Tafseer of The Criterion · Al-Furqaan · 25:18
They will say, "Exalted are You! It was not for us to take besides You any allies. But You provided comforts for them and their fathers until they forgot the message and became a people ruined."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah, exalted is His mention, says: The angels whom these polytheists worshipped apart from Allah, and ʿĪsā as well, said: Glory be to You, O our Lord, and we declare ourselves free of what these polytheists have ascribed to You. It was not fitting for us to take any protector (walī) other than You whom we would support. You are our Protector above them. But You, O our Lord, provided them in the worldly life with wealth and health, until they forgot the admonition and were a ruined people upon whom calamity and abandonment had prevailed.
In the same manner as we have set this forth, the exegetes of the Qurʾān also spoke.
* Mention of who said this:
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: وَلَكِنْ مَتَّعْتَهُمْ وَآبَاءَهُمْ حَتَّى نَسُوا الذِّكْرَ وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا بُورًا (But You let them and their fathers enjoy, until they forgot the admonition and were a ruined people) — he said: a people whose good deeds had already perished in the worldly life, and they had no righteous works.
ʿAlī related to me, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا بُورًا — he said: lost people.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word: وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا بُورًا — he said: lost people.
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan — وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا بُورًا — he said: they are those in whom there is no good. Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا بُورًا — he said: it means: there is in them nothing of good. Al-būr is that in which there is no good whatsoever.
The readers differed in the reading of His word مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لَنَا أَنْ نَتَّخِذَ مِنْ دُونِكَ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءَ . Most readers of all regions read it نَتَّخِذَ with a fatḥa-vowelled nūn, except al-Ḥasan and Yazīd ibn al-Qaʿqāʿ, who read it as (أنَّ نُتَّخَذَ) with a ḍamma-vowelled nūn. Those who read it with fatḥa intended the meaning that we have set forth in the exegesis: that the angels and ʿĪsā, and whoever among the believers was worshipped apart from Allah, are those who declared themselves free of having any protector other than Allah, exalted is His mention. Those who read it with ḍamma gave the words the import that those who were worshipped declared themselves free before Allah of the fact that they had the right to be worshipped apart from Allah, glorious is His praise — as Allah has reported of ʿĪsā, that he said when he was asked: أَأَنْتَ قُلْتَ لِلنَّاسِ اتَّخِذُونِي وَأُمِّيَ إِلَهَيْنِ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ مَا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ ... مَا قُلْتُ لَهُمْ إِلا مَا أَمَرْتَنِي بِهِ أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ .
Abū Jaʿfar said: The more correct of the two readings, in my view, is the reading with the fatḥa-vowelled nūn, for three reasons: First: the consensus of the readers upon it. Second: that Allah, glorious is His praise, mentions a similar passage in Sūrat Sabaʾ and says: وَيَوْمَ يَحْشُرُهُمْ جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لِلْمَلائِكَةِ أَهَؤُلاءِ إِيَّاكُمْ كَانُوا يَعْبُدُونَ * قَالُوا سُبْحَانَكَ أَنْتَ وَلِيُّنَا مِنْ دُونِهِمْ — and He reported that the angels, when they are asked about the worship of those who worshipped them, declare themselves free before Allah of any protectorship (walāya) over them and say to their Lord: أَنْتَ وَلِيُّنَا مِنْ دُونِهِمْ . This makes clear the correctness of the reading of those who read مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لَنَا أَنْ نَتَّخِذَ مِنْ دُونِكَ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءَ with the meaning: it was not fitting for us to take them as protectors apart from You. Third: the Arabs insert this (negating) "min" only with nouns, not with predicates. They do not say: "mā raʾaytu akhāka min rajul" but rather "mā raʾaytu min aḥad" and "mā ʿindī min rajul." Here, however, the "min" has come to be attached to "al-awliyāʾ," which occupies the position of a predicate — even though without the "min" it would also be a sound construction.
As for būr: it is a singular collective, serving as a verbal noun (maṣdar) for bāʾir. One says: "aṣbaḥat manāziluhum būran" — that is to say: they are empty, there is nothing in them. From this one says: "bārat al-sūq" and "bāra al-ṭaʿām" when the market and the food no longer find seekers or buyers and are as though lost — hence the expression of Ibn al-Zabaʿrā:
يَا رَسُولَ الْمَلِيكِ إِنَّ لِسَانِي رَاتِقٌ مَا فَتَقْتُ إِذْ أَنَا بُورُ
It has also been said that būr is a verbal noun (maṣdar), like ʿadl, zūr, and qaṭʿ, which is not made dual, not made plural, and not made feminine. What is meant here by būr is that the deeds of these unbelievers were void, because they were not performed for the sake of Allah — as we have mentioned on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās.
** The exegesis of the word of Allah, exalted is He: فَقَدْ كَذَّبُوكُمْ بِمَا تَقُولُونَ فَمَا تَسْتَطِيعُونَ صَرْفًا وَلا نَصْرًا **
Allah, exalted is His mention, says, reporting what He will say to the polytheists when those whom they worshipped in the worldly life apart from Allah declare themselves free of them: They have refuted you, O unbelievers — you who claimed that they had led you astray and called you to their worship — by means of what you say, that is to say: by your words. He says: they have contradicted your lie.
In the same manner as we have explained this, the exegetes also spoke.
* Mention of who said this:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid — فَقَدْ كَذَّبُوكُمْ بِمَا تَقُولُونَ — Allah says to those who worshipped ʿĪsā, ʿUzayr, and the angels: they refute the polytheists.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — فَقَدْ كَذَّبُوكُمْ بِمَا تَقُولُونَ — he said: ʿĪsā, ʿUzayr, and the angels refute the polytheists by their words.
Ibn Zayd used to say concerning the exegesis of this what Yūnus related to me, who said: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word فَقَدْ كَذَّبُوكُمْ بِمَا تَقُولُونَ فَمَا تَسْتَطِيعُونَ صَرْفًا وَلا نَصْرًا : they have refuted you by what has come from Allah and what the prophets brought, and the believers believed it, while these denied it. Ibn Zayd explained the meaning of His word فَقَدْ كَذَّبُوكُمْ thus: they — the unbelievers — have refuted you, O believers, concerning what you say of the Truth. But the explanation that Mujāhid gave — namely that it is a report about those who refute the unbelievers in their claim that they had called them to error and incited them to it — is the most fitting and appropriate, because it stands in continuity with the report about them. The reading that we know is فَقَدْ كَذَّبُوكُمْ بِمَا تَقُولُونَ with a tāʾ, in accordance with the explanation that we have mentioned, because the authoritative readers of all regions are agreed upon it. It has, however, been transmitted that some read it as (فَقَدْ كَذَّبُوكُمْ بِمَا يَقُولُونَ) with a yāʾ, with the meaning: they have refuted you by what they said.
And His word, glorious is His praise: فَمَا تَسْتَطِيعُونَ صَرْفًا وَلا نَصْرًا — that is to say: these unbelievers are not able to avert the punishment of Allah when it descends upon them, nor to aid themselves against it when Allah punishes and chastises them.
In the same manner as we have explained this, the exegetes also spoke.
* Mention of who said this:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid — فَمَا تَسْتَطِيعُونَ صَرْفًا وَلا نَصْرًا — he said: the polytheists are not able to do so.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — فَمَا تَسْتَطِيعُونَ صَرْفًا وَلا نَصْرًا — he said: the polytheists. Ibn Jurayj said: they are not able to avert the suffering from themselves, nor to aid themselves.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word فَمَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ صَرْفًا وَلا نَصْرًا : they are not able to avert from themselves the torment that descends upon them when they denied, nor to aid themselves. He said: on the Day of Resurrection, when the creatures gather, a herald will call out: "What is the matter with you, that you do not aid one another?" — the one who is worshipped apart from Allah will not aid, that day, the one who worshipped him; and the worshippers of those worshipped apart from Allah will say: his deity which he worshipped apart from Allah does not aid him today. Upon this Allah, blessed and exalted, said: بَلْ هُمُ الْيَوْمَ مُسْتَسْلِمُونَ and he recited the word of Allah, glorious is His praise: فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ كَيْدٌ فَكِيدُونِ .
There has been transmitted from Ibn Masʿūd in this connection what Aḥmad ibn Yūnus related to us: al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to us, on the authority of Hārūn, who said: in the copy (muṣḥaf) of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd it stands as (فَمَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ لَكَ صَرْفًا). If this transmission from him is correct, then the explanation that Ibn Zayd gave of His word فَقَدْ كَذَّبُوكُمْ بِمَا تَقُولُونَ is confirmed, and the meaning of His word فَقَدْ كَذَّبُوكُمْ becomes a report about the polytheists that they denied the believers, and the meaning of His word then becomes: فَمَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ لَكَ صَرْفًا — "O Muḥammad, these unbelievers are not able to turn you away from the Truth to which Allah has guided you, nor to aid themselves against the calamity in which they find themselves by denying you."