Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of His word: إِذْ هَمَّتْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ تَفْشَلا وَاللَّهُ وَلِيُّهُمَا وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ (122) ("When two groups among you were inclined to lose heart, while Allah is their Protector; and upon Allah let the believers rely" (3:122)).

   Abū Jaʿfar said: He, exalted is His praise, means by this: and Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing, at the moment when two groups among you were inclined to lose heart.

   The two groups that were inclined to lose heart — it has been related to us that they were the Banū Salima and the Banū Ḥāritha.

   *Mention of who said that:

   7720 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, on the authority of ʿĪsā, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid concerning the word of Allah: "When two groups among you were inclined to lose heart". He said: They were the Banū Ḥāritha, who were positioned in the direction of Uḥud, and the Banū Salima, who were positioned in the direction of Salʿ; and that was on the day of the Trench (al-Khandaq).

   * * *

   Abū Jaʿfar said: We have already sufficiently demonstrated earlier that this was on the day of Uḥud, so that repetition is superfluous.

   * * *

   7721 — Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning his word: "When two groups among you were inclined to lose heart", the verse; and that was on the day of Uḥud. The two groups were the Banū Salima and the Banū Ḥāritha, two tribes of the Anṣār, who were inclined toward a certain matter, but Allah preserved them from it. Qatāda said: And it has been related to us that when this verse was revealed, they said: "Nothing pleases us more than that we were indeed inclined toward what we intended, for Allah has informed us that He is our Protector."

   7722 — It was related to me on the authority of ʿAmmār, saying: Ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ, concerning his word: "When two groups among you were inclined", the verse; and that was on the day of Uḥud. The two groups were the Banū Salima and the Banū Ḥāritha, two tribes of the Anṣār. And he mentioned something similar to the statement of Qatāda.

   7723 — Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Aḥmad ibn al-Mufaḍḍal related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī, saying: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out for Uḥud with one thousand men, and he had promised them victory if they remained steadfast. Then ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl turned back with three hundred men. Abū Jābir al-Salamī followed them and called them, but when they drowned out his voice, they said to him: "We do not think there will be any fighting, and if you listen to us you will turn back with us." And Allah, mighty and exalted, said: "When two groups among you were inclined to lose heart" — and they were the Banū Salima and the Banū Ḥāritha — they were inclined to turn back when ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy turned back, but Allah preserved them, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained with seven hundred men.

   7724 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, saying: ʿIkrima said: It was revealed concerning the Banū Salima of the Khazraj and the Banū Ḥāritha of the Aws, and their leader was ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl.

   7725 — Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: My father related to me, saying: My uncle related to me, saying: My father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning his word: "When two groups among you were inclined to lose heart" — they are the Banū Ḥāritha and the Banū Salima.

   7726 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq: "When two groups among you were inclined to lose heart" — the two groups were the Banū Salima of Jusham ibn al-Khazraj and the Banū Ḥāritha of al-Nabīt of the Aws, and they were the two wings (of the army).

   7727 — Muḥammad ibn Sinān related to me, saying: Abū Bakr al-Ḥanafī related to us, on the authority of ʿAbbād, on the authority of al-Ḥasan concerning his word: "When two groups among you were inclined to lose heart", the verse. He said: They were two groups of the Anṣār who were inclined to lose heart, but Allah preserved them and defeated their enemy.

   7728 — Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Ibn ʿUyayna informed us, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, saying: I heard Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh saying concerning: "When two groups among you were inclined to lose heart". He said: They were the Banū Salima and the Banū Ḥāritha, and we would not wish that we had not been inclined, on account of the word of Allah, mighty and exalted: "while Allah is their Protector".

   7729 — Aḥmad ibn Ḥāzim related to me, saying: Abū Nuʿaym related to us, saying: Ibn ʿUyayna related to us, on the authority of ʿAmr, saying: I heard Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh saying — and he mentioned something similar.

   7730 — Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said: "When two groups among you were inclined to lose heart", he said: This was the day of Uḥud.

   * * *

   As for His word: "were inclined to lose heart (an tafshalā)", by it He means: they were inclined to become weak and cowardly in the face of meeting their enemy.

   * * *

   One says of this: "fashila fulān ʿan liqāʾ ʿaduwwihi, yafshalu fashalan" (so-and-so lost heart at meeting his enemy), as in:

   7731 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, saying: Ibn ʿAbbās said: "al-fashal" is cowardice.

   * * *

   Abū Jaʿfar said: Their inclination to lose heart consisted of turning away from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the believers, at the moment when ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl turned away with his people — out of cowardice on their part, without any doubt on their part concerning Islam, and without hypocrisy (nifāq). Allah preserved them from that to which they were inclined, and they went along with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the path that he took, and they left behind ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl and the hypocrites who were with him. Allah, mighty and exalted, praised them both on account of their steadfastness upon the truth, and informed them that He is their Protector and their Helper against their enemies among the unbelievers, as in:

   7732 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq: "while Allah is their Protector", that is to say: the One Who defended them against that to which they were inclined in their loss of heart. And that was because this came from them out of weakness and wavering that befell them, without any doubt that befell them concerning their religion. And He took it upon Himself to turn that away from them through His mercy and His benevolence, until they were saved from their wavering and their weakness, and rejoined their Prophet ﷺ. He says: "and upon Allah let the believers rely", that is to say: whoever among the believers experiences weakness or wavering, let him rely upon Me and seek help with Me, then I will help him in his affair and turn it away from him, until I let him attain his goal and strengthen him in his resolve.

   * * *

   Abū Jaʿfar said: And it has been mentioned that Ibn Masʿūd, may Allah be pleased with him, read it as: (wa-Llāhu walīyyuhum) ("while Allah is their Protector", plural). This was permissible to read in this way, because "the two groups", although in wording they are a pair, in meaning they form a collective, in the same manner as "the two adversaries (al-khaṣmayn)" and "the two parties (al-ḥizbayn)".

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله : إِذْ هَمَّتْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ تَفْشَلا وَاللَّهُ وَلِيُّهُمَا وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ (122) قال أبو جعفر: يعني بذلك جل ثناؤه: والله سميع عليم، حين همت طائفتان منكم أن تفشلا. والطائفتان اللتان همتا بالفشل، ذكر لنا أنهم بنو سَلِمة وبنو حارثة. (1) *ذكر من قال ذلك: 7720- حدثني محمد بن عمرو قال: حدثنا أبو عاصم، عن عيسى، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد في قول الله: " إذ همت طائفتان منكم أن تفشلا "، قال: بنو حارثة، كانوا نحو أحُد، وبنو سلِمة نحو سَلْع، وذلك يوم الخندق. * * * قال أبو جعفر: وقد دللنا على أن ذلك كان يوم أحد فيما مضى، بما فيه الكفاية عن إعادته. (2) * * * 7721- حدثنا بشر قال، حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: " إذ همت طائفتان منكم أن تفشلا "، الآية، وذلك يوم أحد، والطائفتان: بنو سلِمة وبنو حارثة، حيان من الأنصار، همُّوا بأمر فعصمهم الله من ذلك = قال قتادة: وقد ذكر لنا أنه لما أنـزلت هذه الآية قالوا: ما يسرُّنا أنَّا لم نَهُمَّ بالذي هممنا به، وقد أخبرنا الله أنه ولينا. 7722- حدثت عن عمار قال، حدثنا ابن أبي جعفر، عن أبيه، عن الربيع، قوله: " إذ همت طائفتان منكم " الآية، وذلك يوم أحد، فالطائفتان بنو سلمة وبنو حارثة، حيان من الأنصار. فذكر مثل قول قتادة. 7723- حدثنا محمد بن الحسين قال، حدثنا أحمد بن المفضل، قال، حدثنا أسباط، عن السدي قال: خرج رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى أحد في ألف رجل، وقد وعدهم الفتحَ إن صبروا. فلما رجع عبد الله بن أبي ابن سلول في ثلاثمائة فتبعهم أبو جابر السلمي يدعوهم، فلما غلبوه وقالوا له: ما نعلم قتالا ولئن أطعتنا لترجعنَّ معنا = وقال [الله عز وجل]: " إذ همت طائفتان منكم أن تفشلا "، وهم بنو سلمة وبنو حارثة = هموا بالرجوع حين رجع عبد الله بن أبي، فعصمهم &; 7-167 &; الله، وبقى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في سبعمئة. (3) 7724- حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج قال، قال عكرمة: نـزلت في بني سلِمة من الخزرج، وبني حارثة من الأوس، ورأسهم عبد الله بن أبيّ ابن سلول. 7725- حدثني محمد بن سعد قال، حدثني أبي قال، حدثني عمي قال، حدثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس قوله: " إذ همت طائفتان منكم أن تفشلا "، فهو بنو حارثة وبنو سلمة. 7726- حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق: " إذ همت طائفتان منكم أن تفشلا "، والطائفتان: بنو سلمة من جشم بن الخزرج، وبنو حارثة من النبيت من الأوس، وهما الجناحان. (4) 7727- حدثني محمد بن سنان قال، حدثنا أبو بكر الحنفي، عن عباد، عن الحسن في قوله: " إذ همت طائفتان منكم أن تفشلا " الآية، قال: هما طائفتان من الأنصار هَّما أن يفشلا فعصمهم الله، وهزَم عدوهم. 7728- حدثنا الحسن بن يحيى قال، أخبرنا عبد الرزاق قال، أخبرنا ابن عيينة، عن عمرو بن دينار قال: سمعت جابر بن عبد الله يقول: " إذ همت طائفتان منكم أن تفشلا "،قال: هم بنو سلمة وبنو حارثة، وما نحبُّ أن لو لم نكن هممنا لقول الله عز وجلّ: " والله وليهما ". (5) . 7729- حدثني أحمد بن حازم قال، حدثنا أبو نعيم قال، حدثنا ابن عيينة، عن عمرو قال: سمعت جابر بن عبد الله يقول، فذكر نحوه. 7730- حدثني يونس قال، أخبرنا ابن وهب قال، قال ابن زيد: " إذ همت طائفتان منكم أن تفشلا "، قال: هذا يوم أحد. * * * وأما قوله: " أن تفشلا "، فإنه يعني: همَّا أن يضعفا ويجبنا عن لقاء عدوّهما. * * * =يقال منه: " فشل فلان عن لقاء عدوه ويفشل فشلا "، كما:- 7731- حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج قال، قال ابن عباس: " الفشل "، الجبن. * * * قال أبو جعفر: وكان همُّهما الذي همَّا به من الفشل، الانصرافَ عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم والمؤمنين حين انصرف عنهم عبد الله بن أبي ابن سلول بمن معه، جبنًا منهم، من غير شك منهم في الإسلام ولا نفاق، فعصمهم الله مما هموا به من ذلك، ومضوا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لوجهه الذي مضى له، وتركوا عبد الله بن أبي ابن سلول والمنافقين معه، فأثنى الله عز وجل عليهما بثبوتهما على الحق، وأخبر أنه وليُّهما وناصرهما على أعدائهما من الكفار، (6) كما: 7732- حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق: " والله وليُهما "، أي: المدافع عنهما ما همَّتا به من فشلهما. (7) وذلك أنه إنما كان ذلك منهما عن ضعف ووهن أصابهما، من غير شك أصابهما في دينهما، فتولى دفع ذلك عنهما برحمته وعائدته حتى سلمتا من وهنهما وضعفهما، ولحقتا بنبِّيهما صلى الله عليه وسلم. يقول: " وعلى الله فليتوكل المؤمنون "، أي: من كان به ضعف من المؤمنين أو وهَن، &; 7-169 &; فليتوكل عليّ، وليستعن بي أعنِه على أمره، وأدفع عنه، حتى أبلغ به وأقوّيه على نيته. (8) * * * قال أبو جعفر: وذكر أن ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه كان يقرأ: (وَاللهُ وَليُّهُمْ)، وإنما جاز أن يقرأ ذلك كذلك، لأن " الطائفتين " وإن كانتا في لفظ اثنين، فإنهما في معنى جماع، بمنـزلة " الخصمين " و " الحزبين ". (9) ------------------------- الهوامش : (1) انظر ضبط"سلمة" ص: 161 تعليق: 1. (2) انظر ما سلف ص : 161 وما قبلها. (3) الأثر: 7723- في تاريخ الطبري 3: 12 ، وهو تمام الأثر السالف رقم: 7177 ، والزيادة بين القوسين من التاريخ. (4) الأثر: 7726- سيرة ابن هشام 3: 112 ، وهو من تتمة الأثر السالف رقم: 7791. (5) الأثر: 7728- رواه البخاري في صحيحه (الفتح 7: 275 / 8: 169) من طريق علي بن عبد الله ، عن سفيان بن عيينة ، بغير هذا اللفظ. وكان في المطبوعة: "وما نحب أن لو لم تكن همتا" ، وهو خطأ ، والصواب من المخطوطة ، ولكن الناشر لم يحسن قراءتها. (6) انظر تفسير"الولي" فيما سلف 6: 497 تعليق: 1. والمراجع هناك. (7) في المطبوعة: "الدافع عنهما" ، وأثبت ما في المخطوطة وسيرة ابن هشام. وفي المطبوعة والمخطوطة"ما هما به" ، وهو صواب ، ولكني أثبت نص ابن هشام ، فهو أقوم على السياق ، والتصحيف في مثل هذا قريب ، ولست أظنه من أصل الطبري. (8) الأثر: 7732- سيرة ابن هشام 3: 112 ، 113 ، وهو من سياق الأثر السالف رقم: 7726. (9) انظر معاني القرآن للفراء 1: 133.