Tabari

Tafseer of Taa-Haa · Taa-Haa · 20:51

قَالَ فَمَا بَالُ ٱلْقُرُونِ ٱلْأُولَىٰ

[Pharaoh] said, "Then what is the case of the former generations?"

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    His saying قَالَ رَبُّنَا الَّذِي أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى (20:50): Allah the Exalted says: Mūsā answered him: our Lord is the One who gave to every thing the like of its creation, that is to say: a likeness of its creation in form and shape — like the males among the Children of Ādam; He gave them, as the like of their creation, women as wives, and like the males among the animals; He gave them, as the like of their creation, in their form and shape, females as mates; thus He did not give man as a mate the opposite of his creation — females of the animals — nor did He give the animals females of the humans; then He guided them to the union by which offspring and reproduction take place, and to the remaining beneficial matters such as food and drink and others.

    The exegetes differed concerning the explanation of this. Some said something similar to what we said.

    Those who said this are mentioned below:

    ʿAlī related to me, saying: ʿAbd Allāh related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His saying أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى : he said: "He created for every thing a mate, then He guided it to its marriage, its food, its drink, its dwelling place, and its reproduction."

    Mūsā related to us, saying: ʿAmr related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī, concerning قَالَ رَبُّنَا الَّذِي أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى : he said: "to every animal He gave the like of its creation as a mate, then He guided it to marriage."

    Others said: the meaning of ثُمَّ هَدَى (then He guided) is that He guided them to affection, cohabitation, and marriage with one another.

    Those who said this are mentioned below:

    Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His saying الَّذِي أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى : he means: He guided them to one another, joined their hearts, and guided them to marriage so that they married one another.

    Others said: the meaning of this is: to every thing He gave its shape, that is its creation with which it was created, then He guided it to what is of benefit to it in livelihood and way of life.

    Those who said this are mentioned below:

    Abū Kurayb and Abū al-Sāʾib related to us, they said: Ibn Idrīs related to us, on the authority of Layth, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His saying أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى : he said: "to every thing He gave its shape, then He guided every thing to its livelihood."

    Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the saying of Allah أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى : he said: "He made the creation of every animal balanced, then He guided it to what is of benefit to it and taught it that."

    Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His saying رَبُّنَا الَّذِي أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى : he said: "He made the creation of every animal balanced, then He guided it to what is of benefit to it and taught it that; He did not make the humans in the shape of animals, nor did He make the animals in the shape of humans; rather He created every thing and decreed it precisely."

    Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Ḥumayd, on the authority of Mujāhid: أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى — he said: "He guided it to its stratagem and its way of life."

    Others said: the meaning of this is rather: to every thing He gave what is of benefit to it, and then He guided it to that.

    Those who said this are mentioned below:

    Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His saying أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ : he said: "to every thing He gave what is of benefit to it; then He guided it to that."

    Abū Jaʿfar says: the reason we chose the interpretation we chose is that Allah the Exalted informed us that He gave to every thing its creation; but a giver does not give himself — he only gives something other than himself. For the gift requires a giver, a recipient, and the thing given; and the thing given is not the recipient, but is something other than the recipient. When it is not the recipient but something else, and when the shape is the entire creation of one of its aspects, then it is clear that when one says "to the human He gave his shape," one means that He gave, to a part of the characteristics by which he, together with others, is called a human, a gift; then it is as though the speaker said: to every creature He gave itself — but that, upon closer consideration of the sentence, is not the customary meaning of a gift. And if this is so, then the most correct meaning of it is that the sentence pertains to the fact that Allah gave to every thing the like of its creation and paired it therewith as a mate; then He guided it to what we have explained. After that He omitted mention of the word "like" (mithl), and it was said: أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ — just as one says: ʿAbd Allāh is like the lion, and then one omits "like" and says: ʿAbd Allāh is the lion.

    Show original Arabic
    وقوله ( قَالَ رَبُّنَا الَّذِي أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى ) يقول تعالى ذكره: قال موسى له مجيبا: ربنا الذي أعطى كل شيء خلقه، يعني: نظير خلقه في الصورة والهيئة كالذكور من بني آدم. أعطاهم نظير خلقهم من الإناث أزواجا، وكالذكور من البهائم، أعطاها نظير خلقها، وفي صورتها وهيئتها من الإناث أزواجا، فلم يعط الإنسان خلاف خلقه، فيزوجه بالإناث من البهائم، ولا البهائم بالإناث من الإنس، ثم هداهم للمأتي الذي منه النسل والنماء كيف يأتيه، ولسائر منافعه من المطاعم والمشارب، وغير ذلك. وقد اختلف أهل التأويل في تأويل ذلك، فقال بعضهم: بنحو الذي قلنا فيه. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني عليّ، قال: ثنا عبد الله، قال: ثني معاوية، عن عليّ، عن ابن عباس، قوله ( أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى ) يقول: خلق لكل شيء زوجة، ثم هداه لمنكحه ومطعمه ومشربه ومسكنه ومولده. حدثنا موسى، قال: ثنا عمرو، قال: ثنا أسباط، عن السديّ( قَالَ رَبُّنَا الَّذِي أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى ) يقول: أعطى كلّ دابة خلقها زوجا، ثم هدى للنكاح. وقال آخرون: معنى قوله (ثُمَّ هَدَى) أنه هداهم إلى الألفة والاجتماع والمناكحة. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس، قوله ( الَّذِي أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى ) يعني: هدى بعضهم إلى بعض، ألف بين قلوبهم وهداهم للتزويج أن يزوّج بعضهم بعضا. وقال آخرون: معنى ذلك: أعطى كلّ شيء صورته، وهي خلقه الذي خلقه به، ثم هداه لما يصلحه من الاحتيال للغذاء والمعاش. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا أبو كريب وأبو السائب، قالا ثنا ابن إدريس، عن ليث، عن مجاهد، في قوله ( أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى ) قال: أعطى كلّ شيء صورته ثم هدى كلّ شيء إلى معيشته. حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى، وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، في قول الله ( أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى ) قال: سوّى خلق كلّ دابة، ثم هداها لما يُصلحها، فعلَّمها إياه. حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج، عن مجاهد، قوله: ( رَبُّنَا الَّذِي أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى ) قال: سوّى خلق كلّ دابة ثم هداها لما يُصلحها وعلَّمها إياه، ولم يجعل الناس في خلق البهائم، ولا خلق البهائم في خلق الناس، ولكن خلق كل شيء فقدّره تقديرا. حدثنا محمد بن بشار، قال: ثنا عبد الرحمن، قال: ثنا سفيان، عن حميد عن مجاهد ( أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى ) قال: هداه إلى حيلته ومعيشته. وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: أعطى كلّ شيء ما يُصلحه، ثم هداه له. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا الحسن، قال: أخبرنا عبد الرزاق، قال: أخبرنا معمر، عن قتادة، قوله ( أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ) قال: أعطى كل شيء ما يُصلحه. ثم هداه له. قال أبو جعفر: وإنما اخترنا القول الذي اخترنا في تأويل ذلك، لأنه جلّ ثناؤه أخبر أنه أعطى كلّ شيء خلقه، ولا يعطي المعطي نفسه، بل إنما يعطي ما هو غيره، لأن العطية تقتضي المعطي المُعطَى والعطية، ولا تكون العطيه هي المعْطَى، وإذا لم تكن هي هو، وكانت غيره، وكانت الصورة كلّ خلق بعض أجزائه، كان معلوما أنه إذا قيل: أعطى الإنسان صورته، إنما يعني أنه أعطى بعض المعاني التي به مع غيره دعي إنسانا، فكأن قائله قال: أعطى كلّ خلق نفسه، وليس ذلك إذا وجه إليه الكلام بالمعروف من معاني العطية، وإن كان قد يحتمله الكلام. فإذا كان ذلك كذلك، فالأصوب من معانيه أن يكون موجها إلى أن كلّ شيء أعطاه ربه مثل خلقه، فزوجه به، ثم هداه لما بيَّنا، ثم ترك ذكر مثل، وقيل ( أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ) كما يقال: عبد الله مثل الأسد، ثم يحذف مثل، فيقول: عبد الله الأسد.