Tafseer of The Family of Imraan · Aal-i-Imraan · 3:38
At that, Zechariah called upon his Lord, saying, "My Lord, grant me from Yourself a good offspring. Indeed, You are the Hearer of supplication."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word: هُنَالِكَ دَعَا زَكَرِيَّا رَبَّهُ قَالَ رَبِّ هَبْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ ذُرِّيَّةً طَيِّبَةً إِنَّكَ سَمِيعُ الدُّعَاءِ (38) (There Zakariyyā called upon his Lord; he said: "My Lord, grant me from Your presence a goodly offspring; indeed, You hear the supplication." (38))
Abū Jaʿfar (al-Ṭabarī) said: As for His word: "There Zakariyyā called upon his Lord" — its meaning is: at that moment, that is to say: when Zakariyyā saw with Maryam what he saw of the provision of Allah with which He provided for her, and the favor He bestowed upon her without any human being having been a cause for it, and when he beheld with her the fresh, ripe fruit which, at the time he saw it with her, was not customarily to be found upon the earth — then he desired a child, despite his advanced age, from the barren woman. He hoped that Allah would grant him from her a child, despite the condition in which they both were, just as He provided Maryam — when she had withdrawn from the people — with what He gave her of summer fruits in winter and winter fruits in summer, even though there was nothing of the sort whose existence at such a time customarily occurs according to the habits upon the earth; on the contrary, what is known among the people is other than that — just as the giving birth by a barren woman does not belong to what customarily occurs according to the habits among the people. So he turned to Allah, exalted be His praise, with the longing for a child, and asked Him for a goodly offspring.
That was because the family of the house of Zakariyyā — as has been transmitted to us — had at that time died out, as in:
6940 — Mūsā related to me, saying: ʿAmr related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: When Zakariyyā saw that condition of hers — that is to say: summer fruit in winter and winter fruit in summer — he said: "Indeed, a Lord who gave her this out of its season is surely able to grant me a goodly offspring!" And he desired the child; he stood up and performed the prayer, and then he called upon his Lord in secret and said: رَبِّ إِنِّي وَهَنَ الْعَظْمُ مِنِّي وَاشْتَعَلَ الرَّأْسُ شَيْبًا وَلَمْ أَكُنْ بِدُعَائِكَ رَبِّ شَقِيًّا * وَإِنِّي خِفْتُ الْمَوَالِيَ مِنْ وَرَائِي وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَتِي عَاقِرًا فَهَبْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ وَلِيًّا * يَرِثُنِي وَيَرِثُ مِنْ آلِ يَعْقُوبَ وَاجْعَلْهُ رَبِّ رَضِيًّا [Sūrah Maryam: 4–6] ("My Lord, indeed my bones have grown weak within me and my head has flared up with grayness, and never, my Lord, have I been disappointed in my supplication of You. And indeed, I fear the relatives after me, and my wife is barren; so grant me from Your presence a successor, who will inherit from me and inherit from the family of Yaʿqūb, and make him, my Lord, pleasing.") — and His word: رَبِّ هَبْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ ذُرِّيَّةً طَيِّبَةً إِنَّكَ سَمِيعُ الدُّعَاءِ ("My Lord, grant me from Your presence a goodly offspring; indeed, You hear the supplication") — and he said: رَبِّ لا تَذَرْنِي فَرْدًا وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الْوَارِثِينَ [Sūrah al-Anbiyāʾ: 89] ("My Lord, do not leave me alone, and You are the best of inheritors").
6941 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: Yaʿlā ibn Muslim informed me, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: When Zakariyyā saw that — that is to say summer fruit in winter and winter fruit in summer — with Maryam, he said: "Indeed, He who brings this to Maryam out of its time is able to grant me a child." Allah, mighty and exalted, said: "There Zakariyyā called upon his Lord." He said: That was the moment at which he called upon Him.
6942 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Abū Bakr, on the authority of ʿIkrima, who said: He entered the prayer-niche (miḥrāb) and closed the doors, and he confided in secret to his Lord and said: رَبِّ إِنِّي وَهَنَ الْعَظْمُ مِنِّي وَاشْتَعَلَ الرَّأْسُ شَيْبًا ("My Lord, indeed my bones have grown weak within me and my head has flared up with grayness") up to His word: رَبِّ رَضِيًّا ("my Lord, pleasing"). فَنَادَتْهُ الْمَلائِكَةُ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي فِي الْمِحْرَابِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُبَشِّرُكَ بِيَحْيَى مُصَدِّقًا بِكَلِمَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ ("Then the angels called him, while he was standing performing the prayer in the prayer-niche: Indeed, Allah gives you glad tidings of Yaḥyā, who will confirm a word from Allah"), the entire āyah.
6943 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, who said: Some of the scholars related to me, saying: Then Zakariyyā called upon Him, after he had grown old and had no child, and his family of the house had died out, and he said: "My Lord, grant me from Your presence a goodly offspring; indeed, You hear the supplication." Then he complained to his Lord and said: رَبِّ إِنِّي وَهَنَ الْعَظْمُ مِنِّي وَاشْتَعَلَ الرَّأْسُ شَيْبًا ("My Lord, indeed my bones have grown weak within me and my head has flared up with grayness") up to وَاجْعَلْهُ رَبِّ رَضِيًّا ("and make him, my Lord, pleasing"). فَنَادَتْهُ الْمَلائِكَةُ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي فِي الْمِحْرَابِ ("Then the angels called him, while he was standing performing the prayer in the prayer-niche"), the entire āyah.
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As for His word: "My Lord, grant me from Your presence a goodly offspring" — by "the offspring" (al-dhurriyya) He means the descendants, and by "goodly" (al-ṭayyiba) the blessed, as in:
6944 — Mūsā related to me: ʿAmr related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: "he said: My Lord, grant me from Your presence a goodly offspring" — he means: blessed.
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As for His word: "from Your presence" (min ladunka) — He means: from with You.
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And as for "the offspring" (al-dhurriyya) — this is a plural, and it can also bear the meaning of the singular, and here in this place it bears the meaning of the singular. That is because Allah, mighty and exalted, said in another place, reporting about the supplication of Zakariyyā: فَهَبْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ وَلِيًّا [Sūrah Maryam: 5] ("so grant me from Your presence a successor"), and He did not say "successors" (awliyāʾ) — which indicates that he asked for a single one. The word "goodly" (ṭayyiba) was put in the feminine form because of the feminine form of "offspring" (al-dhurriyya), as the poet said:
Your father is a caliph, born of another [caliph], and you are a caliph — that is perfection.
He said "born of another" (waladat-hu ukhrā), using the feminine form, while the [one meant] is a male, because of the feminine form of the word "caliph" (al-khalīfa), as another said:
And it [the snake] does not disdain a mountain serpent, silent, which when it bites is not toothless.
He put "mountain-" (al-jabaliyya) in the feminine form because of the feminine form of the word "snake" (al-ḥayya), and then returned to the meaning and said "when it bites" [with the masculine form], for he meant a male snake. This is only permissible with that to which the [proper-noun-denoting] "so-and-so" (fulān) of names does not apply, such as "the mount" (al-dābba), "the offspring" (al-dhurriyya), and "the caliph" (al-khalīfa). But when a man is named with something of this kind, such that it comes to have the meaning of "so-and-so" (fulān), then it is not permissible to put its verb or its adjective in the feminine form.
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And as for His word: "indeed, You hear the supplication" (innaka samīʿu al-duʿāʾ) — its meaning is: indeed, You are the one who hears (sāmiʿ) the supplication, except that "samīʿ" is more laudatory, and it has the meaning of: He who responds to it.
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Some of the grammarians of Basra have claimed that its meaning is: indeed, You hear that with which You are called upon.
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Abū Jaʿfar (al-Ṭabarī) said: The explanation of the āyah is therefore: at that moment Zakariyyā called upon his Lord and said: My Lord, grant me from with You a blessed child; indeed, You are the One who responds to the supplication of whoever calls upon You.