Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   He — exalted be His praise — said to His servants, warning them against their straying and their unbelief: "They are the ones who are truly the unbelievers." He says: O people, these whose characteristic I have described to you, they are the people of unbelief in Me, those who deserve My punishment and abiding eternally in My Fire in truth. Be certain of this, and let not their fabrication of lies cause you to doubt concerning their affair, nor their claim that they acknowledge what they claim to acknowledge of the Books and the messengers. For they, in their claim of all that, are liars. That is so because the one who believes in the Books and the messengers is the one who acknowledges everything that is in the Book which he claims to acknowledge, and everything that the messenger brought in whom he claims to believe. As for the one who acknowledges part of it and denies part of it, he is a rejecter of the prophethood of the one part of whose message he denied; and whoever denies the prophethood of a prophet is a denier of him. And these, who denied the prophethood of some of the prophets and claimed that they believed in a part, they deny the one in whom they claimed to believe, because of their denial of part of what came to them from their Lord. Thus are they, with respect to Allah and His messengers — those whom they claim to acknowledge, and those whom they claim to deny — unbelievers (kāfirūn). They are therefore the real deniers of the oneness of Allah and the prophethood of His prophets, the real rejecters thereof. So beware that you be not misled by them and by their heresy (bidʿa), for We have prepared for them a humiliating punishment.

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   As for His word: "And We have prepared for the unbelievers a humiliating punishment," He means: "And We have prepared" for whoever denies Allah and His messenger like this denial of those whose affair I have described to you, O people, of the People of the Book, and for others among all kinds of unbelievers (kuffār) = "a punishment" in the Hereafter = "humiliating," that is to say: it humiliates the one who is punished with it through his abiding eternally therein.

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   And in accordance with what we have said concerning the interpretation of this, the people of interpretation (ahl al-taʾwīl) have spoken.

   *Mention of who said that:

   10765 — Bishr ibn Muʿādh related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "Indeed, those who do not believe in Allah and His messengers and wish to make a distinction between Allah and His messengers and say, 'We believe in a part and reject a part,' and wish to take a way in between * they are the ones who are truly the unbelievers, and We have prepared for the unbelievers a humiliating punishment": these are the enemies of Allah, the Jews and the Christians. The Jews believed in the Torah and in Mūsā, and rejected the Gospel and ʿĪsā. And the Christians believed in the Gospel and in ʿĪsā, and rejected the Qurʾān and Muḥammad ﷺ. Thus they adopted Judaism and Christianity — and both are heresies that are not from Allah — and abandoned Islam, which is the religion of Allah with which He sent His messengers.

   10766 — Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Aḥmad ibn al-Mufaḍḍal related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: "Indeed, those who do not believe in Allah and His messengers and wish to make a distinction between Allah and His messengers," they say: Muḥammad is not a messenger of Allah! And the Jews say: ʿĪsā is not a messenger of Allah! Thus they have made a distinction between Allah and His messengers = "and they say: 'We believe in a part and reject a part,'" these therefore believe in a part and reject a part.

   10767 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, saying: Ibn Jurayj said concerning His word: "Indeed, those who do not believe in Allah and His messengers," up to His word: "a way in between," he said: the Jews and the Christians. The Jews believed in ʿUzayr and rejected ʿĪsā, and the Christians believed in ʿĪsā and rejected ʿUzayr. Thus they believed in the one prophet and rejected the other = "and they wish to take a way in between," he said: a religion by which they worship Allah.

   Show original Arabic

   فقال جل ثناؤه لعباده، منبهًا لهم على ضلالتهم وكفرهم: " أولئك هم الكافرون حقًّا " ، يقول: أيها الناس، هؤلاء الذين وصفت لكم صفتهم، هم أهل الكفر بي، المستحقون عذابي والخلود في ناري حقًّا. فاستيقنوا ذلك، ولا يشككنَّكم في أمرهم انتحالهم الكذب، ودعواهم أنهم يقرُّون بما زعموا أنهم به مقرُّون من الكتب والرسل، فإنهم في دعواهم ما ادعوا من ذلك كَذَبَةٌ. وذلك أن المؤمن بالكتب والرسل، هو المصدّق بجميع ما في الكتاب الذي يزعم أنه به مصدق، وبما جاء به الرسول الذي يزعم أنه به مؤمن. فأما من صدّق ببعض ذلك وكذَّب ببعض، فهو لنبوة من كذب ببعض ما جاء به جاحد، ومن جحد نبوة نبي فهو به مكذب. وهؤلاء الذين جحدوا نبوة بعض الأنبياء، وزعموا أنهم مصدقون ببعض، مكذبون من زعموا أنهم به مؤمنون، لتكذيبهم ببعض ما جاءهم به من عند ربهم، فهم بالله وبرسله= الذين يزعمون أنهم بهم مصدقون، والذين يزعمون أنهم بهم مكذبون= كافرون، (21) فهم الجاحدون وحدانية الله ونبوّة أنبيائه حق الجحود، المكذبون بذلك حق التكذيب. فاحذروا أن تغتروا بهم وببدعتهم، فإنا قد أعتدنا لهم عذابًا مهينًا. * * * وأما قوله: " وأعتدنا للكافرين عذابًا مهينًا "، فإنه يعني: " وأعتدنا " لمن جحد بالله ورسوله جحودَ هؤلاء الذين وصفت لكم، أيها الناس، أمرَهم من أهل الكتاب، ولغيرهم من سائر أجناس الكفار (22) =" عذابًا "، في الآخرة=" مهينًا "، يعني: يهين من عُذِّب به بخلوده فيه. (23) * * * وبنحو الذي قلنا في تأويل ذلك قال أهل التأويل. *ذكر من قال ذلك: 10765- حدثنا بشر بن معاذ قال، حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة قوله: " إن الذين يكفرون بالله ورسله ويريدون أن يفرِّقوا بين الله ورسله ويقولون نؤمن ببعض ونكفر ببعض ويريدون أن يتخذوا بين ذلك سبيلا * أولئك هم الكافرون حقًّا وأعتدنا للكافرين عذابًا مهينًا "، أولئك أعداء الله اليهود والنصارى. آمنت اليهود بالتوراة وموسى، وكفروا بالإنجيل وعيسى. وآمنت النصارى بالإنجيل وعيسى، وكفروا بالقرآن وبمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم. فاتخذوا اليهودية والنصرانية، وهما بدعتان ليستا من الله، وتركوا الإسلام وهو دين الله الذي بعث به رُسله. 10766- حدثنا محمد بن الحسين قال، حدثنا أحمد بن مفضل قال، حدثنا أسباط، عن السدي: " إن الذين يكفرون بالله ورسله ويريدون أن يفرقوا بين الله ورسله "، يقولون: محمد ليس برسولٍ لله! وتقول اليهود: عيسى ليس برسولٍ لله! (24) فقد فرَّقوا بين الله وبين رسله=" ويقولون نؤمن ببعض ونكفر ببعض "، فهؤلاء يؤمنون ببعض ويكفرون ببعض. 10767- حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج قال، قال ابن جريج قوله: " إن الذين يكفرون بالله ورسله " إلى قوله: " بين ذلك سبيلا "، قال: اليهود والنصارى. آمنت اليهود بعُزَير وكفرت بعيسى، وآمنت النصارى بعيسى وكفرت بعزَير. وكانوا يؤمنون بالنبيّ ويكفرون بالآخر=" ويريدون أن يتخذوا بين ذلك سبيلا "، قال: دينًا يدينون به الله. --------------- الهوامش : (21) سياق هذه الجملة: "فهم بالله وبرسله ... كافرون" ، وما بينها فصل في صفة هؤلاء الرسل. (22) انظر تفسير"أعتد" فيما سلف 8 : 103 ، 355. (23) انظر تفسير"مهين" فيما سلف: ص163 ، تعليق : 4 ، والمراجع هناك. (24) في الموضعين ، في المخطوطة والمطبوعة: "برسول الله" ، والسياق يقتضي ما أثبت.