Tabari

Tafseer of The Prophets · Al-Anbiyaa · 21:43

أَمْ لَهُمْ ءَالِهَةٌۭ تَمْنَعُهُم مِّن دُونِنَا ۚ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ نَصْرَ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَا هُم مِّنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ

Or do they have gods to defend them other than Us? They are unable [even] to help themselves, nor can they be protected from Us.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    Allah, exalted be His praise, says: Do those who seek to hasten their Lord's punishment have gods besides Us who protect them, should We send down upon them Our punishment and bring down upon them Our scourge? The actual meaning is: do they have gods besides Us who protect them against Us? Then Allah, exalted be His praise, described the gods as weak and lowly and belonging to their own kind, and said: how can their gods, whom they call upon besides Us, protect them against Us, when those gods are unable to help themselves?

    His words وَلَا هُمْ مِنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ — "And they are not granted companionship by Us." The exegetes differed concerning who is meant here and concerning the meaning of yuṣḥabūna. Some said: thereby the gods are meant, and that they are not granted any good by Allah.

    Mention of those who said this:

    Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning the words أَمْ لَهُمْ آلِهَةٌ تَمْنَعُهُمْ مِنْ دُونِنَا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ نَصْرَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ — thereby the gods are meant — وَلَا هُمْ مِنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ — "He says: they are not granted any good by Allah."

    Others said: the meaning of this is: and they are not helped by Us.

    Mention of those who said this:

    Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Abū Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the words وَلَا هُمْ مِنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ : "They are not helped."

    Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: Ibn ʿAbbās said concerning the words أَمْ لَهُمْ آلِهَةٌ تَمْنَعُهُمْ مِنْ دُونِنَا up to يُصْحَبُونَ : "They are helped." And he said: Mujāhid said: "And they are not protected."

    ʿAlī related to us, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning the words وَلَا هُمْ مِنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ : "They are placed under protection" (yujārūn).

    Mention of those who said this:

    Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning the words وَلَا هُمْ مِنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ : "He says: they are not placed under protection by Us (yujārūna). That is what Allah means by وَهُوَ يُجِيرُ وَلَا يُجَارُ عَلَيْهِ — that is to say: the protector (ṣāḥib), that is the person who has a protector for what he fears. That is what is meant by they are granted companionship (yuṣḥabūna)."

    Abū Jaʿfar says: The most correct position on this matter is the view that we have mentioned on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: that the hum in وَلَا هُمْ refers back to the unbelievers, and that يُصْحَبُونَ has the meaning of they are placed under protection (yujārūna) — they are granted companionship through protection — because the Arabs are reported to say: I am for you a protector (jār) and companion (ṣāḥib) of So-and-so, in the sense of: I protect you and guard you. And if they are not granted companionship through protection, and there is no protector for them against Allah's punishment while Allah is wrathful with them — then they are not granted any good and they are not helped.

    Show original Arabic
    يقول تعالى ذكره: الهؤلاء المستعجلي ربهم بالعذاب آلهة تمنعهم، إن نحن أحللنا بهم عذابنا، وأنـزلنا بهم بأسنا من دوننا؟ ومعناه: أم لهم آلهة من دوننا تمنعهم منا، ثم وصف جلّ ثناؤه الآلهة بالضعف والمهانة، وما هي به من صفتها، فقال وكيف تستطيع آلهتهم التي يدعونها من دوننا أن تمنعهم منا وهي لا تستطيع نصر أنفسها، وقوله: ( وَلا هُمْ مِنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ ) اختلف أهل التأويل في المعني بذلك، وفي معنى يُصْحبون، فقال بعضهم: عنى بذلك الآلهة، وأنها لا تصحب من الله بخير. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله ( أَمْ لَهُمْ آلِهَةٌ تَمْنَعُهُمْ مِنْ دُونِنَا لا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ نَصْرَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ ) يعني الآلهة ( وَلا هُمْ مِنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ ) يقول: لا يصحبون من الله بخير. وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: ولا هم منا ينصرون. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا أبو ثور، عن معمر، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد ( وَلا هُمْ مِنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ ) قال: لا ينصرون. حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج، قال: قال ابن عباس، قوله ( أَمْ لَهُمْ آلِهَةٌ تَمْنَعُهُمْ مِنْ دُونِنَا ) إلى قوله: (يُصْحَبُونَ) قال: ينصرون، قال: قال مجاهد: ولا هم يُحْفظون. حدثنا عليّ، قال: ثنا أبو صالح، قال: ثني معاوية، عن عليّ، عن ابن عباس، قوله ( وَلا هُمْ مِنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ ) يُجَارُون (7) . * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس، قوله ( وَلا هُمْ مِنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ ) يقول: ولا هم منا يجارون، وهو قوله وَهُوَ يُجِيرُ وَلا يُجَارُ عَلَيْهِ يعني الصاحب، وهو الإنسان يكون له خفير مما يخاف، فهو قوله يصحبون. قال أبو جعفر: وأولى الأقوال في ذلك بالصواب قول من قال: هذا القول الذي حكيناه عن ابن عباس، وأن (هُمْ) من قوله (ولا هُمْ) من ذكر الكفار، وأن قوله (يُصْحَبُونَ) بمعنى: يجارون يصحبون بالجوار؛ لأن العرب محكي عنها أنا لك جار من فلان وصاحب، بمعنى: أجيرك وأمنعك، وهم إذا لم يصحبوا بالجوار، ولم يكن لهم مانع من عذاب الله مع سخط الله عليهم، فلم يصحبوا بخير ولم ينصروا. --------------------------- الهوامش : (7) لم يقدم قبل هذا القول الأخير خلاصته ، كعادته التي سار عليها ، قبل ذكر القائلين له . كان يقول : وقال بعضهم : بل معناه يجأرون .