Tafseer of The Cave · Al-Kahf · 18:25
And they remained in their cave for three hundred years and exceeded by nine.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The discourse on the explanation of the saying of the Exalted: وَلَبِثُوا فِي كَهْفِهِمْ ثَلاثَ مِائَةٍ سِنِينَ وَازْدَادُوا تِسْعًا (And they remained in their cave three hundred years and added nine.) (25)
The exegetes differed concerning the meaning of this saying. Some said: this is a report from Allah the Exalted about what the People of the Book say — that they say it thus. As proof for the correctness of this position they cited His saying: قُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثُوا , and they said: if this were a report from Allah about the duration of their stay in the cave, then His saying قُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثُوا would have no intelligible meaning, now that Allah has already made His creation know the extent of their stay therein and its duration.
* Mention of who said that:
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, from Qatāda, concerning وَلَبِثُوا فِي كَهْفِهِمْ ثَلاثَ مِائَةٍ سِنِينَ وَازْدَادُوا تِسْعًا — he said: "this is the saying of the People of the Book; Allah rejected it and said: قُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثُوا لَهُ غَيْبُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ ."
Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, from Qatāda, concerning وَلَبِثُوا فِي كَهْفِهِمْ — he said: "in the text of Ibn Masʿūd it reads: wa-qālū wa-labithū — that is to say: the people said it. Do you not see that it says: قُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثُوا ?"
ʿAlī ibn Sahl related to us, saying: Ḍamra ibn Rabīʿa related to us, from Ibn Shawdhab, from Maṭar al-Warrāq, concerning the saying of Allah وَلَبِثُوا فِي كَهْفِهِمْ ثَلاثَ مِائَةٍ سِنِينَ — he said: "it is merely something the Jews said; Allah rejected it and said: قُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثُوا ."
Others said: it is a report from Allah about the extent of what they stayed in their cave.
* Mention of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us — and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both from Ibn Abī Najīḥ, from Mujāhid: وَلَبِثُوا فِي كَهْفِهِمْ ثَلاثَ مِائَةٍ سِنِينَ وَازْدَادُوا تِسْعًا — he said: "the number that they stayed."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, from Ibn Jurayj, from Mujāhid — of similar import, and he added: قُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثُوا .
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, from ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād, from ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd ibn ʿUmayr, who said: وَلَبِثُوا فِي كَهْفِهِمْ ثَلاثَ مِائَةٍ سِنِينَ وَازْدَادُوا تِسْعًا — he said: "and nine years."
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, from Ibn Isḥāq — of similar import.
Mūsā ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Masrūqī related to us, saying: Abū Usāma related to us, saying: al-Ajlaḥ related to me, from al-Ḍaḥḥāk ibn Muzāḥim, who said: this verse was sent down وَلَبِثُوا فِي كَهْفِهِمْ ثَلاثَ مِائَةٍ and it was asked: days, months, or years? Then Allah sent down: سِنِينَ وَازْدَادُوا تِسْعًا .
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us — and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both from Ibn Abī Najīḥ, from Mujāhid: وَلَبِثُوا فِي كَهْفِهِمْ — he said: "between two mountains."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, from Ibn Jurayj, from Mujāhid — likewise.
The most correct position on this matter is that one says as Allah the Exalted has said: the People of the Cave remained sleeping in their cave until Allah awakened them so that they might question one another, and until Allah caused those to come upon them who came upon them — three hundred years and nine years. For Allah has reported that in His Book thus.
As for the report about Ibn Masʿūd that he read wa-qālū wa-labithū fī kahfihim, and the saying of him who said that it is the saying of the People of the Book and that Allah rejected it against them — the meaning therein is: that the People of the Book in the time of the Prophet ﷺ said that for the young men — from the moment they entered the cave until their own day — three hundred years and nine years had passed. Allah rejected that against them and informed His Prophet that this was the duration of their stay in the cave from the moment they took refuge in it until the moment He awakened them so that they might question one another. Then the Exalted said to His Prophet ﷺ: say, O Muhammad: Allah knows best how long they remained — after the taking of their souls, after the moment He awakened them from their sleep — up to this day of theirs. None knows that except Allah, and except whom Allah has made to know it.
If someone then asks: what indicates that it is so? Then we say: the indication is that the Exalted began the report about the duration of their stay in their cave first and said: وَلَبِثُوا فِي كَهْفِهِمْ ثَلاثَ مِائَةٍ سِنِينَ وَازْدَادُوا تِسْعًا without placing any indication that this is a report from Him about the saying of people who said it. It is not permissible to ascribe His report about something to a report of someone else, without proof.
Now if someone supposes that His saying قُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثُوا indicates that His saying وَلَبِثُوا فِي كَهْفِهِمْ is a report from Him about people who said it — then that would only be necessary if it could bear no other interpretation. But it can also bear the interpretation we have given: that the meaning is: say: Allah knows best how long they remained until the day We sent down this sura, and meanings of that kind. So it is not necessary that this be an indication that His saying وَلَبِثُوا فِي كَهْفِهِمْ is a report from Allah about people who said it.
The reciters of the Qurʾān differed over the reading of ثَلاثَ مِائَةٍ سِنِينَ . Most of the reciters of Medina and Basra, and some of the Kufans, read it with tanwīn on miʾa — with the meaning: they remained in their cave years, three hundred. Most of the reciters of Kufa read it as thalātha miʾati sinīna — annexing "three hundred" to "years" in the genitive, without tanwīn.
The most correct of the two readings in my opinion is the one with tanwīn on miʾa. This is because the Arabs annex the word "hundred" as a genitive only to that which explains it, when the explanation comes in the singular form — as one says: three hundred dirhams, and "I have a hundred dinar" — for al-miʾa and al-alf are large numbers, and the Arabs explain them only by what corresponds in meaning to their multitude: the singular represents the genus. But when the explanation comes in the plural form, then they put tanwīn — and one says: "I have a thousand dirhams" (plural) and "I have a hundred dinars" (plural).