Tafseer of The Family of Imraan · Aal-i-Imraan · 3:15
Say, "Shall I inform you of [something] better than that? For those who fear Allah will be gardens in the presence of their Lord beneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide eternally, and purified spouses and approval from Allah. And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants -
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Explanation of the words of Allah: قُلْ أَؤُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِخَيْرٍ مِنْ ذَلِكُمْ لِلَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَأَزْوَاجٌ مُطَهَّرَةٌ وَرِضْوَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِالْعِبَادِ ("Say: Shall I inform you of something better than that? For those who are God-fearing there are, with their Lord, gardens beneath which the rivers flow, wherein they abide eternally, and pure spouses and the good pleasure of Allah. And Allah is All-Seeing of the servants.") (3:15)
Abū Jaʿfar said: He, exalted is His praise, means: Say, O Muḥammad, to the people for whom the love of the desires of women and sons and all the rest that our Lord, exalted is His praise, has mentioned has been made fair-seeming: "Shall I inform you" — that is: shall I notify you and make known to you — "of something better than that" — that is: of something that is better and more excellent for you than that — that is: than that whose desire's love has been made fair-seeming for you in this world: women, sons, heaped-up hoards of gold and silver, and the various kinds of possessions that are the perishable enjoyment of this world.
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Then the grammarians differed concerning the place where the questioning in these words ends.
Some of them said: That ends at His words "than that," after which a new statement begins about what there is for those who are God-fearing with their Lord, and it is said: "For those who are God-fearing there are, with their Lord, gardens beneath which the rivers flow, wherein they abide eternally." For this reason "the gardens" (jannāt) stands in the nominative.
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Whoever holds this view permits in His words "gardens beneath which the rivers flow" nothing other than the nominative, and that is because it is the statement of a subject which is not referred back to His words "something better," in which case the genitive would be permitted in it. Even though, according to them, it is the statement of a subject, it nonetheless contains a clarification of the meaning of "the better," concerning which Allah, mighty and exalted, commanded His Prophet ﷺ to say to the people: shall I inform you of it? "And the gardens" stands, according to this view, in the nominative on account of the lām that occurs in His words "for those who are God-fearing with their Lord."
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Others among them said something to the effect of this view, except that they said: If you connect the lām that occurs in His words "for those who" (li-lladhīna) with "the informing" (al-inbāʾ), then in "the gardens" both the genitive and the nominative are permitted: the genitive on the basis of referring back to "the better," and the nominative on the basis that His words "for those who are God-fearing" form the statement of a subject, as we have set forth earlier.
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Still others said: No, the questioning ends at His words "with their Lord," after which a new sentence begins: "gardens beneath which the rivers flow." They said: The explanation of the words is: "Say: shall I inform you of something better than that, for those who are God-fearing with their Lord," and then it is as if it is said: "What do they have?" or: "What is that?" Whereupon He said: That is "gardens beneath which the rivers flow," the rest of the verse.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: The correct of these views, in my judgment, is the view of the one who lets the questioning end at His words "something better than that," whereby the statement thereafter is a new statement about to whom the gardens belong, namely His words "for those who are God-fearing there are, with their Lord, gardens." Thus this comes out as a statement, and it is a clarification of the meaning of "the better," concerning which He said: shall I inform you of it? Then the sentence at that point needs no referring pronoun. Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī said: As for His words "wherein they abide eternally" (khālidīna fīhā), that stands in the accusative as a ḥāl-clause (al-qaṭʿ).
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The meaning of His words "for those who are God-fearing": for those who feared Allah and therefore obeyed Him by performing His obligations and avoiding acts of disobedience to Him. "With their Lord" — by this He means: they have, with their Lord, gardens beneath which the rivers flow.
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"And the gardens" (al-jannāt) are the orchards, and we have already clarified that with proofs in what precedes. And that His words "beneath which the rivers flow" mean: from beneath the trees. And that "the abiding eternally" (al-khulūd) therein is the perpetual continuance therein. And that "the pure spouses" (al-azwāj al-muṭahhara) are the women of Paradise who are purified of every affliction that befalls the women of the people of this world: of menstruation, sperm, urine, postpartum bleeding, and what resembles that of affliction — with that which exempts us from repeating it in this place.
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And His words "and the good pleasure of Allah" (wa-riḍwānun mina-llāh) mean: and the contentment of Allah. It is a verbal noun from the expression of the one who says: "Allah was pleased with so-and-so, and He is pleased with him with pleasure (riḍan)" — defectively conjugated — "and with riḍwān and ruḍwān and marḍāh." As for "al-ruḍwān" with a ḍamma on the rāʾ, that is the dialect of Qays, and with it ʿĀṣim used to recite.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: Allah, exalted is His praise, of the good that He has with Him for those who are God-fearing, mentioned only His good pleasure, because His good pleasure is the highest rank of the honors bestowed upon the inhabitants of Paradise, as:
6751 - Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad al-Zubayrī related to me, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn al-Munkadir, on the authority of Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh, who said: When the inhabitants of Paradise enter Paradise, Allah, blessed and exalted is He, says: I give you something more excellent than this! Whereupon they say: O our Lord, what thing is more excellent than this? He says: My good pleasure.
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And His words "and Allah is All-Seeing of the servants" mean thereby: and Allah is one with insight into which of His servants fears Him and therefore is wary of Him and obeys Him, and prefers what is with Him — that which He has mentioned that He has prepared for those who fear Him — over the love of what has been made fair-seeming to him in the nearness of this world of the desires of women and sons and all the rest that He, exalted is His mention, has enumerated thereof. And with insight into which of them does not fear Him and therefore is not wary of Him, but disobeys Him and obeys Satan, and prefers what has been made fair-seeming to him in this world of the love of the desire of women, sons, and possessions, over what is with Him of lasting bliss. He, exalted is His mention, is knowing of every group among them, until He gives them all, upon their return to Him, their recompense: the doer of good for his good deed, and the doer of evil for his evil deed.