Tafseer of The Family of Imraan · Aal-i-Imraan · 3:40
He said, "My Lord, how will I have a boy when I have reached old age and my wife is barren?" The angel said, "Such is Allah; He does what He wills."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word: He said: My Lord, how shall I have a son, when old age has reached me and my wife is barren?
Abū Jaʿfar said: He means that Zakariyyā said—when the angels called out to him: that Allah gives you glad tidings of Yaḥyā, who confirms a word from Allah, and a lord, and chaste, and a prophet from among the righteous—: "How shall I have a son, when old age has reached me?" He means: whoever has reached the age that I have reached has no more children; "and my wife is barren."
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"The barren one" (al-ʿāqir) among women is she who does not bear children. One says of this: "a barren woman, and a barren man," as ʿĀmir ibn al-Ṭufayl said:
What a wretched youth I am! Were I one-eyed and barren, and a coward, what then is my excuse at every assembly?!
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As for "al-kibar" (old age): that is the verbal noun of "kabira, he grows old, old age (kibaran)."
And it was said: "old age has reached me," while in another place He said: and I have reached old age [sūrat Maryam: 8], because that which reaches you, you also have reached. Its meaning is only: I have become old. It is like the saying of someone: "exhaustion has reached me," in the sense of: I am in a state of exhaustion.
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If someone were to say: how could Zakariyyā, while he is a prophet of Allah, say: "My Lord, how shall I have a son, when old age has reached me and my wife is barren," after the angels had given him glad tidings of that with which they gladdened him, by Allah's command to them to do so? Did he doubt their truthfulness? That is something with which those who believe in Allah may not be described! How then the prophets and messengers? Or was that from him a denial of the power of his Lord? That is even graver in the trial!
It is said: that was from him ﷺ other than what you supposed; rather, his saying was of that which is like:—
7001 - Mūsā related to me, saying: ʿAmr related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: when he heard the call—he means Zakariyyā, when he heard the call of the angels with the glad tidings of Yaḥyā—Satan (al-shayṭān) came to him and said to him: O Zakariyyā, the voice that you heard is not from Allah; it is only from Satan, who is mocking you! For if it were from Allah, He would have revealed it to you as He reveals to you in other matters! Then he doubted on the spot, and he said: "How shall I have a son," a male?—he says: from where?—"when old age has reached me and my wife is barren."
7002 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Abū Bakr, on the authority of ʿIkrima, who said: then Satan came to him and wished to sully the favor of his Lord for him, and said: do you know who called out to you? He said: yes! The angels of my Lord called out to me! He said: no, that was Satan! If this were from your Lord, He would have inspired it to you in secret, just as you made your call in secret! Then he said: My Lord, give me a sign.
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His saying of that which he said, and his questions to his Lord about which he asked with his word: "How shall I have a son," was thus on account of the whispering (waswasa) that Satan mixed into his heart, until it made him imagine that the call he heard was a call from others than the angels. Therefore he said: "My Lord, how shall I have a son," while he sought certainty in his affair, so that it might be established for him by a sign that Allah would show him therein—that it was glad tidings from Allah by the tongue of His angels. Therefore he said: "My Lord, give me a sign."
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And it is possible that his saying of that was a question from him to his Lord: in what manner will the child come with which he was gladdened? From his wife? But she is barren—or from another woman? Then that would be in a manner other than what ʿIkrima and al-Suddī said, and those who said the same as their saying.
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The explanation of His word: He said: Thus does Allah do what He wills (3:40).
Abū Jaʿfar said: He, exalted be His praise, means by His word "Thus is Allah," that is to say: He is as He has described Himself, that it is easy for Him to create a child from the aged one who has reached despair of a child, and from the barren one from whom such a birth is not expected, just as He created you, O Zakariyyā, before the creation of the child from you, while you were nothing. For He is Allah, for whom the creation of anything He wills is not impossible, and for whom the accomplishment of anything He wishes is not unachievable, because His power is the power to which no power is comparable, as:—
7003 - Mūsā related to me, saying: ʿAmr related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī, who said: "Thus does Allah do what He wills"—and I created you before that, while you were nothing.