Tafseer of The Women · An-Nisaa · 4:170
O Mankind, the Messenger has come to you with the truth from your Lord, so believe; it is better for you. But if you disbelieve - then indeed, to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and earth. And ever is Allah Knowing and Wise.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word, exalted is His praise: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الرَّسُولُ بِالْحَقِّ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَآمِنُوا خَيْرًا لَكُمْ وَإِنْ تَكْفُرُوا فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا (170) ("O mankind, the Messenger has indeed come to you with the truth from your Lord; so believe, that is better for you. And if you remain disbelieving, then truly to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth, and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise." (4:170))
Abū Jaʿfar said: By His word, exalted is His praise, "O mankind," He means the polytheists (mushrikīn) of the Arabs and all the remaining kinds of disbelievers. "The Messenger has indeed come to you," that is to say: Muḥammad — the Prophet ﷺ —, he has come to you "with the truth from your Lord," that is to say: with the Islam that Allah has chosen as religion for His servants. By His word "from your Lord" He means: from with your Lord. "So believe, that is better for you," that is to say: affirm him as truthful and affirm what he has brought to you from your Lord of religion, for belief in it is better for you than disbelief in it. "And if you remain disbelieving," that is to say: and if you deny his message and declare him and that which he has brought to you from your Lord to be a lie, then that denial and that declaring of falsehood on your part will harm no one but yourselves; for its evil returns only upon yourselves, and not upon the One who commanded you with that with which He sent His messenger Muḥammad ﷺ to you. That is because to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth, in ownership and as creation, and your disbelief in that which you do not wish to believe of His command, and your disobedience to Him in that in which you disobey Him, will not diminish anything of His kingship and His dominion. "And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise," that is to say: "And Allah is All-Knowing" regarding that to which you will come, whether in obedience to Him in what He has commanded you and in what He has forbidden you, or in disobedience therein — with knowledge on His part of all of that from you, when He commanded you and forbade you. "All-Wise," that is to say: wise in His command to you of that which He has commanded you, and in His prohibition to you of that which He has forbidden you, and in all the rest of His disposing over you and over the rest of His creatures.
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The Arabic linguists differed concerning the reason why His word "khayran lakum" (better for you) is in the accusative (naṣb).
Some of the grammarians of Kūfa said: "khayran" is in the accusative on the grounds of departing from (al-khurūj) that which preceded it in the sentence structure, because that which precedes it already forms a complete sentence, namely His word "fa-āminū" (so believe). He said: I have heard the Arabs do this with every utterance that was complete and to which subsequently, after its completion, a new utterance was joined, in the manner in which "khayr" is joined to what precedes it. Thus one says: "la-taqūmanna khayran lak" (rise indeed, that is better for you), and "law faʿalta dhālika khayran lak" (had you done that, that would be better for you), and "ittaqi llāha khayran lak" (fear Allah, that is better for you). He said: But when the utterance is incomplete, then it can only be in the nominative (rafʿ), as in your statement "in tattaqi llāha khayrun lak" (if you fear Allah, that is better for you), and وَأَنْ تَصْبِرُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ("and that you show patience is better for you") (Sūrat al-Nisāʾ: 25).
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Another of them said: The accusative in "khayr" occurs because the original utterance is: "fa-āminū huwa khayrun lakum" (so believe, that belief is better for you). When the word "huwa" — which is a reference and a verbal noun (maṣdar) — was dropped, the utterance was joined to what preceded it, and what preceded it is definite (maʿrifa), whereas "khayr" is indefinite (nakira), so it came to be in the accusative on account of its connection to the definite. This is because the implicit reference is derived from the verb: "qum fa-l-qiyāmu khayrun lak" (rise, for rising is better for you), and "lā taqum fa-tarku l-qiyāmi khayrun lak" (do not rise, for the omitting of rising is better for you). When this was dropped, it was joined to the first part. He said: Do you not see that the reference to the matter before the predicate is permissible, so that you say to the man: "ittaqi llāha huwa khayrun lak" (fear Allah, that is better for you), that is to say: fearing is better for you? He said: The accusative is not on the grounds of an implicit "yakun" (let it be), for that would lead to an analogy that nullifies this [explanation]. Do you not see that you say: "ittaqi llāha takun muḥsinan" (fear Allah, then you will be one who does good), but that it is not permissible to say: "ittaqi llāha muḥsinan" (fear Allah, doing good) while you imply "kāna," and that it is not correct to say: "unṣurnā akhānā" (help us, our brother) while you intend: "takun akhānā" (you are our brother)? The proponent of this view claimed that he permits this only with "afʿal" (the comparative) in particular, so that you say: "ifʿal hādhā khayran lak" (do this, that is better for you), and "lā tafʿal hādhā khayran lak" (do not do this, that is better for you), and "afḍala lak" (more advantageous for you), but you do not say: "ṣalāḥan lak" (an improvement for you). And he claimed that it is said only with "afʿal," because "afʿal" indicates that this is better than that.
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Some of the grammarians of Baṣra said: "khayran" is in the accusative, because when He said to them "āminū" (believe), He commanded them with that which is better for them; it is as if He said: "iʿmalū khayran lakum" (do that which is better for you). Likewise: انْتَهُوا خَيْرًا لَكُمْ ("desist, that is better for you") (Sūrat al-Nisāʾ: 171). He said: This occurs only with the command and the prohibition in particular, and not with the statement of information — for you do not say: "an antahiya khayran lī" (that I desist, better for me)? Rather it is in the nominative on the grounds of two utterances, because with the command and the prohibition something is implied; it is as if you have transferred the one addressed from the one to the other, for when you said to him "intahi" (desist), it was as if you said to him: "depart from this and enter into something else." And he adduced as evidence the word of the poet ʿUmar ibn Abī Rabīʿa:
"Promise her [a meeting at] the two sidr-trees of Mālik, or at the hillocks that lie between them — choose the easiest."
— just as you say: "wāʿid-hu khayran lak" (promise him [a meeting], that is better for you). He said: And I have also heard the accusative of this in the statement of information; the Arabs say: "ātī l-bayta khayran lī wa-atruku-hu khayran lī" (I come to the house, better for me, and I leave it, better for me), and that is in accordance with what I have explained to you regarding the command and the prohibition.
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Another of them said: "khayran" is in the accusative through an implicit verb, whereby one is content, with respect to that implicit verb, with the statement "lā tafʿal hādhā" (do not do this) or "ifʿal al-khayr" (do good). And he permitted this also with words other than "afʿal," so that he said: "lā tafʿal dhāka ṣalāḥan lak" (do not do that, an improvement for you).
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Another of them said: "khayran" is in the accusative on the grounds of the implicit answer "yakun khayran lakum" (let it be better for you). And he said: so it is with every command and prohibition.
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