Tafseer of The Prophets · Al-Anbiyaa · 21:31
And We placed within the earth firmly set mountains, lest it should shift with them, and We made therein [mountain] passes [as] roads that they might be guided.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah, exalted be His praise, says: Have these unbelievers not also seen this proof of Ours — a proof for themselves and for all creatures — that We have placed in the earth firmly anchored mountains? Al-rawāsī is the plural of rāsiya, that is to say: the firm, established mountain.
Thus Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning the words وَجَعَلْنَا فِي الْأَرْضِ رَوَاسِيَ : "That is to say: mountains."
His words أَنْ تَمِيدَ بِهِمْ — "lest it should make them sway" — He says: lest it should cause them to tilt. Allah, exalted be His praise, says: We have placed in this earth these anchored mountains and thereby fixed it firmly, so that it would not make the people sway and they could stand firm upon its surface.
Thus Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, who said: "They quaked upon the earth and could find no rest; but Allah placed the mountains — the rawāsī — as pegs for the earth."
And We made therein fijāj (passes) — that is to say: roads. The singular is fajj.
Thus Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning the words وَجَعَلْنَا فِيهَا فِجَاجًا — "that is to say: landmarks." And His words سُبُلًا — "roads" — these are the plural of al-sabīl.
Ibn ʿAbbās, according to what has been related from him, is reported to have said concerning the words وَجَعَلْنَا فِيهَا فِجَاجًا : "He means: We made within the rawāsī" — so that the pronoun hā in فِيهَا refers back to the rawāsī.
This was related to us by al-Qāsim, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: Ibn ʿAbbās said concerning the words وَجَعَلْنَا فِيهَا فِجَاجًا سُبُلًا : "Between the mountains."
We, however, have chosen the other view — namely, that the pronoun refers back to the earth — because then both the plains and the mountains fall under it, for all those earthly parts are part of the earth. Allah has made for His creatures in all those parts passages as roads. There is no indication pointing to His having meant thereby only certain portions of the earth and not others. Therefore the general meaning (al-ʿumūm) is to be preferred.
His words لَعَلَّهُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ — "so that perhaps they might find the way." Allah, exalted be His praise, says: We made these passages in the earth so that they might find the way to travel through it.