Tafseer of The Prophets · Al-Anbiyaa · 21:85
And [mention] Ishmael and Idrees and Dhul-Kifl; all were of the patient.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
By Ismāʿīl, Allah the Exalted means: Ismāʿīl ibn Ibrāhīm, the one true to his promise; and by Idrīs: Akhnūkh (Enoch); and by Dhū al-Kifl: a man who, before one of the people — whether a prophet or a righteous king — took upon himself a pledge concerning one of the good works, and fulfilled it after him. Allah praised him for his faithfulness to what he had taken upon himself, and counted him among His mentioned servants, together with those whose patience in obedience to Allah was praised. In accordance with what we have said are the reports of the early scholars.
Mention of the reports concerning that: Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Muʾammal related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of al-Minhāl ibn ʿAmr, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥārith: that a prophet from among the prophets said: "Who will guarantee me that he will fast by day, pray by night, and not become angry?" Then a young man stood up and said: "I." The prophet said: "Sit down." Then he repeated it, and the young man stood up again and said: "I." He said: "Sit down." Then he repeated it once more; the young man stood up and said: "I." He said: "You fast by day, pray by night, and do not become angry." That prophet died, and the young man took his place as judge among the people. He never became angry. Then the devil came in the form of a man to make him angry while he was fasting and wishing to sleep; he knocked violently on the door. "Who is there?" — "A man who is in need." He sent someone with him, but he said: "I am not content with this man." He sent another; he said: "I am also not content." Then he himself went out, took him by the hand and walked with him; but when they were in the marketplace he let him go and vanished. Thus he was named Dhū al-Kifl (the Guarantor).
Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: ʿAffān ibn Muslim related to us, saying: Wuhaib related to us, saying: Dāwud related to us, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said: When al-Yasaʿ grew old he said: "Let me appoint someone to rule over the people on my behalf during my lifetime." He gathered the people and said: "Who will guarantee me three things so that I may appoint him? He fasts by day, prays by night, and does not become angry." A man stood up who seemed lowly in the eyes, and said: "I." He said: "You fast by day, pray by night, and do not become angry?" He said: "Yes." He sent them away that day; the next day he repeated the same; the people kept silent, but that man stood up and said: "I." He appointed him. Iblīs said to the devils: "Take hold of so-and-so," but he rendered them powerless. Then he said: "Leave him to me." He went to him in the form of a needy old man, at the moment when he lay down for the midday nap — for he slept neither by day nor by night except at that hour. He knocked on the door. "Who is there?" — "An old, wronged man." He got up, opened the door, and the man began his tale: "Between me and my people there is a dispute; they have wronged me." He kept going on so long that the time for the sitting drew near and the midday nap was lost. "Go to the sitting, then come to me, and I will give you your right." He went off; the man went to the sitting and looked to see if he saw the old man, but he did not see him. The next day he gave judgment and waited for him, but did not see him. When he returned for the midday nap, the other knocked on the door. "Who is there?" — "The old, wronged man." He opened the door and said: "Did I not say to you: come to the sitting?" "They are the filthiest of people; if they know that you are sitting, they say: we will give you your right; but as soon as you leave they deny me." "Come along, and come to the sitting." But the sitting ended without him. Sleep weighed heavily upon him; he said to his household: "Let no one come to this door until I have slept." When the other appeared at that very hour and the keeper held him back, he saw an opening in the house, climbed through it inside, and knocked on the door from within. The man awoke: "O so-and-so, did I not give you a command?" "On my part — by Allah — nothing was fallen short of; just look how you have been reached." He went to the door: shut as he had shut it, yet the visitor was with him inside the house. He recognized him: "You are the enemy of Allah?" "Yes. You have defeated me in every respect, and I did this to make you angry." Thus he was named Dhū al-Kifl, because he took something upon himself and remained faithful to it.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the saying وَذَا الْكِفْلِ: "A righteous man, not a prophet, who guaranteed before the prophet of his people that he would manage the affairs of his people, organize them, and judge with justice; he did that, and thus he was named Dhū al-Kifl."
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid — to the same effect, except that he said: "with the right."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Abū Maʿshar, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Qays, who said: There was among the Children of Israel a righteous king. When he grew old, he gathered his people and said: "Who will guarantee me this kingship on the condition that he fasts by day, prays by night, judges among the Children of Israel in accordance with what Allah has sent down, and does not become angry?" No one stood up except a young man; but he looked down upon him because of his young age. He repeated it; again only that young man stood up. The third time: only that young man. "Come here." He handed over the kingship to him. The young man stood in prayer through the night; in the early morning he gave judgment. When it was midday, he would go to sleep; the devil came in the form of a man and pulled at his garment: "Do you sleep while there are litigants standing at your door?" "Come in the evening." In the evening he waited for him but he did not come. The next midday the devil again pulled at his garment. "I told you: come in the evening, but you did not come. Come in the evening." In the evening he waited for him but he did not come. When he wished to go to sleep the devil again pulled at his garment: "Do you sleep while there are litigants standing at your door?" "Tell me who you are; if you were a human being, you would have heeded my word." He said that it was the devil, who wished to seduce him but whom Allah had guarded him against. He judged for a long time in accordance with what Allah had sent down — that is Dhū al-Kifl; he was named so because he took the kingship upon himself.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī while he was preaching: "Dhū al-Kifl was not a prophet, but a pious servant who took upon himself the works of a dying righteous man; that man used to pray a hundred prayers to Allah each day, and he fulfilled what he had taken upon himself; Allah praised him for that."
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: al-Ḥakam related to us, saying: ʿAmr related to us: "Dhū al-Kifl was a king over the Children of Israel. When death drew near he said: Who will guarantee me that he will administer the Children of Israel, will not become angry, and will pray a hundred prayers each day? Dhū al-Kifl said: I. He gave judgment and prayed a hundred prayers each day. The devil sought to seduce him; he left him alone until he had finished judging and completed his prayers and lay down in his resting place. Then the devil knocked on the door; he went out. The devil said: I have been wronged, this and that has been done to me. He gave him his signet ring and said: Go, bring me your adversary. He waited, but the other stayed away long; the devil knocked at the door again, scratched his own face until the blood flowed, and went in. Dhū al-Kifl asked: What is the matter? The devil said: He did not come along, I have been beaten. Dhū al-Kifl seized him, did not understand his affair, and said: Tell me who you are. He gripped him firmly, and he told who he was."
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning the saying وَذَا الْكِفْلِ: Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī said: "Dhū al-Kifl was not a prophet, but he took upon himself the prayers of a man — who used to pray a hundred prayers each day — and he fulfilled them; therefore he was named Dhū al-Kifl." Ismāʿīl, Idrīs, and Dhū al-Kifl are in the accusative as being joined to Ayyūb; then كُلٌّ مِنَ الصَّابِرِينَ was begun anew, with the meaning: they all were among the people of patience in what befell them in the service of Allah.