Tafseer of Taa-Haa · Taa-Haa · 20:98
Your god is only Allah, except for whom there is no deity. He has encompassed all things in knowledge."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The exposition of the interpretation of the word of the Exalted: قَالَ فَاذْهَبْ فَإِنَّ لَكَ فِي الْحَيَاةِ أَنْ تَقُولَ لا مِسَاسَ وَإِنَّ لَكَ مَوْعِدًا لَنْ تُخْلَفَهُ وَانْظُرْ إِلَى إِلَهِكَ الَّذِي ظَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ عَاكِفًا لَنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ ثُمَّ لَنَنْسِفَنَّهُ فِي الْيَمِّ نَسْفًا (20:97)
The Glorified says: Mūsā said to the Sāmirī: "Then go away — for it is yours, during the days of your life, that you say: lā misāsa, that is to say: I do not touch and I am not touched." It has been related that Mūsā commanded the Banū Isrāʾīl not to feed him, not to associate with him, and not to deal with him. Hence he said to him: "In life it is yours that you say: lā misāsa." And this remained so — as related — in his tribe.
As we were told by Bishr, who said: Yazīd related to us, who said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, who said: "By Allah, the Sāmirī was a great man among the great ones of the Banū Isrāʾīl, of a tribe called Sāmira; but the enemy of Allah fell into hypocrisy after he had crossed the sea with the Banū Isrāʾīl." His word فَاذْهَبْ فَإِنَّ لَكَ فِي الْحَيَاةِ أَنْ تَقُولَ لا مِسَاسَ: "Their descendants say to this very day: lā misāsa."
And His word وَإِنَّ لَكَ مَوْعِدًا لَنْ تُخْلَفَهُ: the readers differed over its reading. Most of the readers of Medina and Kūfa read لَنْ تُخْلَفَهُ with ḍamma on the tāʾ and fatḥa on the lām, with the meaning: "And you have an appointed time for your punishment and torment on account of what you have done — having seduced your people until they worshipped the calf instead of Allah — and Allah will not let you escape it, but will make you undergo it." Al-Ḥasan, Qatāda, and Abū Nahīk read وَإِنَّ لَكَ مَوْعِدًا لَنْ تُخْلِفَهُ with ḍamma on the tāʾ and kasra on the lām, with the meaning: "And you have an appointed time which you, O Sāmirī, will not let escape"; and they interpreted it as: "You will not stay away from it."
Mention of those who said this:
We were told by Ibn Ḥumayd, who said: Yaḥyā ibn Wāḍiḥ related to us, who said: ʿAbd al-Muʾmin related to us, who said: I heard Abū Nahīk read لَنْ تُخْلِفَهُ أَنْتَ: he said: "You will not stay away from it."
We were told by Bishr, who said: Yazīd related to us, who said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning وَإِنَّ لَكَ مَوْعِدًا لَنْ تُخْلَفَهُ: he said: "You will not stay away from it."
Abū Jaʿfar said: In my view these are two well-known readings with mutually related meanings, for it is beyond doubt that Allah fulfills His promise to His creation — gathering them at the standing-place of the reckoning — and that the creation will arrive on that day. Allah does not let them miss that [promise], and they do not miss that (promise) by staying away. Whichever of the two readings the reader chooses, he has hit upon what is correct.
And His word وَانْظُرْ إِلَى إِلَهِكَ الَّذِي ظَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ عَاكِفًا means: "Look at your object of worship to which you have continually remained devoted and which you have served."
As was related to me by ʿAlī, who said: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, who said: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word ظَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ عَاكِفًا: "That upon which you continually remained."
It was related to me by Muḥammad ibn Saʿd, who said: my father related to me, who said: my uncle related to me, who said: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: "Mūsā said to him وَانْظُرْ إِلَى إِلَهِكَ الَّذِي ظَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ عَاكِفًا: that upon which you continually remained." Among the Arabs there exist two pronunciations for "ẓalta": with fatḥa on the ẓāʾ, and thus the readers of the cities read; and with kasra on it. Those who chose kasra appear to have transferred the vowel of the lām — which is the ʿayn of the verb in "ẓalalta" — onto the ẓāʾ; those who chose fatḥa left its vowel as it was before the elision. The Arabs do this with doubled-consonant verbs: one says for "masistu": "mastu" and "mistu," and for "hamamtu bi-dhālika": "hamtu bihi," and "hal aḥassāta fulānan" and "aḥassatahu," as a poet said:
"Except that the noble beasts of burden tracked him down, and they looked at him askance."
And His word لَنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ: the readers differed over its reading. Most of the readers of Ḥijāz and Iraq read لَنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ with ḍamma on the nūn and tashdīd on the rāʾ, with the meaning: "We shall surely burn it to pieces with fire." From al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī it is related that he read لَنُحْرِقَنَّهُ with ḍamma on the nūn and takhfīf on the rāʾ, with the meaning: "We shall burn it with fire at one stroke." Abū Jaʿfar al-Qāriʾ read لَنَحْرُقَنَّهُ with fatḥa on the nūn and ḍamma on the rāʾ, with the meaning: "We shall surely file it down with files," derived from "ḥaraqtuhu aḥruquhu," which means: I rubbed it, as a poet said:
"At Dhū Firqayn, on the day of the Banū Ḥubayb, they grind their teeth away at us."
The correct reading in this matter is, in our opinion, لَنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ with ḍamma on the nūn and tashdīd on the rāʾ, derived from iḥrāq — burning with fire.
As was related to me by ʿAlī, who said: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, who said: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word لَنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ: he said: "With fire."
It was related to me by Muḥammad ibn Saʿd, who said: my father related to me, who said: my uncle related to me, who said: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning لَنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ: he burned it and scattered it in the sea. And I have preferred this reading because of the unanimous decision of the scholars among the readers upon it.
As for Abū Jaʿfar: I think he relied upon what was related to us by Mūsā ibn Hārūn, who said: ʿAmr related to us, who said: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī, concerning وَانْظُرْ إِلَى إِلَهِكَ الَّذِي ظَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ عَاكِفًا لَنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ ثُمَّ لَنَنْسِفَنَّهُ فِي الْيَمِّ نَسْفًا: "He took it and slaughtered it, burned it with the file, and scattered it in the sea; and no sea remained that day but that something of it fell into it."
We were told by Bishr, who said: Yazīd related to us, who said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning وَانْظُرْ إِلَى إِلَهِكَ الَّذِي ظَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ عَاكِفًا لَنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ ثُمَّ لَنَنْسِفَنَّهُ فِي الْيَمِّ نَسْفًا: he said: "And in another reading it stands: we shall surely slaughter it, then burn it, then scatter it in the sea."
We were told by al-Ḥasan, who said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, who said: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, in the reading of Ibn Masʿūd: وَانْظُرْ إِلَى إِلَهِكَ الَّذِي ظَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ عَاكِفًا لَنَذْبَحَنَّهُ ثُمَّ لَنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ ثُمَّ لَنَنْسِفَنَّهُ فِي الْيَمِّ نَسْفًا.
And His word ثُمَّ لَنَنْسِفَنَّهُ فِي الْيَمِّ نَسْفًا means: "We shall surely scatter it in the sea like chaff" — one says: "So-and-so winnowed the grain by the wind" when he tosses it up so that the chaff and dust fly away from it by the hand or the wind.
In accordance with what we have said about this, the scholars of interpretation also spoke.
Mention of those who said this:
It was related to me by ʿAlī, who said: ʿAbdullāh related to us, who said: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word ثُمَّ لَنَنْسِفَنَّهُ فِي الْيَمِّ نَسْفًا: he said: "We shall surely scatter it in the sea."
It was related to me by Muḥammad ibn Saʿd, who said: my father related to me, who said: my uncle related to me, who said: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: "He scattered it in the sea (al-yamm); and al-yamm is the sea."
We were told by Mūsā, who said: ʿAmr related to us, who said: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī, who said: "He scattered it in the sea."
We were told by Bishr, who said: Yazīd related to us, who said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning "al-yamm": he said: "The sea."
Then the exposition of the interpretation of the word of the Exalted: كَذَلِكَ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ أَنْبَاءِ مَا قَدْ سَبَقَ وَقَدْ آتَيْنَاكَ مِنْ لَدُنَّا ذِكْرًا (20:99)
The Glorified says to His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: "Just as We have related to you, O Muḥammad, the report of Mūsā and Pharaoh and his people, and the fortunes of the Banū Isrāʾīl with Mūsā, كَذَلِكَ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ أَنْبَاءِ مَا قَدْ سَبَقَ — thus do We inform you of the reports of the things that have passed before you, which you did not witness and did not behold with your own eyes." And His word وَقَدْ آتَيْنَاكَ مِنْ لَدُنَّا ذِكْرًا — the Glorified says to Muḥammad ﷺ: "And We have given you, O Muḥammad, from Our side a remembrance by which one may remember and by which people of intellect and understanding are admonished" — and that is this Qurʾān which Allah has sent down to him, and which He has made a remembrance for the worlds.