Tafseer of The Cave · Al-Kahf · 18:16
[The youths said to one another], "And when you have withdrawn from them and that which they worship other than Allah, retreat to the cave. Your Lord will spread out for you of His mercy and will prepare for you from your affair facility."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the words of Allah the Exalted: وَإِذِ اعْتَزَلْتُمُوهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ إِلا اللَّهَ فَأْوُوا إِلَى الْكَهْفِ يَنْشُرْ لَكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ وَيُهَيِّئْ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ مِرْفَقًا (And when you have withdrawn from them and from what they worship besides Allah — then take refuge in the cave; your Lord will spread out for you His mercy and will make easy for you in your affair a relief — verse 16)
Allah the Exalted here reports what one part of the young men said to the other part:
When you, O young men, have forsaken your people who have taken gods besides Allah, وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ إِلا اللَّهَ — that is to say: when you have separated yourselves from your people who worship gods other than Allah. In that case the word maa stands in the accusative as a connection to the pronominal suffixes in اعْتَزَلْتُمُوهُمْ .
And according to the purport of what we have said about this, the exegetes spoke.
* Mention of who said this:
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning his words وَإِذِ اعْتَزَلْتُمُوهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ إِلا اللَّهَ — and in the Qurʾānic text of ʿAbd Allah it stands as: "and what they worshipped besides Allah" — this is its explanation.
And as for his words فَأْوُوا إِلَى الْكَهْفِ — that is to say: betake yourselves to the cave in the mountain that is called Banjūlūs. يَنْشُرْ لَكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ means: your Lord will spread out for you of His mercy, by making easy for you a way out of the affair that has befallen you because of the unbeliever Daqyānūs who is seeking you in order to cast you into the trial.
His words فَأْوُوا إِلَى الْكَهْفِ are the answer to 'idh', as though the meaning is: when you, O people, have separated yourselves from your people — then betake yourselves to the cave. Thus one also says: as soon as you have committed a sin, then ask Allah for forgiveness and turn back to Him.
His words وَيُهَيِّئْ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ مِرْفَقًا mean: He will make ready for you in your affair — about which you are grieved and fearful because of the fear for yourselves and your religion — a marfaq (relief). By the marfaq he means: that from which you can derive benefit and ease of use. In the words marfiq and marfaq — both of the elbow and of other things — there exist two pronunciations: with kasra on the mīm and fatḥa on the fāʾ, or with fatḥa on the mīm and kasra on the fāʾ. Al-Kisāʾī knew in the word marfiq of the human elbow only fatḥa of the fāʾ and kasra of the mīm, whereas al-Farrāʾ recorded both pronunciations — both for the marfiq of the affair and for that of the elbow — and in this connection he cited the verse of the poet:
'I kept the elbow (marfiq) of my elbow at a distance' (verse)
and he said: kasra on the mīm is more elegant therein.
And one of the grammarians of Basra said concerning his words مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ مِرْفَقًا : something from which you can derive benefit, as a noun like masjid (place of prayer); and it can be a dialectal form, one says: rafaqa yarfuqu marfaqan, or if one wishes marfiqan, with the meaning of rifq (ease) — but in that reading it has not been recited.
The Qurʾān reciters differed over the reading of this word. The majority of the reciters of Medina read: 'wa-yuhayyiʾ lakum min amrikum marfaqan' with fatḥa on the mīm and kasra on the fāʾ; whereas the majority of the Iraqi reciters read (mirfaqan) with kasra on the mīm and fatḥa on the fāʾ.
The correct view about this is to say: they are two readings with the same meaning, each of which is read by authoritative Qurʾān reciters; whichever of the two any of the reciters reads is good. But although that is so, I choose the reading (mirfaqan) with kasra on the mīm and fatḥa on the fāʾ, because that is the most eloquent and best known of the two forms among the Arabs — and so it holds also for everything from which one can derive benefit and ease.