Tafseer of The Poets · Ash-Shu'araa · 26:54
[And said], "Indeed, those are but a small band,
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
And he said to them: إِنَّ هَؤُلاءِ (Verily, these) — by "these" he means the Children of Israel — لَشِرْذِمَةٌ قَلِيلُونَ (are but a small band). By shirdhimah is meant: the group and the contingent that remains over from larger groups; and the shirdhimah of a thing is its small remnant. Hence the saying of the poet:
"Winter has come and my shirt is worn out, rags at which the poet's child laughs."
"Qalīlūn" (the plural form, "many/few-ones") was said because each group of them carried the meaning of smallness; and when the groups were summed up together, "qalīlūn" was said, as al-Kumayt said:
"He sent back to him the far reaches of the tribes, they became as one tribe, in unity."
It is mentioned that the group which Pharaoh called "a small band" numbered six hundred and seventy thousand men.
* Mention of those who said this:
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Abū ʿUbayda, concerning إِنَّ هَؤُلاءِ لَشِرْذِمَةٌ قَلِيلُونَ: he said: "They were six hundred and seventy thousand."
He said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Isrāʾīl related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Abū ʿUbayda, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh, who said: "The shirdhimah: six hundred thousand and seventy thousand."
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Wāḍiḥ related to us, saying: Mūsā ibn ʿUbayda related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Qurẓī, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shaddād ibn al-Hād, who said: Yaʿqūb and his sons joined Yūsuf, and they were seventy-two in number; and they departed with Moses when they were six hundred thousand. Pharaoh then said: إِنَّ هَؤُلاءِ لَشِرْذِمَةٌ قَلِيلُونَ. Pharaoh set out on a black stallion, and in his army were eight hundred thousand horses of the same color as his horse.
Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Saʿīd al-Jurayrī, on the authority of Abū al-Sulayl, on the authority of Qays ibn ʿUbād, who said — and he was one of those who narrated most, or most recently, about the Children of Israel — he related to us that the small band which Pharaoh designated from the Children of Israel numbered six hundred thousand men. And the vanguard of Pharaoh consisted of seven hundred thousand, each man mounted on a horse, with a helmet on his head and a lance in his hand, while Pharaoh himself marched behind them with the dark mass. When Moses with the Children of Israel reached the sea, the Children of Israel said: "O Moses, where is what you promised us? The sea lies before us, and Pharaoh and his hosts have fallen upon us from behind." Moses said to the sea: "Split open, O father of Khālid!" The sea said: "No, I will not split open for you, O Moses — I was created before you." Then it was called out to him: "Strike the sea with your staff!" He struck it and the sea split open; there were twelve tribes. Al-Jurayrī said: I think he said: for each tribe there was a path. When the first soldiers of Pharaoh approached the sea, the horses shied back from the flames. But there appeared before one of the stallions a mare in heat, so that he caught the scent and charged forward, and the rest of the horses followed him. When the last part of Pharaoh's army had entered the sea and the last part of the Children of Israel had gone out of it, Allah commanded the sea and it closed shut over them. The Children of Israel said: "Pharaoh has not died, and he will never die." Allah heard how they belied His prophet ﷺ, and He cast Pharaoh up onto the shore, like a red bull, so that the Children of Israel could see him.
Mūsā related to us, saying: ʿAmr related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī, concerning the saying إِنَّ هَؤُلاءِ لَشِرْذِمَةٌ قَلِيلُونَ: he means the Children of Israel.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the saying إِنَّ هَؤُلاءِ لَشِرْذِمَةٌ قَلِيلُونَ: he said: "They were on that day six hundred thousand, and the number of Pharaoh's followers cannot be counted."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, concerning the saying وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى مُوسَى أَنْ أَسْرِ بِعِبَادِي إِنَّكُمْ مُتَّبَعُونَ: he said: Allah revealed to Moses: "Gather the Children of Israel, every four households into one house, then slaughter the lambs and smear their blood on the doors, for I shall command the angels not to enter any house whose door is smeared with blood, and I shall command them to kill the firstborn of Pharaoh's people, both among the people and among the cattle; then bake unleavened bread, for that is quicker for you; then depart in the night with My servants until you reach the sea, then My command will reach you." So it came to pass. When morning came, Pharaoh said: "This is the work of Moses and his people — they have killed our firstborn, both among the people and among the cattle." He sent after them one million five hundred thousand and five hundred armored kings, with each king a thousand men; and Pharaoh set out with the great multitude, and said: إِنَّ هَؤُلاءِ لَشِرْذِمَةٌ قَلِيلُونَ — he said: a small group. They were six hundred thousand, two hundred thousand of them being between twenty and forty years of age.
He said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn Hawshab, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: "With Pharaoh on that day were a thousand mighty men, each with a crown on his head and each commanding a cavalry detachment."
He said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: "There were thirty kings as a rearguard behind Pharaoh; they intended to march along with them, but Jibrīl was before them and sent the vanguard of the cavalry back upon the rearguard, so that he pursued them until he reached the sea."