Tafseer of Mary · Maryam · 19:78
Has he looked into the unseen, or has he taken from the Most Merciful a promise?
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us — he said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us — he said: al-Thawrī informed us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abū al-Ḍuḥā, on the authority of Masrūq, on the authority of Khabbāb ibn al-Aratt, who said: "I was a smith (qīn) in Mecca, and I performed work for al-ʿĀṣ ibn Wāʾil. I had a sum of money owed to me by him, so I went to him to demand payment. He said to me: 'I will not pay you until you disbelieve in Muḥammad.' I said: 'I will not disbelieve in Muḥammad until you die and are thereafter resurrected.' He said: 'When I am resurrected, I will have wealth and offspring.' I mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, whereupon Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, revealed: أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي كَفَرَ بِآيَاتِنَا وَقَالَ لَأُوتَيَنَّ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا ("Have you seen him who disbelieved in Our signs and said: 'I will surely be granted wealth and offspring'") — up to وَيَأْتِينَا فَرْدًا ("and he will come to Us alone")."
The exegetes differed concerning the reading of the word وَوَلَدًا in this verse. The readers of Medina and Baṣra and a portion of the readers of Kūfa read it with a fatḥa on the wāw as "waladan" — throughout the entire Qurʾān — with the exception of Abū ʿAmr ibn al-ʿAlāʾ, who singled out the verse in sūrat Nūḥ with a ḍamma and read it as مَالُهُ وَوُلْدُهُ. Most of the readers of Kūfa, however, with the exception of ʿĀṣim, read what is in this sūra from the word مَالًا وَوَلَدًا to the end of the sūra — as well as the two occurrences in sūrat al-Zukhruf and the one in sūrat Nūḥ — with a ḍamma and a sukūn on the lām.
The Arabic grammarians differed concerning the meaning of the ḍamma-reading. Some of them said: the ḍamma and the fatḥa have the same meaning; they are merely two dialectal variants, just as the Arabs use al-ʿudum and al-ʿadam, or al-ḥuzn and al-ḥazan. They adduced as evidence the words of the poet:
"Would that fate had decreed that the one had remained in his mother's belly, and that the other had been the offspring (wuld) of a donkey."
And the words of al-Ḥārith ibn Ḥilliza:
"And indeed, I saw groups of people who had amassed wealth (mālan) and offspring (wuldan)."
And the words of Ruʾba:
"All praise be to Allah, the Mighty, the Solitary, Who has taken no creature as offspring (wuld)."
The Arabs say in a proverb: "Your offspring (wuld) is the one who made your heels bleed." All of this has the same meaning, namely: the child.
It has been mentioned to me that the tribe of Qays regard the term wuld as a plural and walad as a singular.
Perhaps those who read with the ḍamma in the cases in which they preferred the ḍamma chose this reading in order to make a distinction between the singular and the plural.
Abū Jaʿfar (al-Ṭabarī) said: The most correct view in my opinion is that the fatḥa on the wāw of walad and the ḍamma have the same meaning; they are two dialectal variants. Whichever of the two the Qurʾān-reciter chooses, he is correct. The fatḥa, however, is the better known of the two variants, and the reading with it is therefore the more agreeable to me.
As for His words: أَطَّلَعَ الْغَيْبَ ("Has he gained knowledge of the unseen?") — Allah, the Exalted, says: Has this speaker acquired knowledge of the unseen, such that he knows that his claim contains truth and that what he says is reality — namely that wealth and offspring will accrue to him in the Hereafter — by having gained access to knowledge that was hidden from him? أَمِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا ("Or has he made a covenant with the All-Merciful?") — that is to say: or has he believed in Allah, acted according to what He commanded, and refrained from what He forbade, so that he has thereby obtained with Allah a covenant that he will receive what he says of wealth and offspring?
As Bishr related to us — he said: Yazīd related to us — he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: أَطَّلَعَ الْغَيْبَ أَمِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا — "through a righteous deed which he has sent ahead."