Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   And His statement: wa-idh yaqūlu al-munāfiqūna wa-alladhīna fī qulūbihim maraḍ ("And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease said") — doubt concerning the faith (īmān) and weakness in their conviction regarding it: "Allah and His Messenger have promised us nothing but delusion." And that was, according to what has been related, the statement of Muʿattib ibn Qushayr.

   And in terms similar to what we have said about this, the people of interpretation (ahl al-taʾwīl) have expressed themselves.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, saying: Yazīd ibn Rūmān related to me: wa-idh yaqūlu al-munāfiqūna wa-alladhīna fī qulūbihim maraḍun mā waʿadanā Allāhu wa-rasūluhu illā ghurūrā ("And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease said: 'Allah and His Messenger have promised us nothing but delusion'") — he says: Muʿattib ibn Qushayr, when he said what he said on the Day of the Trench (al-Khandaq).

   Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His statement: wa-idh yaqūlu al-munāfiqūna wa-alladhīna fī qulūbihim maraḍ ("And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease said") — he said: they spoke that day with hypocrisy (nifāq), while the believers spoke with the truth and with faith: qālū hādhā mā waʿadanā Allāhu wa-rasūluhu ("they said: 'This is what Allah and His Messenger promised us'").

   Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement: wa-idh yaqūlu al-munāfiqūna wa-alladhīna fī qulūbihim maraḍun mā waʿadanā Allāhu wa-rasūluhu illā ghurūrā ("And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease said: 'Allah and His Messenger have promised us nothing but delusion'") — he said: that was said by some people of the hypocrites: "Muḥammad used to promise us the conquest of Persia and Byzantium, and here we are besieged, so that none of us can even go out to relieve himself; Allah and His Messenger have promised us nothing but delusion."

   Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said: a man said on the Day of the Confederates (al-Aḥzāb) to a man among the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ: "O so-and-so, what do you think of what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ says: 'When Caesar perishes, there will be no Caesar after him, and when Chosroes perishes, there will be no Chosroes after him, and by Him in whose hand is my soul, their treasures will surely be spent in the path of Allah' — how does this stand against that, while none of us can go out to urinate out of fear? mā waʿadanā Allāhu wa-rasūluhu illā ghurūrā ('Allah and His Messenger have promised us nothing but delusion')?" The other said to him: "You lie, I will surely inform the Messenger of Allah ﷺ of your statement." He said: and he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and informed him. Then he summoned him and said: "What did you say?" He said: "He has lied about me, O Messenger of Allah, I said nothing, this never came out of my mouth." Allah said: yaḥlifūna bi-Allāhi mā qālū wa-laqad qālū kalimata al-kufr ("They swear by Allah that they said nothing, while they certainly spoke the word of unbelief (kufr)") — until He reached: wa-mā lahum fī al-arḍi min waliyyin wa-lā naṣīr ("and they have on earth no protector and no helper"). He said: and this is Allah's statement: in naʿfu ʿan ṭāʾifatin minkum nuʿadhdhib ṭāʾifatan ("If We pardon a group of you, We will punish another group").

   Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Khālid ibn ʿAthma related to us, saying: Kathīr ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn ʿAwf al-Muzanī related to us, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, saying: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ drew the line of the Trench (al-Khandaq) in the year in which the Confederates are mentioned, from Aḥmar al-Shaykhayn, on the side of the Banū Ḥāritha, until he reached al-Madhād, and he allotted forty cubits between every ten men. Then the Emigrants (Muhājirūn) and the Helpers (Anṣār) disputed over Salmān the Persian — he was a strong man — and the Anṣār said: "Salmān is of us," and the Muhājirūn said: "Salmān is of us." Thereupon the Prophet ﷺ said: "Salmān is of us, the people of the House." ʿAmr ibn ʿAwf said: and I, Salmān, Ḥudhayfa ibn al-Yamān, al-Nuʿmān ibn Muqarrin al-Muzanī, and six men of the Anṣār were in a stretch of forty cubits, and we dug beneath a palm tree until we reached the moist earth. Allah brought forth from the bottom of the Trench a white, hard rock [marwa], which broke our iron and put us in difficulty. We said: "O Salmān, climb up to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and inform him of this rock, for either we deviate from it — the deviation is near — or he commands us concerning it what he commands, for we do not wish to overstep his line." Salmān climbed up until he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, while he had a Turkish tent pitched over him, and said: "O Messenger of Allah, by our father and mother, a white, hard rock has come up from the bottom of the Trench which has broken our iron and put us in difficulty, so that little nor much comes off it; command us your command concerning it, for we do not wish to overstep your line." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ descended with Salmān into the Trench, and we, the nine, climbed up to the edge of the Trench. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took the pickaxe of Salmān and struck the rock a blow that split it, and out of it flashed a lightning that lit up everything between its two rock faces — that is, the two lava fields of Medina — as though it were a lamp in a dark house. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called out the takbīr of victory, and the Muslims called out the takbīr. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck it a second time, and he split it, and out of it flashed a lightning that lit up everything between its two rock faces, as though it were a lamp in a dark house. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called out the takbīr of victory, and the Muslims called out the takbīr. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck it a third time and broke it, and out of it flashed a lightning that lit up everything between its two rock faces, as though it were a lamp in a dark house. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called out the takbīr of victory. Then he took the hand of Salmān and climbed up, and Salmān said: "By my father and mother, O Messenger of Allah, I have seen something I have never seen before." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned to the people and said: "Did you see what Salmān says?" They said: "Yes, O Messenger of Allah, by our father and mother, we saw you strike, and there came out lightning like waves, and we saw you call out the takbīr, and we called out the takbīr, and we saw nothing but that." He said: "You have spoken the truth. I struck my first blow, and the lightning that you saw, by it the palaces of al-Ḥīra and the cities of Chosroes were lit up for me, as though they were dogs' teeth, and Jibrāʾīl, peace be upon him, informed me that my community (umma) will be victorious over them. Then I struck my second blow, and the lightning that you saw, by it the red palaces of the land of Byzantium were lit up for me, as though they were dogs' teeth, and Jibrāʾīl, peace be upon him, informed me that my community will be victorious over them. Then I struck my third blow, and the lightning that you saw come out of it, by it the palaces of Ṣanʿāʾ were lit up for me, as though they were dogs' teeth, and Jibrāʾīl, peace be upon him, informed me that my community will be victorious over them. So rejoice" — He conveys to them the victory — "and rejoice" — He conveys to them the victory — "and rejoice" — He conveys to them the victory. Thereupon the Muslims rejoiced and said: "Praise be to Allah, a truthful promise, that He has promised us victory after the siege." Then the Confederates arrived in full strength, and the Muslims said: hādhā mā waʿadanā Allāhu wa-rasūluhu ("This is what Allah and His Messenger promised us"), the verse; and the hypocrites said: "Do you not marvel — he tells you tales, flatters you, and promises you falsehood; he informs you that from Yathrib he sees the palaces of al-Ḥīra and the cities of Chosroes, and that they will be conquered for you, while you dig the Trench out of fear and dare not even come out." And then the Qurʾān was sent down: wa-idh yaqūlu al-munāfiqūna wa-alladhīna fī qulūbihim maraḍun mā waʿadanā Allāhu wa-rasūluhu illā ghurūrā ("And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease said: 'Allah and His Messenger have promised us nothing but delusion'").

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   The footnotes:

   (11) In al-Mawāhib al-Ladunniyya with the commentary of al-Zurqānī (2:102): al-Ṭabarānī related with a chain that is not unreliable, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn ʿAwf al-Muzanī, that he ﷺ drew the line of the Trench from Aḥmar al-Shaykhayn ... and they are two fortresses on the side of the Banū Ḥāritha, until he reached al-Madhād ...

   (12) Thus this expression has been transmitted, and perhaps it is corrupted. "Dūbār" is a Persian word meaning "twice." And his words "until we reached" are perhaps: "until we reached."

   (13) In some sources: "round" [mudawwara]. And al-ṣarā is the water.

   Show original Arabic

   وقوله: ( وَإِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ ) شكّ في الإيمان وضعف في اعتقادهم إياه: ما وعدنا الله ورسوله إلا غرورا، وذلك فيما ذكر قول معتب بن قشير. وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق، قال: ثني يزيد بن رومان (وَإِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلا غُرُورًا) يقول: معتب بن قشير، إذ قال ما قال يوم الخندق. حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى، وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد قوله: ( وَإِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ ) قال: تكلمهم بالنفاق يومئذ وتكلم المؤمنون بالحقّ والإيمان قَالُوا هَذَا مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ . حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة قوله: ( وَإِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلا غُرُورًا ) قال: قال ذلك أُناس من المنافقين، قد كان محمد يعدنا فتح فارس والروم، وقد حصرنا هاهنا، حتى ما يستطيع أحدنا أن يبرز لحاجته، ما وعدنا الله ورسوله إلا غرورا. حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، قال: قال رجل يوم الأحزاب لرجل من صحابة النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم: يا فلان أرأيت إذ يقول رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " إذَا هَلَكَ قَيْصَرُ فَلا قَيْصَرَ بَعْدَهُ، وَإذَا هَلَكَ كِسْرَى فَلا كِسْرَى بَعْدَهُ، والَّذي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَتُنْفَقَنَّ كُنُوزُهُما في سَبِيلِ اللهِ" فأين هذا من هذا، وأحدنا لا يستطيع أن يخرج يبول من الخوف (ما وَعَدَنا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إلا غُرُورا)؟ فقال له: كذبت، لأخبرنّ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم خبرك، قال: فأتى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فأخبره، فدعاه فقال: " ما قلت؟" فقال: كذب عليّ يا رسول الله، ما قلت شيئًا، ما خرج هذا من فمي قطّ، قال الله: يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ مَا قَالُوا وَلَقَدْ قَالُوا كَلِمَةَ الْكُفْرِ ... حتى بلغ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِي الأَرْضِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلا نَصِيرٍ قال: فهذا قول الله: إِنْ نَعْفُ عَنْ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْكُمْ نُعَذِّبْ طَائِفَةً . حدثنا ابن بشار، قال: ثنا محمد بن خالد بن عثمة، قال: ثنا كثير بن عبد الله بن عمرو بن عوف المزني، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، قال: خطّ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الخندق عام ذكرت الأحزاب، من أحمر الشيخين (11) طرف بني حارثة، حتى بلغ المذاد، ثم جعل أربعين ذراعا بين كلّ عشرة، فاختلف المهاجرون والأنصار في سلمان الفارسي، وكان رجلا قويا، فقال الأنصار: سلمان منا، وقال المهاجرون: سلمان منا، فقال النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم: " سَلْمانُ منَّا أهْلَ البَيْت ". قال عمرو بن عوف: فكنت أنا وسلمان وحُذيفة بن اليمان والنعمان بن مقرن المزني، وستة من الأنصار، في أربعين ذراعا، فحفرنا تحت دوبار حتى بلغنا (12) الصرى، أخرج الله من بطن الخندق صخرة بيضاء مروة (13) فكسرت حديدنا، وشقّت علينا، فقلنا: يا سلمان، ارق إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فأخبره خبر هذه الصخرة، فإما أن نعدل عنها، فإن المعدل قريب، وإما أن يأمرنا فيها بأمره، فإنا لا نحبّ أن نجاوز خطه. فرقي سلمان حتى أتى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو ضارب عليه قبة تركية، فقال: يا رسول الله بأبينا أنت وأمنا خرجت صخرة بيضاء من بطن الخندق مروة، فكسرت حديدنا، وشقَّت علينا حتى ما يجيء منها قليل ولا كثير، فمرنا فيها بأمرك، فإنا لا نحب أن نجاوز خطك، فهبط رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مع سلمان في الخندق، ورقينا نحن التسعة على شفة الخندق، فأخذ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم المعول من سلمان، فضرب الصخرة ضربة صدعها، وبرقت منها برقة أضاءت ما بين لابتيها -يعني لابتي المدينة- حتى لكأن مصباحا في جوف بيت مظلم، فكبر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم تكبير فتح، وكبر المسلمون ثم ضربها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الثانية، فصدعها وبرقت منها برقة أضاءت ما بين لابتيها، حتى لكأن مصباحا في جوف بيت مظلم، فكبر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم تكبير فتح، وكبر المسلمون، ثم ضربها وسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الثالثة فكسرها، وبرقت منها برقة أضاءت ما بين لابتيها، حتى لكأن مصباحا في جوف بيت مظلم، فكبر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم تكبير فتح، ثم أخذ بيد سلمان فرقي، فقال سلمان: بأبي أنت وأمي يا رسول الله، لقد رأيت شيئا ما رأيته قطّ، فالتفت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى القوم، فقال: " هَلْ رأيْتُمْ ما يقُولُ سَلْمانُ؟" قَالُوا: نعم يا رسول الله بأبينا أنت وأمنا، وقد رأيناك تضرب، فيخرج برق كالموج، فرأيناك تكبر فنكبر، ولا نرى شيئا غير ذلك، قال: " صَدَقْتُمْ ضَرَبْتُ ضَرْبَتِي الأولى، فَبَرقَ الَّذِي رأيتم أضَاءَ لي مِنْهُ قُصُورُ الحِيرَة وَمَدَائِنُ كِسْرَى، كأنَّها أنْيابُ الكِلاب، فأخْبَرَنِي جَبْرَائِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ أنَّ أُمَّتِي ظاهِرَةٌ عَلَيْها، ثُمَّ ضَرَبْتُ ضَرْبَتي الثَّانيَةَ، فَبَرقَ الَّذِي رأيْتُمْ، أضَاءَ لي مِنْهُ قُصُورُ الحُمْر مِنْ أرْضِ الرُّومِ، كأنَّها أنْيابُ الكِلاب، وأخْبَرَنِي جَبْرائِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ أنَّ أُمَّتِي ظاهِرَةٌ عَلَيْها، ثُمَّ ضَرَبْتُ ضَرْبَتِي الثَّالِثَةَ، وَبَرَقَ مِنْها الَّذِي رأيْتُمْ، أضَاءَتْ لِي مِنْها قُصُورُ صَنْعاءَ، كأنَّها أنْيابُ الكلاب، وأخْبَرَنِي جَبْرائِيلُ عَلَيْه السَّلامُ أنَّ أُمَّتِي ظاهِرَةٌ عَلَيْها، فأبْشِرُوا " يُبَلِّغُهُمُ النَّصْر، " وأبْشرُوا " يُبَلِّغُهُمُ النَّصْر، " وأبْشِرُوا " يُبَلِّغُهُمُ النَّصْر؛ فاستبشر المسلمون، وقالوا: الحمد لله موعود صدق، بأن وعدنا النصر بعد الحصر، فطبقت الأحزاب، فقال المسلمون هَذَا مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ... الآية، وقال المنافقون: ألا تعجبون يحدّثكم ويمنيكم ويعدكم الباطل، يخبركم أنه يبصر من يثرب قصور الحيرة ومدائن كسرى، وأنها تفتح لكم وأنتم تحفرون الخندق من الفرق، ولا تستطيعون أن تبرزوا وأنـزل القرآن ( وَإِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلا غُرُورًا ). ---------------------- الهوامش : (11) في المواهب اللدنية بشرح الزرقاني (2 : 102) روى الطبراني بسند لا بأس به عن عمرو بن عوف المزني، أنه صلى الله عليه وسلم خط الخندق من أخمر الشيخين ... وهما أطمان طرف بني حارثة، حتى بلغ المذاد ... (12) هكذا جاءت هذه العبارة، ولعلها محرفة. و "ذوبار": لفظة فارسية، معناها: مرتين. وقوله: حتى بلغنا: لعلها: حتى إذا بلغنا. (13) في بعض المراجع: مدورة. والصرى: الماء.