned the disagreement of those who differed about this, in a manner that makes it unnecessary to repeat it in this place.

   * * *

   And His word: "and as for those who disdained and behaved arrogantly," by that He means: and as for those who deemed themselves too great to acknowledge servitude to Allah and to submit to Him through obedience, and behaved too arrogantly to humble themselves before His divinity and His worship, and to surrender Lordship and oneness to Him; "He will punish them with a painful chastisement (ʿadhāb)," that is to say: a grievous chastisement; "and they will find for themselves, besides Allah, neither a protector nor a helper," that is to say: and those who disdained His worship and behaved arrogantly above that will, when Allah punishes them with His painful chastisement, find for themselves besides Allah no protector who saves them from His chastisement and delivers them from it; "nor a helper," that is to say: nor a helper who helps them and saves them from their Lord and who, by his strength, wards off from them what He has caused to descend upon them of His vengeance, as one used to do for them when someone else among the people of the world treated them with evil in the world, by helping them and standing up for them.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله : فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ فَيُوَفِّيهِمْ أُجُورَهُمْ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ اسْتَنْكَفُوا وَاسْتَكْبَرُوا فَيُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا وَلا يَجِدُونَ لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلا نَصِيرًا (173) قال أبو جعفر: يعني جل ثناؤه بذلك: فأما المؤمنون المقرّون بوحدانية الله، الخاضعون له بالطاعة، المتذلِّلون له بالعبودية، والعاملون الصالحات من الأعمال، وذلك: أن يَرِدُوا على ربهم قد آمنوا به وبرسله، وعملوا بما أتاهم به رسله من عند ربهم، من فعل ما أمرهم به، واجتناب ما أمرهم باجتنابه=" فيوفِّيهم أجورهم "، يقول: فيؤتيهم جزاءَ أعمالهم الصالحة وافيًا تامًّا (18) =" ويزيدهم من فضله "، يعني جل ثناؤه: ويزيدهم على ما وعدهم من الجزاء على أعمالهم الصالحة والثواب عليها، من الفضل والزيادة ما لم يعرّفهم مبلغه، (19) ولم يحدّ لهم منتهاه. وذلك أن الله وعد من جاء من عباده المؤمنين بالحسنة الواحدة عشرَ أمثالها من الثواب والجزاء. فذلك هو أجر كلِّ عامل على عمله الصالح من أهل الإيمان المحدود مبلغه، والزيادة على ذلك تفضُّل من الله عليهم، وإن كان كل ذلك من فضله على عباده. غيرَ أن الذي وعد عبادَه المؤمنين أن يُوفيهم فلا ينقصهم من الثواب على أعمالهم الصالحة، هو ما حَدُّ مبلغه من العَشْر، والزيادة على ذلك غير محدود مبلغها، فيزيد من شاء من خلقه على ذلك قدر ما يشاء، لا حدّ لقَدْره يوقف عليه. * * * وقد قال بعضهم: الزيادة إلى سبعمائة ضعف. وقال آخرون: إلى ألفين. وقد ذكرت اختلاف المختلفين في ذلك فيما مضى قبل، بما أغنى عن إعادته في هذا الموضع . (20) * * * وقوله: " وأما الذين استنكفوا واستكبروا "، فإنه يعني: وأما الذين تعظَّموا عن الإقرار لله بالعبودية، والإذعان له بالطاعة، واستكبروا عن التذلّل لألوهته وعبادته، وتسليم الربوبيّة والوحدانية له=" فيعذبهم عذابًا أليمًا "، يعني: عذابًا موجعًا=" ولا يجدون لهم من دون الله وليًّا ولا نصيرًا "، يقول: ولا يجد المستنكفون من عبادته والمستكبرون عنها، إذا عذبهم الله الأليم من عذابه، سوى الله لأنفسهم وليًّا ينجيهم من عذابه وينقذهم منه=" ولا نصيرًا "، يعني: ولا ناصرًا ينصرهم فيستنقذهم من ربهم، ويدفع عنهم بقوّته ما أحلَّ بهم من نقمته، كالذي كانوا يفعلون بهم إذا أرادهم غيرهم من أهل الدنيا في الدنيا بسوء، من نصرتهم والمدافعة عنهم . (21) ------------------- الهوامش : (18) انظر تفسير"يوفيهم أجورهم" فيما سلف 6 : 465 / 7 : 364. (19) انظر تفسير"الفضل" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة. (20) انظر ما سلف 5 : 512-516. (21) انظر تفسير"ولي" و"نصير" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة.