Tafseer of The Prophets · Al-Anbiyaa · 21:95
And there is prohibition upon [the people of] a city which We have destroyed that they will [ever] return
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The Qurʾān reciters differed in reciting His words (وَحَرَامٌ). The majority of the reciters of Kūfa read (وَحِرْمٌ) with a kasra on the ḥāʾ, while the majority of the reciters of al-Madīna and al-Baṣra read it as (وَحَرَامٌ) with a fatḥa on the ḥāʾ and an alif.
The most correct position is that both readings are valid and agree in meaning, not differing from one another. For the word al-ḥirm is the same as al-ḥarām, and al-ḥarām is the same as al-ḥirm — just as al-ḥill is the same as al-ḥalāl and al-ḥalāl is the same as al-ḥill. Whichever of the two the reader recites with, he has done well.
Ibn ʿAbbās used to read it as (وَحِرم) — with a kasra — in the meaning of: and it has been decreed (ʿazm).
Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me; he said: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Abū al-Muʿallā, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: he used to read it as (وَحِرْمَ عَلى قَرْيَة). He said: I asked Saʿīd: "What does ḥiram mean?" He said: "Decreed (ʿazm)."
Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to us; he said: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us; he said: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Abū al-Muʿallā, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: he used to read it as (وحِرْمٌ عَلى قَرْيَةٍ). I asked Abū al-Muʿallā: "What is al-ḥirm?" He said: "It has been decreed against her."
Ibn al-Muthannā related to us; he said: ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us; he said: Dāwūd related to us, on the authority of ʿIkrima, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: he used to read this verse as (وَحِرْمٌ عَلى قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنَاهَا أَنَّهُمْ لا يَرْجِعُونَ) — meaning that no return comes back from them and no repentance.
Ibn al-Muthannā related to us; he said: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb related to us; he said: Dāwūd related to us, on the authority of ʿIkrima, who said: (وَحَرَامٌ عَلَى قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنَاهَا أَنَّهُمْ لا يَرْجِعُونَ) — "None of them returned; that was forbidden for them."
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us; he said: ʿĪsā ibn Farqad related to us; he said: Jābir al-Juʿfī related to us: he said: I asked Abū Jaʿfar (al-Bāqir) about the return (al-rajʿa), upon which he recited this verse: (وَحَرَامٌ عَلَى قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنَاهَا أَنَّهُمْ لا يَرْجِعُونَ).
It appears that Abū Jaʿfar directed the interpretation of that verse toward the meaning: it is forbidden for the people of a town that We have killed that they should return to the world. The interpretation of ʿIkrima is, in my view, the most correct, for Allah, exalted be His praise, gave an account of the division of mankind in the religion to which the Messengers had called them, and then He gave an account of His dealing with whoever did the good to which His Messengers called. Then He added to that: (وَحَرَامٌ عَلَى قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنَاهَا أَنَّهُمْ لا يَرْجِعُونَ). Hence it is more fitting that this be an account of His dealing with whoever refused to obey His Messengers, committed disobedience to Him, and disbelieved in Him — so that it is a clarification of the condition of the other town that did not perform good works and disbelieved in Him.
If this is so, then the interpretation of the statement is: forbidden for the people of a town that We have destroyed by setting a seal over their hearts and stamping over their hearing and their faces — when they turned away from Our path and disbelieved in Our signs — that they should repent and return to belief in Us, to the following of Our commands, and to obedience to Us. And if this is the interpretation of Allah's words (وَحِرْمٌ) — as "decreed" — as Saʿīd said, then the lā in (أَنَّهُمْ لا يَرْجِعُونَ) is not a redundant particle, but rather has the meaning of negation. The meaning of the statement is then: and it is a decree from Us over a town that We have destroyed that they shall not return from their disbelief. The same applies if (وَحَرَمٌ) is read as "We have prescribed." Some have claimed that lā here is a redundant particle, so that the meaning of the statement would be: forbidden for a town that We have destroyed that they should return. But the exegetes whom we have mentioned knew the meaning of this better than he.