Tafseer of Taa-Haa · Taa-Haa · 20:65
They said, "O Moses, either you throw or we will be the first to throw."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Explanation of the word of Allah the Exalted: فَأَجْمِعُوا كَيْدَكُمْ ثُمَّ ائْتُوا صَفًّا وَقَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْيَوْمَ مَنِ اسْتَعْلَى (Verse 64)
(So gather your scheme together and then come in a row, and verily he has prevailed today who has gained the upper hand.)
The reciters have differed among themselves over the reading of His word فَأَجْمِعُوا كَيْدَكُمْ . The majority of the reciters of Medina and Kūfa read فَأَجْمِعُوا كَيْدَكُمْ with hamza on the alif of "fa-ajmiʿū" — and they explained the meaning of that word as: resolve your scheme firmly and make a decision about it, from the expression: "Ajmaʿa fulānun al-khurūja" and "ajmaʿa ʿalā al-khurūj" (so-and-so resolved to depart), just as one also says: "azmata ʿalayhi" (he made the decision); and so too is the word of the Prophet ﷺ: "Whoever does not firmly resolve the intention for fasting by night has no fast."
Some reciters of Baṣra read it as فَاجْمِعُوا كَيْدَكُمْ with connection of the alif (waṣl) and without hamza, from "jamaʿtu al-šayʾa" (I brought the thing together) — as though one had explained it as: "leave nothing of your scheme without bringing it." Some reciters of this reading justified their choice — according to what was conveyed to me — with His word فَتَوَلَّى فِرْعَوْنُ فَجَمَعَ كَيْدَهُ .
Imam al-Ṭabarī says: The correct reading of this is, in our judgment, the hamza on "ajmiʿū", because of the consensus of the authoritative reciters upon it; and because the sorcerers were those who were known for it beforehand, there is no sense in saying to them: "bring together what you have been summoned for and for which you already possess knowledge", for one only brings together what one did not yet have with oneself and what one adds to what is already present. And that day was not the day on which their knowledge of what they did in the field of sorcery increased, but the day on which they displayed it. Moreover, sorcery was not scattered among them such that they would have had to bring it together. His word فَجَمَعَ كَيْدَهُ has a meaning other than فَأَجْمِعُوا كَيْدَكُمْ , for Pharaoh was the one who brought together and assembled what he needed in order to overcome Mūsā — something which was not yet brought together —, and that is why it says: "Pharaoh turned away and brought together his scheme."
His word ثُمَّ ائْتُوا صَفًّا — He says: come and present yourselves in a row (ṣaff). The word "ṣaff" here is a maṣdar (verbal noun), and that is why it is in the singular; the meaning is: then come in rows (ṣufūf). In Arabic, "ṣaff" also has another meaning: one says "ataytu al-ṣaffa al-yawma" — by which one means the place of prayer where prayer is performed.
His word وَقَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْيَوْمَ مَنِ اسْتَعْلَى — He says: whoever has today gained the upper hand over his adversary and overcome him has attained his goal.
As Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, he said: I was informed from Wahb ibn Munabbih, who said: Pharaoh gathered the people for that assembly and then commanded the sorcerers and said: ائْتُوا صَفًّا وَقَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْيَوْمَ مَنِ اسْتَعْلَى — that is to say: whoever has today overcome his adversary has won the contest.