Tafseer of The Cave · Al-Kahf · 18:83
And they ask you, [O Muhammad], about Dhul-Qarnayn. Say, "I will recite to you about him a report."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the words of Allah the Exalted: وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنْ ذِي الْقَرْنَيْنِ قُلْ سَأَتْلُو عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْهُ ذِكْرًا (18:83)
Allah the Exalted says to His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: "O Muḥammad, these polytheists ask you about Dhū al-Qarnayn — what his condition was and what his story was; so say to them: سَأَتْلُو عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْهُ ذِكْرًا " — that is to say: "I shall recite to you of his tidings an account." It has been said that those who asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about the matter of Dhū al-Qarnayn were people of the People of the Book.
As for the report that those who asked him were the polytheists of his people, we have mentioned that earlier.
As for the report that those who asked him were people of the People of the Book — Abū Kurayb related that to us; he said: Zayd ibn Ḥubāb related to us, on the authority of Ibn Lahīʿa. He said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ziyād ibn Anʿum related to me, on the authority of two elderly men from Tujīb. He said: "One of them said to his companion: 'Come with me to ʿUqba ibn ʿĀmir so that we may visit him.' They went to him and said: 'We have come so that you might tell us.' He said: 'One day I was serving the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and I went out and met people of the People of the Book. They said: "We wish to ask the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a question; ask him to let us in to him." I entered upon him and informed him of it; he said: "What have I to do with them — I have only knowledge that Allah has taught me." Then he said: "Pour water for me"; he performed his ritual ablution, prayed — and before he had finished, I saw the joy upon his face; then he said: "Let them in to me, and whoever of my companions sees you"; they entered and stood before him. He said: "If you wish, ask your question; then I shall tell you what is written in your Book; and if you wish, I shall tell you." They said: "Tell us." He said: "You come to ask me about Dhū al-Qarnayn, what you find in your Book: he was a youth of the Byzantines; he built the city of Alexandria in Egypt. When he had finished, an angel came to him who raised him up to the heaven; he asked him: 'What do you see?' He said: 'I see my city and cities.' Then he raised him higher and asked: 'What do you see?' He said: 'I see my city.' Then he raised him still higher and asked: 'What do you see?' He said: 'I see the earth.' He said: 'This is the sea that surrounds the world. Allah has sent me to you to teach the ignorant and to confirm the learned.' He brought him to the dam — these are two smooth mountains from which everything slides off — and journeyed on with him until he had passed Yāʾjūj and Māʾjūj; then he journeyed on with him to another people with the faces of dogs who were fighting against Yāʾjūj and Māʾjūj; then he journeyed on with him until he had passed another people who were fighting against those with the faces of dogs; then he journeyed on with them to another people whom he named by name."'"
The scholars differed concerning the reason why Dhū al-Qarnayn was so called. Some said: he was called so because he was struck on one of his temples (qarn) so that he died; then he was made alive, after which he was struck on the other temple so that he died.
Those who said this are mentioned below:
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us; he said: Ḥakkām related to us, on the authority of ʿAnbasa, on the authority of ʿUbayd al-Muktib, on the authority of Abī al-Ṭufayl. He said: "Ibn al-Kawwāʾ asked ʿAlī about Dhū al-Qarnayn; he said: 'He was a servant who loved Allah and Allah loved him; he dealt honestly with Allah and Allah honestly with him; he commanded them to fear Allah; they struck him on his temple and killed him; then Allah raised him; they struck him on his temple and he died.'"
Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us; he said: Yaḥyā related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Ḥabīb ibn Abī Thābit, on the authority of Abī al-Ṭufayl. He said: "ʿAlī, may Allah be pleased with him, was asked about Dhū al-Qarnayn; he said: 'He was a servant who dealt honestly with Allah, and Allah honestly with him; he called his people to Allah; they struck him on his temple and he died; Allah raised him; he called his people to Allah; they struck him on his temple and he died — and thus he was named Dhū al-Qarnayn (possessor of two temples).'"
Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to us; he said: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us; he said: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of al-Qāsim ibn Abī Barza, on the authority of Abī al-Ṭufayl. He said: "I heard ʿAlī, when he was asked whether Dhū al-Qarnayn was a Prophet. He said: 'He was a righteous servant who loved Allah and Allah loved him; he was sent by Allah to his people; they struck him two blows upon his head, and thus he was named Dhū al-Qarnayn — and among you today is his like.'"
Others said — as Muḥammad ibn Sahl al-Bukhārī related to me; he said: Ismāʿīl ibn ʿAbd al-Karīm related to us; he said: ʿAbd al-Ṣamad ibn Maʿqil related to me. He said: Wahb ibn Munabbih said: "He was a king." He was asked: "Why was he named Dhū al-Qarnayn?" He said: "The People of the Book differed concerning it: some said: he ruled over Byzantium and Persia; others said: he had something like two horns on his head."
Yet others said: he was called so because the two sides of his head were of copper.
Those who said this are mentioned below:
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us; he said: Salama related to us. He said: Ibn Abī Isḥāq related to me; he said: someone whom I do not hold in suspicion related to me, on the authority of Wahb ibn Munabbih al-Yamānī. He said: "He was named Dhū al-Qarnayn (possessor of two horns) because the two sides of his head were of copper."