Tafseer of The Romans · Ar-Room · 30:18
And to Him is [due all] praise throughout the heavens and the earth. And [exalted is He] at night and when you are at noon.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
( وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ ) ("And to Him belongs all praise in the heavens and on the earth"). He says: and to Him, and to none other, belongs the praise of all His creatures; ( فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ ) ("in the heavens") from their inhabitants among the angels, ( وَالأرْضِ ) ("and on the earth") from its inhabitants, from all the kinds of His creatures therein. ( وَعَشِيًّا ) ("and in the late afternoon"). He says: and glorify Him also in the late afternoon, and that is the prayer of the late afternoon hour (ʿaṣr). ( وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ ) ("and when you reach midday"). He says: and when you enter into the time of the noon hour (ẓuhr).
And in accordance with what we have said concerning this, the exegetes (ahl al-taʾwīl) have spoken.
* Mention of those who said that:
Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: my father related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of ʿĀṣim, on the authority of Abū Razīn, who said: Nāfiʿ ibn al-Azraq asked Ibn ʿAbbās: do we find (2) the appointed times of the five prayers in the Book of Allah? He said: yes: ( فَسُبْحَانَ اللهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ ) ("So glorified be Allah when you enter the evening") — the sunset prayer (maghrib); ( وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ ) ("and when you enter the morning") — the dawn prayer (fajr); ( وَعَشِيًّا ) ("and in the late afternoon") — the ʿaṣr prayer; ( وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ ) ("and when you reach midday") — the ẓuhr prayer. He said: وَمِنْ بَعْدِ صَلاةِ الْعِشَاءِ ثَلاثُ عَوْرَاتٍ لَكُمْ ("and after the ʿishāʾ prayer: three times of privacy for you").
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of ʿĀṣim, on the authority of Abū Razīn, who said: Nāfiʿ ibn al-Azraq asked Ibn ʿAbbās about the five prayers in the Qurʾān. He said: yes, and he recited ( فَسُبْحَانَ اللهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ ), he said: the maghrib prayer; ( وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ ), he said: the morning prayer (ṣubḥ); ( وَعَشِيًّا ), he said: the ʿaṣr prayer; ( وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ ), the ẓuhr prayer. Then he recited: وَمِنْ بَعْدِ صَلاةِ الْعِشَاءِ ثَلاثُ عَوْرَاتٍ لَكُمْ .
Abū al-Sāʾib related to me, saying: Ibn Idrīs related to us, on the authority of Layth, on the authority of al-Ḥakam ibn Abī ʿAyyāḍ, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: these two verses brought together the appointed prayer times: ( فَسُبْحَانَ اللهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ ), he said: the maghrib and the ʿishāʾ prayer; ( وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ ): the fajr prayer; ( وَعَشِيًّا ): the ʿaṣr prayer; ( وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ ): the ẓuhr prayer.
Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Ibn Idrīs related to us, on the authority of Layth, on the authority of al-Ḥakam, on the authority of Abū ʿAyyāḍ, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, in similar fashion.
Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Layth, on the authority of al-Ḥakam, on the authority of Abū ʿAyyāḍ, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās concerning his word: ( فَسُبْحَانَ اللهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ ... ) up to his word: ( وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ ), he said: it brought the prayers together: ( فَسُبْحَانَ اللهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ ): the maghrib and the ʿishāʾ prayer; ( وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ ): the morning prayer (ṣubḥ); ( وَعَشِيًّا ): the ʿaṣr prayer; ( وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ ): the ẓuhr prayer.
Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Isḥāq ibn Sulaymān al-Rāzī related to us, on the authority of Abū Sinān, on the authority of Layth, on the authority of Mujāhid: ( فَسُبْحَانَ اللهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ ): the maghrib and the ʿishāʾ prayer; ( وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ ): the fajr prayer; ( وَعَشِيًّا ): the ʿaṣr prayer; ( وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ ): the ẓuhr prayer; and every prostration (sajda) in the Qurʾān is a prayer.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: ( فَسُبْحَانَ اللهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ ): for the maghrib prayer; ( وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ ): for the morning prayer (ṣubḥ); ( وَعَشِيًّا ): for the ʿaṣr prayer; ( وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ ): the ẓuhr prayer — four prayers.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning the word of Allah: ( فَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ وَعَشِيًّا وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ ), he said: ( حِينَ تُمْسُونَ ): the maghrib prayer; ( وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ ): the morning prayer (ṣubḥ); and in the late afternoon (ʿashiyyan): the ʿaṣr prayer; and when you reach midday (ḥīna tuẓhirūn): the ẓuhr prayer.
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The footnotes:
(2) "Do we find" (hal tajidu): missing in the original; al-Shawkānī included it in his tafsīr Fatḥ al-Qadīr (4:114), where thereafter the word "mīqāt" ("appointed time") was dropped, which the author here did include.
