Tafseer of The Light · An-Noor · 24:23
Indeed, those who [falsely] accuse chaste, unaware and believing women are cursed in this world and the Hereafter; and they will have a great punishment
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah, exalted be His mention, says: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ — with the foul deed — الْمُحْصَنَاتِ — that is: the chaste women — الْغَافِلاتِ — heedless of foul deeds — الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ — in Allah and His Prophet ﷺ — لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ ("they are cursed in this world and the Hereafter"): that is to say, they are far removed from the mercy of Allah in this world and the Hereafter. وَلَهُمْ ("and for them is") — in the Hereafter — عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ ("a grievous punishment"): and that is the punishment of Hell (jahannam).
The scholars of interpretation differed concerning the chaste women (al-muḥṣanāt) whom this ruling concerns. Some said: this applies exclusively to ʿĀʾisha, and it is a ruling of Allah that applies to her and to the one who accused her, and not to the rest of the women of the community of our Prophet ﷺ.
*Mention of those who said this:
Ibn Abī al-Shawārib related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Wāhid ibn Ziyād related to us, saying: Khaṣīf related to us, who said: "I asked Saʿīd ibn Jubayr: Which is graver — fornication or accusing a chaste woman? He said: Fornication. I said: But does Allah not say: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ... the verse? Saʿīd said: This applied exclusively to ʿĀʾisha."
Ahmad ibn ʿAbda al-Ḍabbī related to us, saying: Abū ʿAwāna related to us, on the authority of ʿUmar ibn Abī Salama, on the authority of his father, who said: "ʿĀʾisha said: I was accused of what I was accused of while I knew nothing of it; it reached me afterward. While the Prophet ﷺ was sitting with me, a revelation was given to him — and when a revelation was given to him, something like unconsciousness would overcome him. Then he raised himself up, wiped his face, and said: Rejoice, O ʿĀʾisha. She said: I said: With the praise of Allah, not with your praise. Then he recited: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ... until he reached: أُولَئِكَ مُبَرَّءُونَ مِمَّا يَقُولُونَ ."
Others said: No, this applies exclusively to the wives of the Prophet ﷺ, not to the rest of the women.
*Mention of those who said this:
It was related to me by al-Husayn, who said: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd informed us, saying: I heard al-Ḍahhāk say concerning إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ... the verse: "The wives of the Prophet ﷺ exclusively."
Others said: This verse was sent down concerning the affair of ʿĀʾisha, but what is meant is all women who possess the characteristic that Allah has described in this verse. They said: That, then, is the ruling for everyone who accuses a chaste woman who has not committed fornication.
*Mention of those who said this:
ʿAlī ibn Sahl related to us, saying: Zayd related to us, on the authority of Jaʿfar ibn Burqān, who said: "I asked Maymūn: Concerning what Allah mentions: وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ ... up to His words: إِلا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ — in it He has made repentance possible; but in the other He has said: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلاتِ ... up to His words: لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ — and He has not made repentance possible. Maymūn said: The first verse perhaps concerns women who may have committed fornication, but this verse concerns the one who has done nothing of the sort."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Husayn related to us, saying: Hushaym related to us, saying: al-ʿAwwām ibn Hawshab informed us, on the authority of a sheikh of the Banū Asad, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās — he said: "He expounded Surah al-Nūr, and when he came to this verse إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ... the verse, he said: This concerns the affair of ʿĀʾisha and the wives of the Prophet ﷺ, and it is of general application, and there is no repentance for them. Then he recited: وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ ... up to His words: إِلا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا ... the verse. He said: For these He has made repentance possible, but for those who accused the others He has not made repentance possible." He said: "One of the people wanted to step up to him to kiss his head on account of the beauty of his exposition of Surah al-Nūr."
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said: "This concerns ʿĀʾisha — and whoever today does the same toward Muslim women, for him applies what Allah has said, but ʿĀʾisha was the precedent for that."
Others said: This verse was sent down concerning the wives of the Prophet ﷺ, and so it was — until the verse at the beginning of the surah was sent down that made flogging obligatory and accepted repentance.
*Mention of those who said this:
Muhammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: "What was meant were the wives of the Prophet ﷺ — the hypocrites accused them, so that Allah made obligatory upon these the curse and the wrath, and they loaded upon themselves the displeasure of Allah. That applied to the wives of the Prophet ﷺ; then was sent down: وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ ... up to His words: فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ . Then Allah sent down the flogging and the repentance — the repentance is accepted and the testimony is rejected."
And the most correct of these opinions in my judgment is the opinion of the one who said: this verse was sent down concerning the affair of ʿĀʾisha, but the ruling in it applies generally to everyone who possesses the characteristic that Allah has described in it.
We say that as the most correct of its interpretations — because Allah has stated it in general terms in: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ — for every chaste, heedless, believing woman who is accused of fornication by someone, without distinguishing between some and others. And so everyone who accuses a chaste woman possessing the characteristic that Allah mentions in it of fornication is cursed in this world and the Hereafter, and for him there is a grievous punishment — unless he repents of that sin before his death, for Allah has, through His exception in His words إِلا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا , indicated that this is the ruling of the one who accuses every chaste woman — and that His words: لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ have the meaning: for them is that if they die without repentance.