Tafseer of The Ant · An-Naml · 27:35
But indeed, I will send to them a gift and see with what [reply] the messengers will return."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
It has been related that she said: I will send a messenger to Sulaymān to test him thereby and to come to know him — is he a king or a prophet? She said: if he is a prophet, he will not accept the gift, and nothing of ours will satisfy him unless we follow him in his religion; and if he is a king, he will accept the gift and will depart from us.
Mention of the narration of those who said that:
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: she said وَإِنِّي مُرْسِلَةٌ إِلَيْهِم بِهَدِيَّةٍ فَنَاظِرَةٌ بِمَ يَرْجِعُ الْمُرْسَلُونَ — he said: she sent him slave-girls (wāṣāʾif) and slaves (wuṣafāʾ), and dressed them in identical clothing so that male could not be distinguished from female, and she said: if he distinguishes between them so that male can be told from female, and then returns the gift, then he is a prophet; then it behooves us to relinquish our sovereignty and follow his religion and join ourselves to him.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both of them — on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word وَإِنِّي مُرْسِلَةٌ إِلَيْهِم بِهَدِيَّةٍ: he said: with slave-girls dressed as slaves, and slaves dressed as slave-girls.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, saying: her word وَإِنِّي مُرْسِلَةٌ إِلَيْهِم بِهَدِيَّةٍ: he said: two hundred boys and two hundred girls. Ibn Jurayj said: Mujāhid said, concerning His word بِهَدِيَّةٍ: he said: slave-girls whom she had dressed as slaves, and slaves whom she had dressed as slave-girls.
Ibn Jurayj said: she said: if he is able to distinguish between the slave-girls and the slaves, and returns the gift, then he is a prophet; then it behooves us to follow him.
Ibn Jurayj said, Mujāhid said: Sulaymān distinguished between some of them and others, and did not accept her gift.
He said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Thābit al-Bunānī, saying: she presented to him plates of gold in pouches of brocade. When the news reached Sulaymān, he commanded the jinn and they gilded the stones with gold; then he gave the order and it was thrown upon the roads. When they came and saw it, cast aside and not looked at, what they had brought became small in their eyes.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said, concerning His word إِنَّ الْمُلُوكَ إِذَا دَخَلُوا قَرْيَةً أَفْسَدُوهَا... the verse, and she said: if this man's desire is set only upon the worldly, we will satisfy him; and if his desire is set upon religion, he will accept nothing else. وَإِنِّي مُرْسِلَةٌ إِلَيْهِم بِهَدِيَّةٍ فَنَاظِرَةٌ بِمَ يَرْجِعُ الْمُرْسَلُونَ.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, on the authority of one of the people of knowledge, on the authority of Wahb ibn Munabbih, saying: Bilqīs was an intelligent, courtly woman from a house of kingship; she ruled only by virtue of the remnants of those who preceded her; she had been ruled and had ruled until she became proficient in it. Her religion and that of her people was, according to what has been related, zandaqa (zindīqiyya). When she read the letter, she heard a letter that was not like the letters of the kings before her; she sent a messenger to the nobles (maqāwila) of Yemen and said to them: يَا أَيُّهَا الْمَلَأُ إِنِّي أُلْقِيَ إِلَيَّ كِتَابٌ كَرِيمٌ * إِنَّهُ مِن سُلَيْمَانَ وَإِنَّهُ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ * أَلَّا تَعْلُوا عَلَيَّ وَأْتُونِي مُسْلِمِينَ up to His word بِمَ يَرْجِعُ الْمُرْسَلُونَ. Then she said: a letter has come to me the like of which has never come to me from any of the kings before him. If this man is a sent prophet, we have no power over him nor strength; and if he is a king who wishes to surpass in numbers, then he is not mightier than we are, nor does he command more fighters. She prepared gifts such as are customary as gifts for kings, by which they are tested. She said: if he is a king, he will accept the gift and desire the money; and if he is a prophet, he has nothing to do with the worldly — that is not what he wants, he wants only that we enter his religion and follow him therein.
It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, saying: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd informed us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say, concerning His word وَإِنِّي مُرْسِلَةٌ إِلَيْهِم بِهَدِيَّةٍ: she sent him slave-girls and slaves with the same clothing on, so that male could not be distinguished from female, and she said: if he distinguishes between them so that male can be told from female, and returns the gift, then he is a prophet, and then it behooves us to follow him and enter his religion. Sulaymān distinguished between the boys and the girls and returned the gift, and said: أَتُمِدُّونَنِ بِمَالٍ فَمَا آتَانِ اللَّهُ خَيْرٌ مِّمَّا آتَاكُم.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said: among the gifts she sent were slave-girls and slaves with alternating clothing, so that one would distinguish the boys from the girls. He said: he called for water, and the girls performed the ablution of the forearms downward, and the boys performed the ablution of the forearms upward. He said: my father used to tell us this account.
ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Marwān ibn Muʿāwiya related to us, saying: Ismāʿīl related to us, on the authority of Abī Ṣāliḥ: وَإِنِّي مُرْسِلَةٌ إِلَيْهِم بِهَدِيَّةٍ: he said: she sent a brick of gold and said: if he wants the worldly, I will know it; and if he wants the hereafter, I will know it.
And His word فَنَاظِرَةٌ بِمَ يَرْجِعُ الْمُرْسَلُونَ: she says: I will look with what report from him and what treatment of my gift that I send to him my envoys return — whether with acceptance and departing from us, or with the return of the gift and steadfastness in his demand that we follow him in his religion. The alif of "mā" has been elided in His word بِمَ; the original form is "bi-mā", for the Arabs elide the alif of "mā" when it has the meaning of "ayy" and is joined to a prepositional element, to distinguish the interrogative usage from the rest, as the Exalted says: عَمَّ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ and قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنتُمْ. Sometimes, however, they preserve the alif in it, as the poet said:
"Why does a base man stand reviling me — like a swine that wallows in the dust?"
She said: وَإِنِّي مُرْسِلَةٌ إِلَيْهِم although she was sending only to Sulaymān alone, in the manner that we have explained concerning His word: عَلَىٰ خَوْفٍ مِّن فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِمْ.