Tabari

Tafseer of The Poets · Ash-Shu'araa · 26:199

فَقَرَأَهُۥ عَلَيْهِم مَّا كَانُوا۟ بِهِۦ مُؤْمِنِينَ

And he had recited it to them [perfectly], they would [still] not have been believers in it.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Dāwūd related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Abī Mūsā, who said: "I was standing beside ʿAbdallāh ibn Muṭīʿ on the plain of ʿArafa, and he recited this verse: وَلَوْ نَزَّلْنَاهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الأَعْجَمِينَ فَقَرَأَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ مُؤْمِنِينَ . He said: 'Had it descended upon my camel here and had it spoken it forth, they would not have believed in it. لَقَالُوا لَوْلَا فُصِّلَتْ آيَاتُهُ — so that both Arab and non-Arab would understand it — had We done that.'"

    Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn Idrīs related to us, saying: I heard Dāwūd ibn Abī Hind, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Abī Mūsā, who said: "ʿAbdallāh ibn Muṭīʿ stood on the plain of ʿArafa and recited this verse: وَلَوْ نَزَّلْنَاهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الأَعْجَمِينَ فَقَرَأَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ مُؤْمِنِينَ . He said: 'My camel is aʿjam — had it been sent down upon this one, they would not have believed in it.'"

    And from Qatāda there has been related in this connection what al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda: وَلَوْ نَزَّلْنَاهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الأَعْجَمِينَ — he said: "Had Allah sent it down in a non-Arabic tongue, they would have been the greatest losers, for they do not know the non-Arabic tongue."

    But that which we have mentioned from Qatāda is a position without foundation, for he explained the text as though the meaning were: "had We sent it down in a non-Arabic tongue," whereas the revelation reads: وَلَوْ نَزَّلْنَاهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الأَعْجَمِينَ — that is to say: "had We sent down this Arabic Qurʾān upon a beast among the mute creatures, or upon a creature that does not speak eloquently" — and it does not say: "had We sent it down in a non-Arabic tongue." So that the explanation of the text would not be what he has said.

    His word فَقَرَأَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ — He says: "and had that mute creature recited this to the unbelievers of your people, O Muḥammad, for whom it has been decreed that they will not believe" — they would not have believed in it. He says: they would not have come to faith, because of the misfortune that had already been ordained for them in My foreknowledge. This is a consolation from Allah to His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ, so that the grief over their turning away and their refusal to listen to the Qurʾān would not overwhelm him — for he ﷺ longed intensely that they would accept it and enter into that to which he called them, so that his Lord reproached him over the intensity of his longing for that, and said to him: لَعَلَّكَ بَاخِعٌ نَفْسَكَ أَلَّا يَكُونُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ . Then Allah causes him to despair of their belief and announces that they will perish through one of His chastisements, just as certain peoples perished whose stories He has told in this Sūra. "And had We sent it down, O Muḥammad, upon one of the Aʿjamīn and not upon you — for you are one of them — and were they to say: 'You are only a mortal like us, and why has no angel been sent down with you?' — had that non-Arab person recited this to them, and had they no longer any pretext to claim that it is the truth and a revelation from Me, they would still not have believed in it. So lessen your longing for their belief." Then Allah, Whose praise is exalted, confirms the message concerning what He has decreed for these polytheists (mushrikīn) — for whom He has stripped His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ of all hope of belief — by saying: "Just as We have decreed for these that they do not believe in this Qurʾān وَلَوْ نَزَّلْنَاهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الأَعْجَمِينَ فَقَرَأَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ كَذَلِكَ سَلَكْنَاهُ — the denial and the disbelief فِي قُلُوبِ الْمُجْرِمِينَ ." By His word سَلَكْنَا He means: "We have implanted it," and the pronoun in سَلَكْنَاهُ refers back to His word مَا كَانُوا بِهِ مُؤْمِنِينَ , as though it were said: "Thus have We implanted in the hearts of the criminals the abandonment of belief in this Qurʾān."

    And in accordance with what we have said concerning this, the exegetes spoke.

    * Mention of who said this: *

    Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj.

    Show original Arabic
    حدثنا ابن المثنى, قال: ثنا عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا داود, عن محمد بن أبي موسى, قال: كنت واقفا إلى جنب عبد الله بن مطيع بعرفة, فتلا هذه الآية: ( وَلَوْ نـزلْنَاهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الأعْجَمِينَ فَقَرَأَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ مُؤْمِنِينَ ) قال: لو نـزل على بعيري هذا فتكلم به ما آمنوا به لَقَالُوا لَوْلا فُصِّلَتْ آيَاتُهُ حتى يفقهه عربيّ وعجميّ, لو فعلنا ذلك. حدثنا أبو كُرَيب, قال: ثنا ابن إدريس, قال: سمعت داود بن أبي هند, عن محمد بن أبي موسى, قال: كان عبد الله بن مطيع واقفا بعرفة, فقرأ هذه الآية ( وَلَوْ نـزلْنَاهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الأعْجَمِينَ فَقَرَأَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ مُؤْمِنِينَ ) قال: فقال: جملي هذا أعجم, فلو أُنـزل على هذا ما كانوا به مؤمنين. ورُوي عن قَتادة في ذلك ما حدثنا الحسن, قال: أخبرنا عبد الرزاق, قال: أخبرنا معمر, عن قتادة: ( وَلَوْ نـزلْنَاهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الأعْجَمِينَ ) قال: لو نـزله الله أعجميا كانوا أخسر الناس به, لأنهم لا يعرفون بالعجمية. وهذا الذي ذكرناه عن قتادة قول لا وجه له, لأنه وجَّه الكلام أن معناه: ولو أنـزلناه أعجميا, وإنما التنـزيل ( وَلَوْ نـزلْنَاهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الأعْجَمِينَ ) يعني: ولو نـزلنا هذا القرآن العربي علي بهيمة من العجم أو بعض ما لا يفصح, ولم يقل: ولو نـزلناه أعجميا. فيكون تأويل الكلام ما قاله. وقوله ( فَقَرَأَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ) يقول: فقرأ هذا القرآن على كفار قومك يا محمد الذين حتمت عليهم أن لا يؤمنوا ذلك الأعجم ما كانوا به مؤمنين. يقول: لم يكونوا ليؤمنوا به, لما قد جرى لهم في سابق علمي من الشقاء, وهذا تسلية من الله نبيه محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم عن قومه, لئلا يشتد وجدُه بإدبارهم عنه, وإعراضهم عن الاستماع لهذا القرآن, لأنه كان صلى الله عليه وسلم شديدا حرصه على قبولهم منه, والدخول فيما دعاهم إليه, حتى عاتبه ربه على شدّة حرصه على ذلك منهم, فقال له: لَعَلَّكَ بَاخِعٌ نَفْسَكَ أَلا يَكُونُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ ثم قال مؤيسه من إيمانهم وأنهم هالكون ببعض مثلاته, كما هلك بعض الأمم الذين قص عليهم قصصهم في هذه السورة. ولو نـزلناه على بعض الأعجمين يا محمد لا عليك, فإنك رجل منهم, ويقولون لك: ما أنت إلا بشر مثلنا, وهلا نـزل به ملك, فقرأ ذلك الأعجم عليهم هذا القرآن, ولم يكن لهم علة يدفعون بها أنه حق, وأنه تنـزيل من عندي, ما كانوا به مصدقين, فخفض من حرصك على إيمانهم به, ثم وكد تعالى ذكره الخبر عما قد حتم على هؤلاء المشركين, الذين آيس نبيه محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم من إيمانهم من الشقاء والبلاء, فقال: كما حتمنا على هؤلاء أنهم لا يؤمنون بهذا القرآن ( وَلَوْ نَـزَّلْنَاهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الأَعْجَمِينَ فَقَرَأَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ) ( كَذَلِكَ سَلَكْنَاهُ ) التكذيب والكفر ( فِي قُلُوبِ الْمُجْرِمِينَ ). ويعني بقوله: سلكنا: أدخلنا, والهاء في قوله ( سلكناه ) كناية من ذكر قوله ( مَا كَانُوا بِهِ مُؤْمِنِينَ ), كأنه قال: كذلك أدخلنا في قلوب المجرمين ترك الإيمان بهذا القرآن. وبنحو الذي قلنا في تأويل ذلك قال أهل التأويل. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثني حجاج, عن ابن جُرَيج.