Tafseer of The Light · An-Noor · 24:22
And let not those of virtue among you and wealth swear not to give [aid] to their relatives and the needy and the emigrants for the cause of Allah, and let them pardon and overlook. Would you not like that Allah should forgive you? And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah, exalted be His mention, says: And let not those possessed of virtue among you swear by Allah — that is to say: those possessed of bounty and abundance, those possessed of wealth.
The reciters differed over the reading of His words: وَلا يَأْتَلِ . Most of the reciters of the great cities read: وَلا يَأْتَلِ in the meaning of yaftaʿilu from al-aliyya (the oath by Allah), except Abū Jaʿfar and Zayd ibn Aslam — it is reported of them that they read it as "wa-lā yataʾalla" in the meaning of yatafaʿʿalu, from al-aliyya.
The most correct of the readings concerning this, in my view, is the reading of those who read: وَلا يَأْتَلِ in the meaning of yaftaʿilu — because that is how it stands in the written text of the muṣḥaf, while the other reading departs from the written text of the muṣḥaf. Following the muṣḥaf, together with the reading of the community of reciters and the soundness of the recited text, is preferable to departing from all of that.
What is intended by this is the words of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq, may Allah be pleased with him, in his oath by Allah that he would no longer support Misṭah. Allah, exalted be His praise, says: Let not whoever possesses wealth and abundance, O believers, swear by Allah that he will give nothing to his kinsfolk, such as Misṭah — he was the cousin of Abū Bakr. وَالْمَسَاكِينَ ("and the poor"): Misṭah was among them, for he was poor and needy. وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ("and the emigrants in the way of Allah"): those who departed from their homes and possessions in the struggle (jihād) against the enemies of Allah. Misṭah was among them, for he was an emigrant from Mecca to Medina and was present at Badr. وَلْيَعْفُوا ("and let them pardon"): and let them pardon what has been committed against them by way of offense — such as the offense of Misṭah against Abū Bakr by spreading the slander concerning his daughter ʿĀʾisha. وَلْيَصْفَحُوا ("and let them overlook"): and let them cease punishing them by withholding from them what they used to give them before. أَلا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ("do you not love that Allah should forgive you?"): do you not love that Allah should cover over your sins on account of your kindness toward them? وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ ("and Allah is Forgiving"): of the sins of whoever obeys Him and follows His command. رَحِيمٌ ("Merciful"): toward them, rather than punishing them while they follow His command.
In accordance with what we have said concerning this spoke also the scholars of interpretation.
*Mention of those who said this:
Ibn Humayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of ʿAlqama ibn Waqqāṣ al-Laythī, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab, on the authority of ʿUrwa ibn al-Zubayr, on the authority of ʿUbaydullāh ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿUtba, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha; and Ibn Isḥāq related to me: Yahyā ibn ʿAbbād ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn al-Zubayr related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha; and Ibn Isḥāq related to me: ʿAbdullāh ibn Abī Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn ʿAmr ibn Hazm al-Anṣārī related to me, on the authority of ʿAmra bint ʿAbd al-Rahmān, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha. She said: "When this was sent down" — that is to say: the word of Allah إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُوا بِالإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمْ concerning ʿĀʾisha — Abū Bakr — who used to maintain Misṭah on account of his kinship and neediness — said: "By Allah, I will never give Misṭah anything, nor ever bring him any benefit, after what he has said about ʿĀʾisha." She said: Then Allah sent down concerning that وَلا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ ... the verse. She said: Abū Bakr said: "By Allah, I surely love that Allah should grant me forgiveness," and he resumed for Misṭah the support that he used to provide him and said: "By Allah, I will never withdraw it from him."
ʿAlī related to me: ʿAbdullāh related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning وَلا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ : "Do not swear that you will not benefit anyone."
Muhammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: "There were people among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ who had accused ʿĀʾisha of the disgraceful thing, had spread this and spoken about it. Some of the companions — among them Abū Bakr — swore to give nothing to, and to maintain no contact with, a man who had spoken about this. Allah said: Let not those possessed of virtue and abundance swear that they will not maintain their kinsfolk. Allah commanded that they be pardoned and that one overlook them."
I was told by al-Husayn, saying: I heard Abā Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd informed us, saying: I heard al-Ḍahhāk say: "When Allah had sent down from the heaven the innocence of ʿĀʾisha, Abū Bakr and others of the Muslims said: By Allah, we will maintain none of those who said anything about the affair of ʿĀʾisha. Then Allah sent down: وَلا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ — that is to say: do not swear."
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said: "Misṭah was a kinsman. وَالْمَسَاكِينَ : he was poor. وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ : he was present at Badr."
Muhammad ibn ʿAmr related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Hārith related to me, saying: al-Hasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīh, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning وَلا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ : he said: "Abū Bakr swore to grant nothing to an orphan in his care who had spread it. When this verse was sent down, he said: Yes, I love that Allah should grant me forgiveness. And he was better toward his orphan than he had ever been."