Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ الَّتِي فَعَلْتَ — this refers to the murder he committed against the man of the Copts.

   And with a meaning similar to what we have said concerning this, the exegetes spoke.

   Mention of those who said that:

   Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — all on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word: وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ الَّتِي فَعَلْتَ وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ * قَالَ فَعَلْتُهَا إِذًا وَأَنَا مِنَ الضَّالِّينَ — he said: "the killing."

   Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — similar.

   And the reason it is said وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ is that it concerns a single act, and it is not permissible to read the fāʾ with kasra when this meaning is intended. It is reported of al-Shaʿbī that he read this as "wa-faʿalta fiʿlataka" with kasra on the fāʾ — a reading that deviates from the reading of the Qurʾān-reciters of the great cities.

   And His word: وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ — the exegetes differed concerning this. Some said: the meaning is: "while you belonged to those who disbelieved in Allah, according to our religion."

   Mention of those who said that:

   Mūsā ibn Hārūn related to me, saying: ʿAmr related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ الَّتِي فَعَلْتَ وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ — that is to say: according to our religion which you despise.

   Others said: the meaning is: "while you belong to those who reject our beneficence toward you."

   Mention of those who said that:

   Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said, concerning His word: وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ الَّتِي فَعَلْتَ وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ — he said: "We raised you among us as a child — and this is the reward you give us: you killed a man of ours and rejected our beneficence!"

   Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ — he said: "one who rejects beneficence, because Pharaoh did not know what disbelief (kufr) was."

   Abū Jaʿfar said: the opinion of Ibn Zayd is the most in accordance with the interpretation of this verse, for Pharaoh did not acknowledge Allah as Lord — rather, he claimed that he himself was the Lord. It is therefore not possible that he would say to Mūsā — if Mūsā on the day of the killing had been upon his, Pharaoh's, religion as al-Suddī claims — "you committed the deed while you belonged to the disbelievers," because according to his own understanding his religion was the [true] belief. Unless someone says that he meant by it: "while you, according to your present word, were a disbeliever on that day, O Mūsā" — which would then be a defensible view. The interpretation of the passage is then as follows: "you killed the one whom you killed of ours, while you belong to those who reject our beneficence toward you and our care for you by killing him."

   It has also been said: the meaning is: "while you now reject our beneficence toward you and my raising of you."

   Show original Arabic

   ( وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ الَّتِي فَعَلْتَ ) يعني: قتله النفس التي قتل من القبط. وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى; وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعا, عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد, قوله: وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ الَّتِي فَعَلْتَ وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ * قَالَ فَعَلْتُهَا إِذًا وَأَنَا مِنَ الضَّالِّينَ قال: قتل النفس حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثني حجاج, عن ابن جُرَيج, عن مجاهد, مثله. وإنما قيل ( وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ ) لأنها مرة واحدة, ولا يجوز كسر الفاء إذا أريد بها هذا المعنى. وذُكر عن الشعبي أنه قرأ ذلك: " وَفَعَلْتَ فِعْلَتَكَ" بكسر الفاء, وهي قراءة لقراءة القرّاء من أهل الأمصار- مخالفة. وقوله: ( وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ ) اختلف أهل التأويل في تأويل ذلك, فقال بعضهم: معنى ذلك: وأنت من الكافرين بالله على ديننا. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني موسى بن هارون, قال: ثنا عمرو, قال: ثنا أسباط, عن السديّ: ( وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ الَّتِي فَعَلْتَ وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ ) يعني على ديننا هذا الذي تعيب. وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: وأنت من الكافرين نعمتنا عليك. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, في قوله: ( وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ الَّتِي فَعَلْتَ وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ ) قال: ربيناك فينا وليدا, فهذا الذي كافأتنا أن قتلت منا نفسا, وكفرت نعمتنا!. حدثني محمد بن سعد, قال: ثني أبي, قال: ثني عمي, قال: ثني أبي, عن أبيه, عن ابن عباس: ( وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ ) يقول: كافرا للنعمة لأن فرعون لم يكن يعلم ما الكفر. قال أبو جعفر: وهذا القول الذي قاله ابن زيد أشبه بتأويل الآية, لأن فرعون لم يكن مقرّا لله بالربوبية وإنما كان يزعم أنه هو الرب, فغير جائز أن يقول لموسى إن كان موسى كان عنده على دينه يوم قتل القتيل على ما قاله السديّ : فعلت الفعلة وأنت من الكافرين, الإيمان عنده: هو دينه الذي كان عليه موسى عنده, إلا أن يقول قائل: إنما أراد: وأنت من الكافرين يومئذ يا موسى, على قولك اليوم, فيكون ذلك وجها يتوجه. فتأويل الكلام إذن: وقتلت الذي قتلت منا وأنت من الكافرين نعمتنا عليك, وإحساننا إليك في قتلك إياه. وقد قيل: معنى ذلك: وأنت الآن من الكافرين لنعمتي عليك, وتربيتي إياك.