Tabari

Tafseer of The Women · An-Nisaa · 4:162

لَّٰكِنِ ٱلرَّٰسِخُونَ فِى ٱلْعِلْمِ مِنْهُمْ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلِكَ ۚ وَٱلْمُقِيمِينَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ ۚ وَٱلْمُؤْتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْءَاخِرِ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ سَنُؤْتِيهِمْ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا

But those firm in knowledge among them and the believers believe in what has been revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and what was revealed before you. And the establishers of prayer [especially] and the givers of zakah and the believers in Allah and the Last Day - those We will give a great reward.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    The explanation of His word: لَكِنِ الرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ مِنْهُمْ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ وَالْمُقِيمِينَ الصَّلاةَ وَالْمُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ أُولَئِكَ سَنُؤْتِيهِمْ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا (But those among them who are firmly grounded in knowledge, and the believers, believe in what has been sent down to you and in what was sent down before you, and those who establish the prayer and give the zakāh and who believe in Allah and the Last Day — to these We shall give a mighty reward) (4:162).

    Abū Jaʿfar said: This, from Allah — exalted be His praise — is an exception; He made an exception out of the People of the Book among the Jews, whose characteristic He described in these preceding verses, beginning from His word: يَسْأَلُكَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ أَنْ تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ كِتَابًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ (The People of the Book ask you to send down upon them a book from heaven).

    Then He — exalted be His praise — said to His servants, making clear to them the ruling concerning those of them whom He has guided to His religion and helped onto the right path: not all the People of the Book have the characteristic that I have described to you, "but those among them who are firmly grounded in knowledge," and they are those who are firmly grounded in the knowledge of the ordinances of Allah which His prophets brought, who mastered it well and knew its reality.

    * * *

    We have already set forth the meaning of "being firmly grounded in knowledge (al-rusūkh fī al-ʿilm)" in a manner that relieves us from repeating it in this place.

    * * *

    = "and the believers," that is: and the believers in Allah and His messengers — they believe in the Qurʾān which Allah has sent down to you, O Muḥammad, and in the Books which He sent down upon the prophets and messengers before you, and they do not ask you, as those ignorant ones among them asked you, to send down upon them a book from heaven — for they know, from what they have read of the Books of Allah and from what their prophets brought them, that you are a messenger of Allah and that following you is obligatory for them, and nothing else befits them — so they have no need to ask you for a miraculous sign or a proof other than what they already know concerning your affair through the knowledge that is firmly grounded in their hearts by the reports of their prophets about it, and through the proofs that I have given you concerning your prophethood. Therefore they believe, on account of their knowledge and their being firmly grounded therein, in you and in what has been sent down to you of the Book, and in what was sent down before you of the remaining Books, as in:

    10836 — Bishr ibn Muʿādh related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "But those among them who are firmly grounded in knowledge, and the believers, believe in what has been sent down to you and in what was sent down before you," Allah made an exception for a group (uthbiyya) out of the People of the Book, and among them were those who believed in Allah and in what was sent down upon them and in what was sent down upon the Prophet of Allah; they believe in it and affirm it, and they know that it is the truth from their Lord.

    * * *

    Then they differed concerning "those who establish the prayer (al-muqīmīn al-ṣalāh)": are they the same as "those who are firmly grounded in knowledge," or are they others than these?

    Some said: they are the same.

    * * *

    Then those who said this differed concerning the reason why the case inflection (iʿrāb) of "al-muqīmīn" differs from the case inflection of "al-rāsikhūn fī al-ʿilm," even though both are the characteristic of one and the same kind of people.

    Some said: that is an error of the scribe, and it ought properly to be: "lākin al-rāsikhūna fī al-ʿilmi minhum wa-al-muqīmūna al-ṣalāta" (in the nominative).

    *Mention of who said that:

    10837 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: al-Ḥajjāj ibn al-Minhāl related to us, saying: Ḥammād ibn Salama related to us, on the authority of al-Zubayr, who said: I said to Abān ibn ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān: How is it that she wrote: "lākin al-rāsikhūna fī al-ʿilmi minhum wa-al-muʾminūna yuʾminūna bimā unzila ilayka wa-mā unzila min qablika wa-al-muqīmīna al-ṣalāta"? He said: When the scribe wrote: "lākin al-rāsikhūna fī al-ʿilmi minhum," until he had reached that point, he said: What shall I write? He was told: Write: "wa-al-muqīmīna al-ṣalāta," and so he wrote what he was told.

    10838 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Abū Muʿāwiya related to us, on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa, on the authority of his father: that he asked ʿĀʾisha about His word: "wa-al-muqīmīna al-ṣalāta," and about His word: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالصَّابِئُونَ [Sūrat al-Māʾida: 69], and about His word: إِنْ هَذَانِ لَسَاحِرَانِ [Sūrat Ṭāhā: 63]. She said: O son of my sister, this is the work of the scribe; they made errors in the writing.

    * * *

    And it is mentioned that in the reading of Ibn Masʿūd it reads: (wa-al-muqīmūna al-ṣalāta) (in the nominative).

    * * *

    Others said — and that is the view of some of the grammarians of Kūfa and Baṣra —: "al-muqīmūna al-ṣalāta" belongs to the characteristic of "al-rāsikhūn fī al-ʿilm," but because the sentence became long and so many words were inserted between "al-rāsikhīn fī al-ʿilm" and "al-muqīmīn al-ṣalāh" that it became long, "al-muqīmīn" was put in the accusative (naṣb) by way of praise (madḥ). They said: and the Arabs do that with the characteristic and description of one and the same thing: when it becomes long with praise or blame, they sometimes deviate in the case inflection between its beginning and its middle, and then at the end return to the case inflection of the beginning. And sometimes they carry the case inflection of the end through onto the case inflection of the middle. And sometimes they carry that through onto a single kind of case inflection. And as proof for their statement they adduced the verses which I have mentioned in His word: وَالْمُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِهِمْ إِذَا عَاهَدُوا وَالصَّابِرِينَ فِي الْبَأْسَاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ (and those who fulfil their covenant when they make a covenant, and those who are patient in adversity and hardship) [Sūrat al-Baqara: 177].

    Others said: No, "al-muqīmūn al-ṣalāh" here belongs to the characteristic of others than "al-rāsikhūn fī al-ʿilm," even though "al-rāsikhūn fī al-ʿilm" belong to "al-muqīmūn al-ṣalāh."

    * * *

    And all who made this statement said: the position of "al-muqīmīn" in its case inflection is the genitive (khafḍ).

    Some of them said: its position is genitive by conjunction (ʿaṭf) onto the "mā" in His word: "yuʾminūna bimā unzila ilayka wa-mā unzila min qablika," and thus: and they believe in al-muqīmīn al-ṣalāh (those who establish the prayer).

    * * *

    Then those who gave this explanation differed concerning the meaning of the sentence.

    Some of them said: the meaning of it is: "and the believers believe in what has been sent down to you and in what was sent down before you," and in the establishment of the prayer. They said: then His word "wa-al-muʾtūna al-zakāh" (and those who give the zakāh) stands in the nominative, by conjunction onto the mention of "the believers" understood in "yuʾminūna," as though it were said: and the believers believe in what has been sent down to you — they and those who give the zakāh.

    * * *

    Others said: No, "al-muqīmūn al-ṣalāh" are the angels. They said: and their establishment of the prayer is their glorification of their Lord and their imploring of forgiveness for whoever is upon the earth. They said: and the meaning of the sentence is: "and the believers believe in what has been sent down to you and in what was sent down before you," and in the angels.

    * * *

    Still others among them said: No, the meaning of it is: "and the believers believe in what has been sent down to you and in what was sent down before you," and they believe in al-muqīmīn al-ṣalāh, they and those who give the zakāh, just as He — exalted be His praise — said: يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَيُؤْمِنُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ (He believes in Allah and gives credence to the believers) [Sūrat al-Tawba: 61].

    * * *

    And those who made this statement denied that "al-muqīmīn" would stand in the accusative by way of praise. They said: the Arabs put in the accusative by way of praise only that which is a description of the one who has been named, after the completion of his predicate (khabar). They said: and the predicate of "al-rāsikhīn fī al-ʿilm" is His word: "to these We shall give a mighty reward." He said: it is therefore not permissible to put "al-muqīmīn" in the accusative by way of praise while it is in the middle of the sentence and the predicate of the subject has not yet been completed.

    * * *

    Others said: the meaning of it is: but those among them who are firmly grounded in knowledge, and among those who establish the prayer. And they said: the position of "al-muqīmīn" is genitive.

    * * *

    Others said: the meaning of it is: and the believers believe in what has been sent down to you, and in (that which has been sent down to) those who establish the prayer.

    * * *

    Abū Jaʿfar said: This view and the preceding one are objectionable in the usage of the Arabs, for the Arabs scarcely make an explicitly stated noun (ẓāhir) conjoin onto a concealed pronoun (mukannī) in the genitive state, even though that has occurred in some of their poetry.

    * * *

    Abū Jaʿfar said: And the most correct of these views, as it appears to me, is that "al-muqīmīn" stands in the position of the genitive, conjoined onto the "mā" in His word: "bimā unzila ilayka wa-mā unzila min qablika," and that the meaning of "al-muqīmīn al-ṣalāh" is directed toward the angels.

    Thus the explanation of the sentence is: "and the believers among them believe in what has been sent down to you," O Muḥammad, of the Book = "and in what was sent down before you," of My Books, and in the angels who establish the prayer. Then He returns to the characteristic of "al-rāsikhūn fī al-ʿilm," and says: but those among them who are firmly grounded in knowledge, and the believers in the Books, and those who give the zakāh, and the believers in Allah and the Last Day.

    * * *

    And we have preferred this over the other views, because it has already been mentioned that in the reading of Ubayy ibn Kaʿb it reads: (wa-al-muqīmīna al-ṣalāta), and thus it is also in his muṣḥaf (codex), according to what they have mentioned. If that were an error of the scribe, then it would necessarily be the case that it would, in all the codices — other than our codex which the scribe who made an error in his writing wrote for us — differ from what it is in our codex. And in the agreement of our codex and the codex of Ubayy in this lies the proof that what stands in our codex of it is correct and not an error. Moreover, if that were an error on the part of the writing, then those from whom the Qurʾān was transmitted, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, would not have taught those whom they instructed among the Muslims this in a manner of grammatical error (laḥn), but they would have corrected it with their tongues and taught it to the community in the correct manner.

    And in the transmission of it as a reading by all the Muslims together, in the manner in which it is recorded in the writing, lies the strongest conceivable proof of its correctness and soundness, and that the scribe has no part in it.

    * * *

    As for him who directed that to the accusative by way of praise for "al-rāsikhīn fī al-ʿilm" — even though that may be acceptable with some remoteness from Arabic usage — it is nonetheless objectionable for the reason previously mentioned by me, namely that the Arabs do not deviate from the case inflection of the described noun (al-ism al-manʿūt) in its description, except after the completion of its predicate. And the speech of Allah — exalted be His praise — is the most eloquent speech, so it is not permissible to interpret it in any way other than the manner that is most [befitting] eloquence.

    * * *

    As for the interpretation of him who directed that to the conjunction onto the "hāʾ" and the "mīm" in His word: "lākin al-rāsikhūna fī al-ʿilmi minhum" = or: onto the conjunction with the "kāf" in His word: "bimā unzila ilayka" = or: onto the "kāf" in His word: "wa-mā unzila min qablika" — that is even further removed from eloquence than his accusative by way of praise, on account of the ugliness, previously mentioned by me, of referring the explicitly stated noun back onto the concealed pronoun in the genitive.

    * * *

    As for the interpretation of him who directed "al-muqīmīn" toward "the establishment (al-iqāma)" (of the prayer), that is an assertion for which there exists no proof from the indication of the outward text of the Revelation, nor any report whose proof is established. And it is not permissible to transfer the outward meaning of the Revelation to an inner meaning without proof.

    * * *

    As for His word: "and those who give the zakāh," that is connected by conjunction with His word: "and the believers believe," and it belongs to their characteristic.

    * * *

    And the explanation of it is: and those who give the zakāh of their possessions to those for whom Allah has designated it and to those to whom He has assigned it = "and the believers in Allah and the Last Day," that is: and those who affirm the oneness of Allah and His divinity, and the resurrection after death, and the reward and the punishment = "to these We shall give a mighty reward," He says: these whose characteristic this is = "We shall give," He says: We shall bestow = "a mighty reward," that is: a recompense for what proceeded from them of obedience to Allah and following of His command, and a mighty reward, and that is the Garden (janna).

    * * *

    Show original Arabic
    القول في تأويل قوله : لَكِنِ الرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ مِنْهُمْ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ وَالْمُقِيمِينَ الصَّلاةَ وَالْمُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ أُولَئِكَ سَنُؤْتِيهِمْ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا (162) قال أبو جعفر: هذا من الله جل ثناؤه استثناء، استثنَى من أهل الكتاب من اليهود الذين وصَف صفتهم في هذه الآيات التي مضت، من قوله: يَسْأَلُكَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ أَنْ تُنَـزِّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ كِتَابًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ . ثم قال جل ثناؤه لعباده، مبينًا لهم حكم من قد هداه لدينه منهم ووفقه لرشده: ما كلُّ أهل الكتاب صفتهم الصفة التي وصفت لكم،" لكن الراسخون في العلم منهم "، وهم الذين قد رَسخوا في العلم بأحكام الله التي جاءت بها أنبياؤه، وأتقنوا ذلك، وعرفوا حقيقته. * * * وقد بينا معنى " الرسوخ في العلم "، بما أغنى عن إعادته في هذا الموضع. (78) * * * =" والمؤمنون " يعني: والمؤمنون بالله ورسله، هم يؤمنون بالقرآن الذي أنـزل الله إليك، يا محمد، وبالكتب التي أنـزلها على من قبلك من الأنبياء والرسل، ولا يسألونك كما سألك هؤلاء الجهلة منهم: (79) أن تنـزل عليهم كتابًا من السماء، لأنهم قد علموا بما قرأوا من كتب الله وأتتهم به أنبياؤهم، أنك لله رسول، واجبٌ عليهم اتباعك، لا يَسعهم غير ذلك، فلا حاجة بهم إلى أن يسألوك آية معجزة ولا دلالة غير الذي قد علموا من أمرك بالعلم الراسخ في قلوبهم من إخبار أنبيائهم إياهم &; 9-394 &; بذلك، وبما أعطيتك من الأدلّة على نبوتك، فهم لذلك من علمهم ورسوخهم فيه، يؤمنون بك وبما أنـزل إليك من الكتاب، وبما أنـزل من قبلك من سائر الكتب، كما:- 10836- حدثنا بشر بن معاذ قال: حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة قوله: " لكن الراسخون في العلم منهم والمؤمنون يؤمنون بما أنـزل إليك وما أنـزل من قبلك "، استثنى الله أُثْبِيَّةً من أهل الكتاب، (80) وكان منهم من يؤمن بالله وما أنـزل عليهم، وما أنـزل على نبي الله، يؤمنون به ويصدّقون، ويعلمون أنه الحق من ربهم. * * * ثم اختلف في" المقيمين الصلاة "، أهم الراسخون في العلم، أم هم غيرهم؟. فقال بعضهم: هم هم. * * * ثم اختلف قائلو ذلك في سبب مخالفة إعرابهم إعراب " الراسخون في العلم " وهما من صفة نوع من الناس. فقال بعضهم: ذلك غلط من الكاتب، (81) وإنما هو: لكن الراسخون في العلم منهم والمقيمون الصلاة. *ذكر من قال ذلك: 10837- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا الحجاج بن المنهال قال، حدثنا حماد بن سلمة، عن الزبير قال: قلت لأبان بن عثمان بن عفان: ما شأنها كتبت: &; 9-395 &; " لكن الراسخون في العلم منهم والمؤمنون يؤمنون بما أنـزل إليك وما أنـزل من قبلك والمقيمين الصلاة "؟ قال: إن الكاتب لما كتب: " لكن الراسخون في العلم منهم "، حتى إذا بلغ قال: ما أكتب؟ قيل له: اكتب: " والمقيمين الصلاة "، فكتب ما قيلَ له. 10838- حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا أبو معاوية، عن هشام بن عروة، عن أبيه: أنه سأل عائشة عن قوله: " والمقيمين الصلاة "، وعن قوله: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالصَّابِئُونَ [سورة المائدة: 69]، وعن قوله: إِنْ هَذَانِ لَسَاحِرَانِ [سورة طه: 63]، فقالت: يا ابن أختي، هذا عمل الكاتب، (82) أخطئوا في الكتاب. * * * وذكر أن ذلك في قراءة ابن مسعود: ( والمقيمون الصلاة ). * * * وقال آخرون، وهو قول بعض نحويي الكوفة والبصرة: " والمقيمون الصلاة "، من صفة " الراسخين في العلم "، ولكن الكلام لما تطاول، واعترض بين " الراسخين في العلم "،" والمقيمين الصلاة " ما اعترض من الكلام فطال، نصب " المقيمين " على وجه المدح. قالوا: والعرب تفعل ذلك في صفة الشيء الواحد ونعته، إذا تطاولت بمدح أو ذم، خالفوا بين إعراب أوله وأوسطه أحيانًا، ثم رجعوا بآخره إلى إعراب أوله. وربما أجروا إعراب آخره على إعراب أوسطه. وربما أجروا ذلك على نوع واحد من الإعراب. واستشهدوا لقولهم ذلك بالآيات التي ذكرتها في قوله: (83) وَالْمُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِهِمْ إِذَا عَاهَدُوا وَالصَّابِرِينَ فِي الْبَأْسَاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ (84) [سورة البقرة: 177]. وقال آخرون: بل " المقيمون الصلاة " من صفة غير " الراسخين في العلم " في هذا الموضع، وإن كان " الراسخون في العلم " من " المقيمين الصلاة ". * * * وقال قائلو هذه المقالة جميعًا: موضع " المقيمين " في الإعراب، خفض. فقال بعضهم: موضعه خفض على العطف على " ما " التي في قوله: " يؤمنون بما أنـزل إليك وما أنـزل من قبلك "، ويؤمنون بالمقيمين الصلاة. * * * ثم اختلف متأوّلو ذلك هذا التأويل في معنى الكلام. (85) فقال بعضهم: معنى ذلك: " والمؤمنون يؤمنون بما أنـزل إليك وما أنـزل من قبلك "، وبإقام الصلاة. قالوا: ثم ارتفع قوله: " والمؤتون الزكاة "، عطفًا على ما في" يؤمنون " من ذكر " المؤمنين "، كأنه قيل: والمؤمنون يؤمنون بما أنـزل إليك، هم والمؤتون الزكاة. * * * وقال آخرون: بل " المقيمون الصلاة "، الملائكة. قالوا: وإقامتهم الصلاة، تسبيحهم ربَّهم، واستغفارهم لمن في الأرض. قالوا: ومعنى الكلام: " والمؤمنون يؤمنون بما أنـزل إليك وما أنـزل من قبلك "، وبالملائكة. * * * وقال آخرون منهم: بل معنى ذلك: " والمؤمنون يؤمنون بما أنـزل إليك وما أنـزل من قبلك "، ويؤمنون بالمقيمين الصلاة، هم والمؤتون الزكاة، كما قال جل ثناؤه: يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَيُؤْمِنُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ [سورة التوبة: 61]. * * * وأنكر قائلو هذه المقالة أن يكون: " المقيمين " منصوبًا على المدح. وقالوا: إنما تنصب العربُ على المدح من نعت من ذكرته بعد تمام خبره. قالوا: وخبر &; 9-397 &; " الراسخين في العلم " قوله: " أولئك سنؤتيهم أجرًا عظيمًا ". قال: فغير جائز نصب " المقيمين " على المدح، وهو في وسط الكلام، ولمّا يتمَّ خبر الابتداء. * * * وقال آخرون: معنى ذلك: لكن الراسخون في العلم منهم، ومن المقيمين الصلاة. وقالوا: موضع " المقيمين "، خفض. * * * وقال آخرون: معناه: والمؤمنون يؤمنون بما أنـزل إليك، وإلى المقيمين الصلاة. * * * قال أبو جعفر: وهذا الوجه والذي قبله، منكرٌ عند العرب، ولا تكاد العرب تعطف بظاهر على مكنيٍّ في حال الخفض، (86) وإن كان ذلك قد جاء في بعض أشعارها. (87) * * * قال أبو جعفر: وأولى الأقوال عندي بالصواب، أن يكون " المقيمين " في موضع خفض، نسَقًا على " ما "، التي في قوله: " بما أنـزل إليك وما أنـزل من قبلك "= وأن يوجه معنى " المقيمين الصلاة "، إلى الملائكة. فيكون تأويل الكلام: " والمؤمنون منهم يؤمنون بما أنـزل إليك "، يا محمد، من الكتاب=" وبما أنـزل من قبلك "، من كتبي، وبالملائكة الذين يقيمون الصلاة. ثم يرجع إلى صفة " الراسخين في العلم "، فيقول: لكن الراسخون في العلم منهم والمؤمنون بالكتب والمؤتون الزكاة والمؤمنون بالله واليوم الآخر. * * * وإنما اخترنا هذا على غيره، لأنه قد ذكر أن ذلك في قراءة أبيّ بن كعب ( وَالْمُقِيمِينَ الصَّلاةَ )، وكذلك هو في مصحفه، فيما ذكروا. فلو كان ذلك خطأ من الكاتب، لكان الواجب أن يكون في كل المصاحف= غير مصحفنا الذي &; 9-398 &; كتبه لنا الكاتب الذي أخطأ في كتابه= بخلاف ما هو في مصحفنا. وفي اتفاق مصحفنا ومصحف أبيّ في ذلك، ما يدل على أنّ الذي في مصحفنا من ذلك صواب غير خطأ. مع أن ذلك لو كان خطأ من جهة الخطِّ، لم يكن الذين أخذ عنهم القرآن من أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يُعلِّمون من علَّموا ذلك من المسلمين على وجه اللحن، ولأصلحوه بألسنتهم، ولقَّنوه الأمة تعليمًا على وجه الصواب. (88) وفي نقل المسلمين جميعًا ذلك قراءةً، على ما هو به في الخط مرسومًا، أدلُّ الدليل على صحة ذلك وصوابه، وأن لا صنع في ذلك للكاتب. (89) * * * وأما من وجَّه ذلك إلى النصب على وجه المدح لـ" الراسخين في العلم "، = وإن كان ذلك قد يحتمل على بُعدٍ من كلام العرب، لما قد ذكرت قبل من العلة، (90) وهو أن العرب لا تعدِل عن إعراب الاسم المنعوت بنعت في نَعْته إلا بعد تمام خبره. وكلام الله جل ثناؤه أفصح الكلام، فغير جائز توجيهه إلا إلى الذي هو [أولى] به من الفصاحة. (91) * * * وأما توجيه من وجّه ذلك إلى العطف به على " الهاء " و " الميم " في قوله: " لكن الراسخون في العلم منهم "= أو: إلى العطف به على " الكاف " من قوله: " بما أنـزل إليك "= أو: إلى " الكاف " من قوله: " وما أنـزل من قبلك "، فإنه أبعد من الفصاحة من نصبه على المدح، لما قد ذكرت قبل من قُبْح ردِّ الظاهر على المكنيّ في الخفض. * * * وأما توجيه من وجه " المقيمين " إلى " الإقامة "، فإنه دعوى لا برهان عليها من دلالة ظاهر التنـزيل، ولا خبر تثبت حجته. وغير جائز نقل ظاهر التنـزيل إلى باطن بغير برهان. * * * وأما قوله: " والمؤتون الزكاة "، فإنه معطوف به على قوله: " والمؤمنون يؤمنون "، وهو من صفتهم. * * * وتأويله: والذين يعطون زكاة أموالهم مَن جعلها الله له وصرفها إليه=" والمؤمنون بالله واليوم الآخر "، يعني: والمصدّقون بوحدانية الله وألوهته، (92) والبعث بعد الممات، والثواب والعقاب=" أولئك سنؤتيهم أجرًا عظيمًا "، يقول: هؤلاء الذين هذه صفتهم=" سنؤتيهم "، يقول: سنعطيهم=" أجرًا عظيمًا "، يعني: جزاءً على ما كان منهم من طاعة الله واتباع أمره، وثوابًا عظيمًا، وذلك الجنة. (93) * * * --------------- الهوامش : (78) انظر تفسير"الراسخون في العلم" فيما سلف 6 : 201 - 208. (79) في المطبوعة: "كما سأل هؤلاء" ، وأثبت ما في المخطوطة. (80) في المطبوعة: "ثنية" ، ولا معنى لها ، وفي المخطوطة كما كتبتها ، ولكن أخطأ في نقطها ، ووضع الألف قبلها مضطربة ، كأنه شك في قراءة الكلمة. و"الأثبية" (بضم الألف وسكون الثاء ، وكسر الباء ، بعدها ياء مفتوحة مشددة) و"الثبة" (بضم الثاء ، وفتح الباء): الجماعة من الناس ، وجمع الأولى"أثابي" (بتشديد الياء) ، وجمع الثانية"ثبات" (بضم الثاء) و"ثبون" (بضم الثاء وكسرها). (81) انظر رد أبي جعفر هذه المقالة فيما سيأتي ص: 397 ، 398 ، وهو من أحكم الردود التي احتكم فيها إلى حسن التمييز. (82) في المطبوعة: "عمل الكتاب" ، وأثبت ما في المخطوطة ، وهو صواب محض. (83) في المطبوعة: "بالآيات التي ذكرناها" ، وهو خطأ محض ، والصواب من المخطوطة ، ومن مراجعة المرجع الذي أشار إليه. (84) انظر ما سلف 3 : 352-354. ثم انظر معاني القرآن الفراء 1 : 105-108. (85) في المطبوعة والمخطوطة: "متأولو ذلك في هذا التأويل" ، و"في" زائدة من الناسخ بلا شك عندي. (86) في المطبوعة: "لظاهر" باللام ، والصواب من المخطوطة. (87) انظر ما سلف 7 : 519 ، 520. (88) في المطبوعة: "ولقنوه للأمة" باللام ، وهو تغيير سيء قبيح. (89) هذه الحجة التي ساقها إمامنا أبو جعفر رضي الله عنه ، هي حجة فقيه بمعاني الكلام ، ووجوه الرأي. وهي حجة رجل عالم محيط بأساليب العلم ، عارف بما توجبه شواهد النقل ، وأدلة العقل. وقد تناول ذلك جمهور من أئمتنا ، ولكن لا تزال حجة أبي جعفر أقوم حجة في رد هذه الرواية التي نسبت إلى عائشة أم المؤمنين. (90) في المطبوعة: "لما قد ذكرنا ..."؛ وأثبت ما في المخطوطة. (91) الزيادة بين القوسين ، يستوجبها السياق. (92) في المطبوعة: "وألوهيته" ، وأثبت ما في المخطوطة. (93) انظر تفسير"الإيتاء" و"الأجر" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة.